scholarly journals Is the coexistence of Catalan and Spanish possible in Catalonia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís F. Seoane ◽  
Xaquín Loredo ◽  
Henrique Monteagudo ◽  
Jorge Mira
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

Abstract We study the stability of Catalan and Spanish coexistence in Catalonia, a key political and economic European region. Recent, abundant empirical data of language use is analyzed within an analytic model of population dynamics. This model contemplates the possibilities of both long-term language coexistence and decline. The data needs to be interpreted under different circumstances. The most likely scenario, we find, is a sustained coexistence. Extreme cases still lead to the decline of one of the tongues–we delimit when this can happen. Asymptotic behavior is often an unreliable predictor in complex social systems; we make an attempt at forecasting fractions of speakers towards $$2030$$ 2030 . These also suggest sustained coexistence, but some counterintuitive dynamics are unveiled. Model parameters estimated from the data convey relevant information about the prestige and interlinguistic similarity of both tongues. We quantify these parameters rigorously for these languages for the first time. Remarkably, Spanish is found to have a larger prestige in areas which historically had larger Catalan monolingual communities. With limited, spatially-segregated data we examine more fine grained dynamics, thus better addressing the likely outcomes. Differences in model parameters across regions reveal how the two languages are perceived in more urban or rural environments.

scholarly journals A SLR Pre-Processing Algorithm Based on Satellite Signature Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8880
Author(s):  
Bowen Guan ◽  
Cunbo Fan ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Ricardo Cesar Podesta ◽  
Dra Ana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Satellite Signature Effect

As one of the major error sources, satellite signature effect should be reduced or even erased from the distribution of the post-fit residuals to improve the ranging precision. A simulation of satellite signature effect removal process for normal point algorithm is conducted based on a revised model of satellite response, which fully considers the structural and distribution characteristics of retroreflectors. In order to eliminate both long-term and short-term satellite signature effect, a clipping method for SLR data processing is proposed by defining the clipping location as 5.6 mm away from the mean value of the long-term fit residuals to select effective returns for normal points. The results indicate that, compared to normal points algorithm, the RMS per NP of LAGEOS-1 observation data processed by the clipping method is reduced from 62.90 ± 9.9 mm to 56.07 ± 4.69 mm, and the stability of RMS is improved 53%. This study improves the satellite signature effect model and simulates the fluctuation of normal points caused by satellite signature effect for the first time. The new method based on the simulation of satellite signature effect has stronger robustness and applicability, which can further minimize the influence of satellite signature effect on the SLR production and significantly improve the data property.

scholarly journals “When I speak people look at me”

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemina Napier ◽  
Rosemary Oram ◽  
Alys Young ◽  
Robert Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Sign Language Interpreters ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Deaf Signers

Abstract Deaf people’s lives are predicated to some extent on working with sign language interpreters. The self is translated on a regular basis and is a long-term state of being. Identity becomes known and performed through the translated self in many interactions, especially at work. (Hearing) others’ experience of deaf people, largely formed indirectly through the use of sign language interpreters, is rarely understood as intercultural or from a sociocultural linguistic perspective. This study positions itself at the cross-roads of translation studies, sociolinguistics and deaf studies, to specifically discuss findings from a scoping study that sought, for the first time, to explore whether the experience of being ‘known’ through translation is a pertinent issue for deaf signers. Through interviews with three deaf signers, we examine how they draw upon their linguistic repertoires and adopt bimodal translanguaging strategies in their work to assert or maintain their professional identity, including bypassing their representation through interpreters. This group we refer to as ‘Deaf Contextual Speakers’ (DCS). The DCS revealed the tensions they experienced as deaf signers in reinforcing, contravening or perpetuating language ideologies, with respect to assumptions that hearing people make about them as deaf people, their language use in differing contexts; the status of sign language; as well as the perceptions of other deaf signers about their translanguaging choices. This preliminary discussion of DCS’ engagement with translation, translanguaging and professional identity(ies) will contribute to theoretical discussions of translanguaging through the examination of how this group of deaf people draw upon their multilingual and multimodal repertoires, contingent and situational influences on these choices, and extend our understanding of the relationship between language use, power, identity, translation and representation.

scholarly journals Ectoparasites of the bats from karst caves of the nature reserve «Ichalkovsky Bor» (Nizhny Novgorod Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Galina Anatolievna Fadeeva ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Karst Caves ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Volga Upland ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
First Time

The fauna of parasitic mites of bats from the karst caves in the region of the Volga Upland was studied in 2004-2005. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. 18 species of arthropods were detected, among them there are gamasid mites (10 species) and harvest mites (2 species). Leptotrombidium russicum (Oud., 1902) and Myotrombicula sp. were found for the first time in Central Russia. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836), Steatonyssus spinosus (Willmann, 1936), Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati, 1858), Macronyssus flavus (Kolenati, 1856) turned out to be the main group of parasites in this study. As for the insects flies of the family Nycteribiidae and fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae were found. The cluster analysis of ectoparasite fauna has showed that they are more or less evenly distributed among all members of mixed colonies of bats, while there is no violation of specificity in the choice of hosts. Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species, which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies and in natural habitats. This fact indicates a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. This, in its turn, shows that in long-evolving communities competitive relationships between parasites are obliterated, which gives them stability. Herewith the bat colony is used as an integral whole, although some parasitic species prefer certain types of hosts.

scholarly journals A Revised Surgical Strategy for the Distal Tibiofibular Interosseous Osteochondroma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Huarui Yang ◽  
Kangquan Shou ◽  
Shijun Wei ◽  
Zhi Fang ◽  
Qiwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign bone tumor; however, the surgical treatment still remains a challenge for those that occur at the distal tibiofibular interosseous location. Previously, the transfibular approach has been successfully described, but the potential damage of the syndesmosis would give rise to the instability of the ankle joint and thus may result in the unfavorable long-term outcome. Here, a revised strategy which can protect the syndesmotic complex is introduced. From 2010 to 2017, eleven patients with the distal tibiofibular interosseous osteochondroma who underwent the revised surgery were collected. The distal fibular osteotomy and posterior tibial osteotomy were performed to keep the inferior syndesmosis intact for better stability of the ankle joint. Both the anterior tibiofibular ligaments (AITFL) and posterior tibiofibular ligaments (PITFL) have been preserved successfully, and thus, the stability of the ankle joint has been maintained due to our strategy. The VAS and AOFAS scores were utilized to assess the clinical outcome and function. Postoperatively, all the patients were pain-free and were able to wear the appropriate shoes at the last follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores were 93.63±6.91 and 47.27±5.27 (P<0.05), respectively. Moreover, the average VAS score was 1.73±0.27 (compared with preoperative as 7.45±2.15, P<0.05), demonstrating obvious improvement after the operation. To our best knowledge, this is the first time to perform the resection of the distal tibial interosseous osteochondroma involving the fibula without interrupting the inferior syndesmotic complex especially the AITFL and PITFL. We believe that this strategy may pave a new way for optimized clinical outcome for these patients with distal tibiofibular interosseous osteochondroma. This clinical trial study is registered with number ChiCTR1900024690.

scholarly journals LOTVS: a global collection of permanent vegetation plots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gaia Sperandii ◽  
Francesco de Bello ◽  
Enrique Valencia ◽  
Lars Götzenberger ◽  
Manuele Bazzichetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Regular Sampling ◽  
The Stability

AbstractAnalysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long-term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng-Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time-series derived from the regular monitoring of vascular plants in permanent plots. With 79 datasets from five continents and 7789 vegetation time-series monitored for at least six years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine-grained vegetation time-series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology.

scholarly journals Long-term retainment of some chromosomal inversions in a local population of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera, Chironomidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Paraskeva Michailova ◽  
Julia Ilkova ◽  
Pavlo Kovalenko ◽  
Artem Dzhulai ◽  
Iryna Kozeretska
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Squash Preparation ◽  
Belgica Antarctica ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chromosome I ◽  
First Time

Genome of antarctic endemic Belgica antarctica Jacobs has been sequenced. However, no set of inversion diagnostic markers has ever been assigned for the species. Using the classical method of polytene chromosome squash preparation, we found three heterozygous inversions located on the second (two heterozygous inversions) and third chromosomes (one heterozygous inversion) in the Belgica antarctica population of a cape of Wiencke Island, 500 m to SW from Port Lockroy. The chromosome set and chromosome variability did not differ from those described in the literature (Atchley and Davis 1979). Every salivary gland chromosome had its own markers by which it can be determined. However, we did not find a sex-linked inversion on chromosome III and heterozygous inversion on chromosome I, reported in earlier studies. For the first time, we observed a strong heterochromatin band in chromosome III at the telomere of one arm. Our data show not only the stability of the described inversions in the population but also the usefulness of the squash preparation technique in the studies of genetic variability of Belgica antarctica in present time.

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of scientific-echosounder performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Petter Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Acoustic Instruments ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Calibration Time ◽  
First Time

Abstract Knudsen, H. P. 2009. Long-term evaluation of scientific-echosounder performance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1335–1340. When scientific acoustic instruments are utilized for quantitative measurements of underwater biological resources, it is extremely important to know their overall performance, and it is imperative to measure their stability over time. Echosounders mounted on research vessels are therefore routinely calibrated several times annually, often immediately before, during, and after important resource-assessment surveys. In recent years, multifrequency systems for acoustic surveys requiring species identification and categorization based on the frequency response of targets have been introduced, further emphasizing the importance of monitoring instrument performance. In the 1970s, hydrophones and steel spheres were used as alternative references for calibrations. Substantial variations of system performance were observed, however, and gradually it was accepted that the use of hydrophones was inappropriate, because their performance varied more than that of the instruments being calibrated. Not until optimized reference targets were introduced in ca. 1980, was it possible to monitor the stability of acoustic-survey equipment with an acceptable degree of confidence. For the first time, the true, long-term stability of transducers, including ageing effects, could be accurately measured. This paper gives examples of calibration time-series for several Norwegian research vessels operating in various regions from Arctic to tropical waters.

Populating decision-analytic models: The feasibility and efficiency of database searching for individual parameters

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Golder ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
Laura Ginnelly
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Search Strategies ◽  
Decision Analytic Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Database Searching ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Search Filters ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Tract Infections

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of searching selected databases to identify information required to populate a decision-analytic model.Methods: Methods of searching for information to populate a decision-analytic model were piloted using a case study of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in children. This study explored how the information requirements for a decision-analytic model could be developed into searchable questions and how search strategies could be derived to answer these questions. The study also assessed the usefulness of three published search filters and explored which resources might produce relevant information for the various model parameters.Results: Based on the data requirements for this case study, 42 questions were developed for searching. These questions related to baseline event rates, health-related quality of life and outcomes, relative treatment effects, resource use and unit costs, and antibiotic resistance. A total of 1,237 records were assessed by the modeler, and of these, 48 were found to be relevant to the model. Search precision ranged from 0 percent to 38 percent, and no single database proved the most useful for all the questions.Conclusions: The process of conducting specific searches to address each of the model questions provided information that was useful in populating the case study model. The most appropriate resources to search were dependent on the question, and multiple database searching using focused search strategies may prove more effective in finding relevant data than thorough searches of a single database.

Insight on to Mechanical, Thermal, Long-Term, Hydrothermal, and Chemical Stability of PSf Based Membrane Systems for Separation of O2 /N2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUCHHANDA SWAIN ◽  
Lakshmi Unnikrishnan ◽  
Smita Mohanty ◽  
Sanjay K. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Optimum Separation

Abstract MMMs have been opened up a new window in gas separation and purification applications, but the actual viability can be reckoned on the basis of performance achieved in realistic feed conditions. This research highlights the selection of silica decorated graphene for the first time to prepare nanocomposite membranes. In the study, XRD, Raman, and UV validated the existence of the different fillers within the host Polysulfone (PSf), while TEM authenticated their distribution. The burst strength and thermal properties were also investigated. Besides, it covered a prudent step towards resolving the dominant ingredients, which routinely appraise the stability and durability of the membranes. These indexes are long-term gas permeation up to 120 hours coupled with sustainability against hydrothermal and chemical resistance under various conditions similar to real-life separation applications. Finally, the report demonstrated that the nanohybrid integrated membrane systems displayed optimum separation performance and stability than their parent counterparts: PSf/mSiO2, PSf/GO.

scholarly journals Oxide minerals of Kaavi kimberlites (Finland)

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
N. S. Azarova ◽  
A. V. Bovkun ◽  
V. K. Garanin ◽  
D. A. Varlamov ◽  
H. L. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Kimberlite Pipe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Oxide Minerals ◽  
First Time

The mineralogical and petrogeochemical features of the Neoproterozoic kimberlite rocks of the Lahtojoki and Niilonsuo pipes of the Kaavi cluster (Kaavi-Kuopio, Finland) have been studied, differences in their petrogeochemical composition, quantitative and chemical composition of oxide minerals of deep (mantle) and kimberlite genesis have been revealed. The kimberlites of the pipes are moderately titanic, but the TiO2 content in the kimberlites of Niilonsuo is higher (2.11 wt.%) than in the kimberlites from the breccia of the Lahtojoki pipe (1.07 wt.%). The kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe also differ in higher concentrations of Fe2 O3 , Ca, P, K, Rb, V, Nb, Ba, Th, U, Ta and REE. In the Lahtojoki kimberlite breccias the main TiO2 concentrator mineral is magnesian ilmenite (13,3—15,2 wt.% MgO; 0,5—4,4 wt.% Cr2 O3 ), (macrocrysts up to 4 mm); the fine-grained matrix of rocks contains small grains of rutile, chromespinelides, Mn-ilmenite and sometimes titanomagnetite. Macrocrystals of magnesian ilmenite have been not found in the kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, perovskite acts as the main mineral of titanium, and chromespinelids and titanomagnetite are less common. Long-term crystallization of relatively large (up to 200 μm) perovskite grains proceeded according to estimates using an Nb-Fe-perovskite oxybarometer under a wide range of oxygen fugacity (fо2 ) of the kimberlite melt (NNO from -3,8 to 5,1). Chromespinelids from the groundmass of kimberlite pipe rocks differ in composition, but have the same specific zonality — enrichment of Al and Mg in the edge zones of crystals, which is possibly due to the dissolution of phlogopite phenocrysts in the rising kimberlite melt. In addition to oxide minerals, djerfisherite is widely distributed in the groundmass of kimberlites of the Niilonsuo pipe, the composition of which for the rocks of the body has been described for the first time. The combination of features of oxide mineralization indicates unfavorable conditions for the preservation of diamonds during their transportation by kimberlite melt.

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