Positive control study for the intact immature Swiss-Webster mouse uterotrophic assay

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) caused by Moraxella bovis is commonly seen in the summer months spread by face flies. This trial investigated the difference in incidence of IBK cases from natural exposure between two groups of animals, one treated with Cypermethrin pour-on preparation (PON, n = 98) and one with Cypermethrin impregnated ear tags (TAG, n = 99). Daily Live Weight Gain (DLWG) difference was investigated between animals with cases and those without and between treatment groups. A randomised positive control study, enrolled 197 animals split into two treatment groups. Cases of IBK and DLWG were recorded over the grazing season (April–November 2018). Fifty-four cases of IBK were recorded. There was no association between the two treatment groups (p = 0.362) and case status. Breed and under 12 months old were significant factors for having a case; (OR 2.3, p = 0.014 and OR 3.5, p < 0.001 respectively). There was no difference in DLWG between animals that had a case and animals that had not (p = 0.739) or between the two treatment groups (p = 0.215). Based on our results, there is no significant difference between PON or TAG preparations in the prevention of IBK. Younger animals and white-faced breeds are significantly more likely to suffer with IBK.

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Haematological and histopathological effects of apigenin, phloretin and myricetin based on uterotrophic assay in immature Wistar female albino rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327114557903 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 755-768

Author(s):

N Barlas ◽

G Karabulut

Keyword(s):

Ethinyl Estradiol ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Immature Female ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Uterotrophic Assay

In this study, it is aimed to determine the histopathological and haematological effects of apigenin, phloretin and myricetin on Wistar immature female rats using Tier 2 of the uterotrophic assay. The female rats were divided into 17 groups with 6 rats in each group. There was a negative control group and positive control dose groups that contained 0.07 µg/kg/day, 0.7 µg/kg/day and 7 µg/kg/day of ethinyl estradiol (EE), 0.7 µg/kg/day 17α-ethinyl estradiol + 1 mg/kg/day tamoxifen and genistein. The other dose groups contain 1 mg/kg/day, 10 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day of apigenin, myricetin and phloretin. All chemicals had been given to Wistar immature female rats with oral gavage for three consecutive days. At the end of the study, blood samples were analysed for haematological parameters. Tissue samples that were taken from the liver, kidney, spleen and thyroid were histopathologically and histomorphometrically examined. There were no significant differences between oil control and other dose groups for glomerular histomorphometry. However, there were siginificant differences for thyroid histomorphometry. Especially, 10 and 100 mg/kg/day of phloretin dose groups had a siginificant increase in colloid surface area in thyroid compared with the 1 mg/kg/day of phloretin and oil control groups. Significant histopathological changes (congestion, degeneration, fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration) were noted in the tissue specimens obtained from the treatment groups compared with the control group. According to the results of the haematological analysis of the groups, especially the values of erythrocytes and haematocrit were increased significantly in most of the dose groups according to the oil control group.

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Validation of the intact rat weanling uterotrophic assay with notes on the formulation and analysis of the positive control chemical in vehicle

Journal of Applied Toxicology ◽

10.1002/jat.1544 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 694-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rochelle W. Tyl ◽

Melissa C. Marr ◽

Sherri S. Brown ◽

Emily A. Dolbow ◽

Christina B. Myers

Keyword(s):

Positive Control ◽

Uterotrophic Assay ◽

Control Chemical

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Identification of drugs associated with reduced severity of COVID-19: A case-control study in a large population

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.68165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel Israel ◽

Alejandro A Schäffer ◽

Assi Cicurel ◽

Ilan Feldhamer ◽

Ameer Tal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Large Population ◽

Positive Control ◽

Case Control ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

P Value ◽

Exact Test ◽

Control Study

Background: Until COVID-19 drugs specifically developed to treat COVID-19 become more widely accessible, it is crucial to identify whether existing medications have a protective effect against severe disease. Towards this objective, we conducted a large population study in Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare provider in Israel, insuring over 4.7 million members. Methods: Two case-control matched cohorts were assembled to assess which medications, acquired in the last month, decreased the risk of COVID‑19 hospitalization. Case patients were adults aged 18-95 hospitalized for COVID-19. In the first cohort, five control patients, from the general population, were matched to each case (n=6202); in the second cohort, two non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive control patients were matched to each case (n=6919). The outcome measures for a medication were: odds ratio (OR) for hospitalization, 95% confidence interval (CI), and the p‑value, using Fisher's exact test. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple testing. Results: Medications associated with most significantly reduced odds for COVID-19 hospitalization include: ubiquinone (OR=0.185, 95% CI (0.058 to 0.458), p<0.001), ezetimibe (OR=0.488, 95% CI ((0.377 to 0.622)), p<0.001), rosuvastatin (OR=0.673, 95% CI (0.596 to 0.758), p<0.001), flecainide (OR=0.301, 95% CI (0.118 to 0.641), p<0.001), and vitamin D (OR=0.869, 95% CI (0.792 to 0.954), p<0.003). Remarkably, acquisition of artificial tears, eye care wipes, and several ophthalmological products were also associated with decreased risk for hospitalization. Conclusions: Ubiquinone, ezetimibe and rosuvastatin, all related to the cholesterol synthesis pathway were associated with reduced hospitalization risk. These findings point to a promising protective effect which should be further investigated in controlled, prospective studies. Funding: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, NCI.

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Association of Irisin Circulating Level with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Case-Control Study

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-0723-3749 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 129 (01) ◽

pp. 36-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nafez Abu Tarboush ◽

Nakhleh E Abu-Yaghi ◽

Laith H Al Ejeilat ◽

Rawand K. Abdel Wahed ◽

Issa N Jeris

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Diabetes Development ◽

Study Participants ◽

Control Study

AbstractObesity and obesity induced type 2 diabetes development and progression have been associated with sedentary lifestyle. Irisin, a newly discovered myokine, has been demonstrated at lower levels in obese and type 2 diabetes patients compared to controls. The main aim of this study is to explore association of Irisin with diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 233 healthy and adults participated in this study. Participants were divided into four categories: a healthy control group and an age-match subset of patients with type 2 diabetes; a positive control group of patients with type 2 diabetes not affected by DR (No DR); and patients with type 2 diabetes affected by DR (non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR)). Plasma samples were quantified for Irisin measurement, lipid profile and HbA1c. Comparison of the age-matched groups of healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes revealed lower Irisin plasma level in type 2 diabetes group. Analyses revealed negative correlations of Irisin to HbA1c and LDL levels and positive correlation to HDL level. Comparing Irisin level in No DR and DR groups revealed a higher level in No DR group and analysis per DR classification indicated higher Irisin level in NPDR group. Our results demonstrate not only correlation of plasma Irisin level with DR stages, but also significantly different Irisin level among them. This is promising in terms of researching Irisin as a potential associating marker for type 2 diabetes and DR development and progression.

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nA double-blinded positive control study comparing the relative efficacy of 2.5% polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) against triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) in the management of middle carpal joint lameness in racing Thoroughbreds.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103780 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103780

Author(s):

Leigh Travis de Clifford ◽

Jason Nicholas Lowe ◽

Campbell Duirs McKellar ◽

Catherine McGowan ◽

Florent David

Keyword(s):

Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Positive Control ◽

Relative Efficacy ◽

Polyacrylamide Hydrogel ◽

Carpal Joint ◽

Double Blinded ◽

Control Study

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Comparison of localization of metallothionein in tissues of metallothionein-deficient mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141585 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 1042-1043

Author(s):

H. Nishimura ◽

R Nishimura ◽

D.L. Adelson ◽

A.E. Michaelska ◽

K.H.A. Choo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Binding ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Squamous Epithelium ◽

Rabbit Antiserum ◽

Slight Modification ◽

Positive Control ◽

Heavy Metal Binding ◽

Critical Organ ◽

Metal Binding Protein ◽

Deficient Mice

Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich heavy metal binding protein, has several isoforms designated from I to IV. Its major isoforms, I and II, can be induced by heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and, are present in various organs of man and animals. Rodent testes are a critical organ to Cd and it is still a controversial matter whether MT exists in the testis although it is clear that MT is not induced by Cd in this tissue. MT-IV mRNA was found to localize within tongue squamous epithelium. Whether MT-III is present mainly glial cells or neurons has become a debatable topic. In the present study, we have utilized MT-I and II gene targeted mice and compared MT localization in various tissues from both MT-deficient mice and C57Black/6J mice (C57BL) which were used as an MT-positive control. For MT immunostaining, we have used rabbit antiserum against rat MT-I known to cross-react with mammalian MT-I and II and human MT-III. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted by the method described in the previous paper with a slight modification after the tissues were fixed in HistoChoice and embedded in paraffin.

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