Assessment of nestin biomarker in ladies with breast malignant growth

A basic concept for the automatic diagnosis of histo-pathological specimen is presented. The algorithm is based on tissue structures of the original organ. Low power magnification was used to inspect the specimens. The form of the given tissue structures, e. g. diameter, distance, shape factor and number of neighbours, is measured. Graph theory is applied by using the center of structures as vertices and the shortest connection of neighbours as edges. The algorithm leads to two independent sets of parameters which can be used for diagnostic procedures. First results with colon tissue show significant differences between normal tissue, benign and malignant growth. Polyps form glands that are twice as wide as normal and carcinomatous tissue. Carcinomas can be separated by the minimal distance of the glands formed. First results of pattern recognition using graph theory are discussed.

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Urokinase Antigen in Plasma of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatoma

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660082 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 617-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J C Kirchheimer ◽

K Huber ◽

P Polterauer ◽

B R Binder

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Liver Function ◽

Matched Control ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Control Groups ◽

Impaired Liver Function ◽

Impaired Liver ◽

Specific Medication ◽

History Of

SummaryPlasma urokinase antigen levels were studied in 78 patients suffering from liver diseases. Blood was drawn before any specific medication was initiated. Impairment of liver function was comparable in all patients. In both groups of cirrhotic liver disease (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), normal levels of plasma urokinase antigen were found as compared to age-matched control groups. In both groups of patients with hepatomas (with or without a history of liver cirrhosis), however, significantly increased plasma urokinase antigen levels could be determined. These data indicate that an increase in plasma urokinase antigen might rather relate to malignant growth in liver disease than to impaired liver function.

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The Therapeutic and Diagnostic Value of Fluorine

Scientific Inquiry and Review ◽

10.32350/sir.41.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 17-29

Author(s):

Isma Attique ◽

Shabbir Hussain ◽

Muhammad Amjad ◽

Khalida Nazir ◽

Muhammad Shahid Nazir

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agent ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Vital Role ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Medical Field ◽

Active Nucleus ◽

Broad Application ◽

Tracer Atom

Fluorine has a useful positron transmitting isotope and it enjoys broad application in the medical field. It is utilized in fluorinated agents,therapeutic sciences and steroid field. Fluorine incorporation viafluoroalkylation is a useful approach in the development of new functional materials and in drug design. Fluorine also plays its role as an anticancer agent and is a successful chemotherapeutic agent for certain sorts of malignant growth. 5-fluorouracil plays a vital role in the treatment of cancer. 18 Facts as a radio label tracer atom in PET imaging. 19 F has the second most sensitive and stable NMR-active nucleus.

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Neurotransmitter systems of female mouse brain during growth of malignant melanoma modeled on the background of chronic pain

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/gm.2018.4.9749 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

О.И. Кит ◽

И.М. Котиева ◽

Е.М. Франциянц ◽

И.В. Каплиева ◽

Л.К. Трепитаки ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Female Mouse ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Course Of Disease ◽

The Brain ◽

Melanoma Growth

Известно, что биогенные амины (БА) участвуют в злокачественном росте, их уровень изменяется в ЦНС при болевом воздействии, однако исследований о сочетанном влиянии хронической боли (ХБ) и онкопатологии на динамику БА в головном мозге не проводилось. Цель: изучить особенности баланса БА в коре головного мозга в динамике роста меланомы, воспроизведенной на фоне ХБ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 64 мышах-самках, весом 21-22 г. Животным основной группы меланому В16/F10 перевивали под кожу спины через 2 недели после перевязки седалищных нервов. Группой сравнения служили мыши с меланомой без боли. Уровни БА: адреналина, норадреналина, дофамина (ДА), серотонина (5-НТ), гистамина, а также 5-ОИУК определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Результаты. У мышей с ХБ уменьшается содержание большинства БА, однако уровень ДА не изменяется. Метаболизм 5-НТ происходит с участием МАО. Развитие меланомы сопровождается увеличением содержания ДА и 5-НТ, тогда как МАО - ингибируется. Направленность сдвигов БА при развитии меланомы на фоне ХБ оказалась практически такой же, как и без неё. В то же время ХБ ограничивает накопление 5-НТ в коре мозга при меланоме, что сопровождается более агрессивным её течением. Выводы. ХБ ограничивает включение стресс-лимитирующих механизмов в головном мозге при развитии меланомы у мышей, что приводит к более агрессивному течению злокачественного процесса. Biogenic amines (BA) are known to be involved in malignant growth, and their CNS levels change in pain; however, there are no studies of combined effects of chronic pain (CP) and cancer on BA dynamics in the brain. Aim: To study features of BA balance in the cerebral cortex during melanoma growth associated with CP. Material and methods. The study included 64 female mice weighing 21-22 g. In the main groups, B16/F10 melanoma was transplanted under the skin of the back two weeks following sciatic nerve ligation. Mice with melanoma without pain were used as the control. Concentrations of BA: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), histamine and 5-HIAA were measured with ELISA. Results. Concentrations of BAs decreased in mice with CP although DA levels did not change. 5-HT metabolism involved MAO. The development of melanoma was accompanied by increases in DA and 5-HT whereas MAO was inhibited. The direction of BA changes during the development of melanoma was the same with and without CP. At the same time, CP with melanoma limited accumulation of 5-HT in the cerebral cortex, which resulted in even more aggressive course of cancer. Conclusion. CP restricted the activation of cerebral stress-limiting mechanisms during the development of melanoma in mice, which resulted in a more aggressive course of disease.

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Regulatory T cells promote glioma cell stemness through TGF-β–NF-κB–IL6–STAT3 signaling

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy ◽

10.1007/s00262-021-02872-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shasha Liu ◽

Chaoqi Zhang ◽

Boqiao Wang ◽

Huanyu Zhang ◽

Guohui Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Xenograft Model ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Cancer Stemness ◽

The Core ◽

Stat3 Signaling ◽

Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽

Tumorigenic Potential

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to the malignant growth of glioma, but little is known about the interaction between GSCs and tumor microenvironment. Here, we found that intense infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) facilitated the qualities of GSCs through TGF-β secretion that helped coordinately tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TGF-β acted on cancer cells to induce the core cancer stem cell-related genes CD133, SOX2, NESTIN, MUSASHI1 and ALDH1A expression and spheres formation via NF-κB–IL6–STAT3 signaling pathway, resulting in the increased cancer stemness and tumorigenic potential. Furthermore, Tregs promoted glioma tumor growth, and this effect could be abrogated with blockade of IL6 receptor by tocilizumab which also demonstrated certain level of therapeutic efficacy in xenograft model. Additionally, expression levels of CD133, IL6 and TGF-β were found to serve as prognosis markers of glioma patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a new immune-associated mechanism underlying Tregs-induced GSCs. Moreover, efforts to target this network may be an effective strategy for treating glioma.

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Macrophages and microglia: the cerberus of glioblastoma

Acta Neuropathologica Communications ◽

10.1186/s40478-021-01156-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alice Buonfiglioli ◽

Dolores Hambardzumyan

Keyword(s):

Tumor Cells ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Tumor Heterogeneity ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

Functional Roles ◽

The Brain

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadliest of the primary brain tumors, characterized by malignant growth, invasion into the brain parenchyma, and resistance to therapy. GBM is a heterogeneous disease characterized by high degrees of both inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Another layer of complexity arises from the unique brain microenvironment in which GBM develops and grows. The GBM microenvironment consists of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. The most abundant non-neoplastic cells are those of the innate immune system, called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs constitute up to 40% of the tumor mass and consist of both brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived myeloid cells from the periphery. Although genetically stable, TAMs can change their expression profiles based upon the signals that they receive from tumor cells; therefore, heterogeneity in GBM creates heterogeneity in TAMs. By interacting with tumor cells and with the other non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, TAMs promote tumor progression. Here, we review the origin, heterogeneity, and functional roles of TAMs. In addition, we discuss the prospects of therapeutically targeting TAMs alone or in combination with standard or newly-emerging GBM targeting therapies.

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Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4716

Author(s):

Francesco Ciscato ◽

Lavinia Ferrone ◽

Ionica Masgras ◽

Claudio Laquatra ◽

Andrea Rasola

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Aerobic Glycolysis ◽

Neoplastic Progression ◽

Malignant Growth ◽

Hexokinase 2 ◽

Genetic Ablation ◽

Contact Points ◽

Survival Pathways ◽

The Family ◽

Definition Of

Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family, mainly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. HK2 induction in most neoplastic cells contributes to their metabolic rewiring towards aerobic glycolysis, and its genetic ablation inhibits malignant growth in mouse models. HK2 can dock to mitochondria, where it performs additional functions in autophagy regulation and cell death inhibition that are independent of its enzymatic activity. The recent definition of HK2 localization to contact points between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum called Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs) has unveiled a novel HK2 role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Here, we propose that HK2 localization in MAMs of tumor cells is key in sustaining neoplastic progression, as it acts as an intersection node between metabolic and survival pathways. Disrupting these functions by targeting HK2 subcellular localization can constitute a promising anti-tumor strategy.

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