Maps in Minds: An Empirical Study

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Y Wong
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

The notion of a mental map implies that the spatial actor possesses some kind of internal mental ordering of the external environment that he consults in the process of making movement decisions or responding to environmental stimuli. The aim of mental-map studies is to elicit information about the environment from the individual in terms of the characteristics and locational relationship of spatial forms, the qualities attributed to environmental elements, as well as the preferences for and the evaluation of spatial opportunities. This paper is concerned only with the locational aspects of mental maps. A direct mapping method was employed to extract information on the way in which the spatial actor mentally structured the environment into a coherent picture. Analysis was focussed on map styles and map sophistication and their relationships with various characteristics of the respondents. Findings indicate a strong inclination towards the sequential-type maps, which are organised around major paths. This implies that most residents conceive of the city as a set of movement experiences. Most maps produced are lacking in detail, pointing to a low legibility of environmental elements in the study area. Map styles and map sophistication show statistically significant relationships with the respondents' sex, education, occupation, and income, but not with their age, length of residence, and mode of transport. The results are generally in congruence with research findings in Western cities.

scholarly journals The detection of cholera vibrios in Calcutta waters: the River Hooghly and canals

1960 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Abou-Gareeb
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Enrichment Medium ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Continuous Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Biochemical Examination

1. Before undertaking a bacteriological survey of the waters of the Hooghly River and the associated canals a detailed epidemiological study over the past 20 years of cholera, as it affected the individual administrative wards of Calcutta, was undertaken. Sampling points were selected in accordance with the results of this study. Samples of water from the various points were collected at intervals extending from December 1958 to August 1959 in 2½–5 l. amounts. The whole sample in each case was filtered through special filter pads. The pads were first cultured in an enrichment medium from which plate cultures were subsequently made for colony isolation, serological and biochemical examination.2. The sampling points on the canals were all adjacent to areas where the local endemicity was judged to be high; other points were by bathing ghats, etc. A total of eighty-nine samples covering all the sampling points were examined and Vibrio cholerae were isolated from twelve of these samples, eight of which came from twenty-six samples collected from two sampling points on the Chetla and Circular Canals, respectively.3. The positive isolations were spread fairly evenly over the whole period of the study which covered both epidemic and non-epidemic periods including the monsoon. Although the incidence of cholera in Calcutta may fall to a low level during non-epidemic periods cases continue to occur throughout the year and the relationship of the maintenance of the infection in the city to the continuous potential infectivity of the open natural waters of Calcutta is discussed.

scholarly journals Careers Boundaries in the Arts in Brazil: An Exploratory Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Bendassolli ◽  
Thomaz Wood
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Artistic Career ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Do So

Over the last years the scholarly literature on careers has been enriched by the proposal of new career models which present a rhetoric that asks for the end of career boundaries: individual, hierarchical, organizational and geographical. However, in the real world, many constrains continue to exist. This paper tries to contribute to the understanding of the new boundaries of the 21st century careers. To do so we look at the case of careers in the arts. We review existing literature on careers, present a historical, contextual perspective of artistic careers, and conduct field work in the city of São Paulo based on in-depth interviews with 18 Brazilian artists from nine different occupations in the field of arts, whose data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Our results show that career boundaries exist even in a sector we could consider as historically boundaryless . We identify and discuss four boundaries of the artistic career, seeking to reflect on the importance of considering the relationship of the individual and the context in which he/she operates in order to understand careers today.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIFE AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR ECONOMIC SELF-DETERMINATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-170
Author(s):  
В.П. Позняков
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Openness To Change ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Представлены результаты теоретико-эмпирического исследования взаимосвязей смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности предпринимателей и показателей их экономического самоопределения. Результаты корреляционного анализа показали наличие множественных статистически значимых связей смысложизненных ориентаций предпринимателей с показателями их экономического самоопределения. Наибольшее число обнаружили шкалы «Процесс жизни или интерес и эмоциональная насыщенность жизни» и «Локус контроля - жизнь или управляемость жизни». Высокая значимость ценностей, объединенных Ш. Шварцем в блоки «открытость изменениям» (самостоятельность и стимуляция) и «самовозвышение» (власть и достижения), в сочетании с высокой значимостью ценности «гедонизм», которая, по Шварцу, составляет отдельный блок и включает элементы как открытости изменениям, так и самовозвышения, которые положительно коррелируют с показателями экономического самоопределения, характеризующимися позитивными оценками своей деловой активности и динамики ее изменения, отношения к конкуренции и риску, собственных возможностей в повышении успешности своего бизнеса и успешности своей предпринимательской деятельности. Результаты исследования подтверждают правомерность рассмотрения смысложизненных и ценностных ориентаций личности в качестве факторов самоопределения предпринимателей. The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the interrelationships of the meaning-life and value orientations of the individual entrepreneurs and the indicators of their economic self-determination. The results of the correlation analysis showed the presence of multiple statistically significant relationships between the meaning-of-life orientations of entrepreneurs and indicators of their economic self-determination. The scales "Life process or interest and emotional saturation of life" and "Locus of control - life or manageability of life" found the greatest number of correlations with indicators of economic self-determination. The high importance values, the United Schwartz block "openness to change" (self-direction and stimulation) and "self-exaltation (power and achievement) combined with high significance values "hedonism", which, according to Schwartz, is a separate unit, and includes elements of both openness to change and self-exaltation, is positively correlated with indicators of economic self-determination, characterized by positive assessments of their business activity and the dynamics of its changes, the relationship of competition and risk, their own opportunities to increase the success of their business and the success of their business activities. The results of the study confirm the validity of considering the meaning of life and value orientations of the individual as factors of self-determination of entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Mental map and spatial thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sonia Maria Vanzella Castellar ◽  
Paula Cristiane Strina Juliasz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Basic Features

The spatial thinking is a central concept in our researches at the Faculty of Education of University of São Paulo (FE-USP). The cartography is fundamental to this kind of thinking, because it contributes to the development of the representation of space. The spatial representations are the drawings – mental maps – maps, chart, aerial photos, satellite images, graphics and diagrams. To think spatially – including the contents and concepts geographical and their representations – also corresponds to reason, defined by the skills the individual develops to understand the structure, function of a space, and describe your organization and relation to other spaces. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of mental maps in the development of concepts of city and landscape – structuring concepts for school geography. The purpose is to analyze how students in Geography and Pedagogy – future teachers – and young children in Early Childhood Education think, feel, and appropriate these concepts. The analys is indicates the importance of developing mental map in activities with pedagogy and geography graduate student to know that students at school can be producers of maps. Cartography is a language and allows the student to develop the spatial and temporal relationships and notions such as orientation, distance and location, learning the concepts of geographical science. Mental maps present the basic features of the location such as the conditions – the features verified in one place – and the connections that is to understand how this place connects to other places.

scholarly journals ELEMEN FISIK PEMBENTUK PUSAT KOTA JEPARA BERDASARKAN PETA MENTAL MASYARAKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bagas Ramadan ◽  
Suzana Ratih Sari ◽  
Edward E. Pandelaki
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
City Center ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Physical Element ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
The City ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract: City’s imagery formation consist of physical elements that can be seen in terms of function, location, shape, magnitude, uniqueness, character. The exploratory of image forming elements is one of the important keys to get a positive image of the city. By using the community mental map method based on Lynch's theory, this study is expected to be able to purify the elements that make up the image of Jepara city that are built through people's perceptions, experiences, imagination and feelings. This study used qualitative research with exploration method, in order to understand the physical elements forming the city center, since the informant must freely provide an understanding of the meaning of the object that would represent the physical element forming the center of Jepara. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the physical elements forming the central image of the city of Jepara are physical elements formed through the of the objects that make up the physical elements forming the image of the city of Jepara which are are arranged through physical objects Alun - Alun, Pendopo, SCJ (Jepara Culinary Place), Kaliwiso Bridge, Kaliwiso River, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Wolter Monginsidi, Chinatown.Keywords: Physical elements, mental maps, Jepara Abstrak: Pembentukan citra dari kota dibangun elemen fisik yang dapat dilihat dari segi fungsi, lokasi, bentuk, besaran, keunikan, karakter. Penggalian elemen pembentuk citra merupakan salah satu kunci penting untuk mendapat citra yang positif dari kota. Jepara merupakan kota dalam proses berkembang menguatkan citra dalam kotanya. Dengan menggunakan metode peta mental masyarakat berdasarkan teori Lynch, penelitian ini diharapkan akan dapat mengerucutkan elemen yang menjadi pembentuk citra kota Jepara yang dibangun melalui persepsi, pengalaman, imajinasi dan perasaan masyarakatnya. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara eksplorasi,karena untuk memahami elemen fisik pembentuk pusat kota informan harus secara bebas memberikan pemahaman makna terhadap obyek yang akan mewakili elemen fisik pembentuk pusat kota Jepara. Berdasarkan pada hasil analisis maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa elemen fisik pembentuk citra pusat kota jepara adalah Elemen fisik dibentuk melalui fungsi atau cara kerja dari obyek – obyek yang menyusun elemen fisik pembentuk citra kota jepara. Elemen fisik pembentuk citra pusat kota jepara disusun melalui obyek – obyek fisik  Alun - Alun, Pendopo, SCJ(Tempat Kuliner Jepara), Jembatan Kaliwiso, Sungai Kaliwiso, Jalan Brigjen Katamso, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Wolter Monginsidi, Pecinan.Kata Kunci: Elemen fisik, peta mental,  Jepara.

scholarly journals PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE COMUNIDADES RURAIS DO SEMIÁRIDO DO NORDESTE: o caso das comunidades do entorno do reservatório de Pilões/RN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Francisco André Ananias ◽  
Josiel De Alencar Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Environmental Representation ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Relationship Of

ENVIRONMETAL PERCEPTION OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEAST SEMIARID: the case of the communities around of the Pilões reservoir (Rio Grande do Norte State)PERCEPCIÓN AMBIENTAL DE COMUNIDADES RURALES DEL SEMIARIDO DEL NORDESTE: caso de las comunidades del entorno del embalse de Pilões (RN)No semiárido nordestino, os reservatórios desempenham um importante papel na vida social e econômica das cidades e comunidades rurais. No município de Pilões (RN), o reservatório público local enfrenta no atual momento escassez hídrica, realidade vivenciada pela maioria dos municípios localizados no semiárido potiguar. Este trabalho objetiva estudar a relação dos moradores de três comunidades rurais situadas no entorno desse manancial. A metodologia empregada consistiu na aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, que visou delinear o perfil socioeconômico da amostragem pesquisada e explorar as relações socioambientais dos entrevistados, e também a produção de mapas mentais, a partir do encontro com os moradores das comunidades. Os resultados permitiram conhecer a percepção e as relações socioambientais desenvolvidas nas comunidades e aspectos do cotidiano que demonstram afinidade e dependência em relação ao reservatório. Os moradores das comunidades têm consciência de que suas atitudes podem afetar de alguma forma, a qualidade ambiental. Os mapas mentais produzidos por eles mostraram-se eficientes ao revelarem as particularidades inerentes à vivência do lugar, ao unir os processos sensoriais aos mentais, tendo como produto uma representação sociocultural do lugar, rica de estilos de vidas.Palavras-chave: Representação Ambiental; Mapa Mental; Reservatório.ABSTRACTIn the northeastern semiarid region, reservoirs play an important role in the social and economic life of cities and rural communities. In the Pilões (Rio Grande do Norte State) municipality, the local public reservoir is currently facing water scarcity, a reality experienced by most of the municipalities located in the semi-arid region of Potiguar. This paper aims to study the relationship of the residents of three rural communities located around this reservoir. The methodology used consisted of the application of a semistructured questionnaire, which aimed to delineate the socioeconomic profile of the surveyed sample and to explore the socioenvironmental relations of the interviewees, as well as the production of mental maps, based on the encounter with the residents of the communities. The results allowed to know the perception and socioenvironmental relations developed in the communities and everyday aspects that show affinity and dependence in relation to the reservoir. Community residents are aware that their attitudes can affect environmental quality in some way. The mental maps produced by them proved to be very effective in revealing the peculiarities inherent in the experience of the place. It was possible to unite the sensorial processes to the mental ones, having like product a sociocultural representation of the place, rich of lifestyles and symbologiesKeywords: Environmental Representation; Mental Map; Reservoirs.RESUMENEn el noreste semiárido, embalses desempeñan un papel importante en la vida social y económica de las ciudades y las comunidades rurales. En el municipio de Pilões (Estado del Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil), el embalse público local se enfrenta en la actualidad la escasez de agua, la realidad experimentada por la mayoría de los municipios de la región semiárida Potiguar. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación de los residentes de tres comunidades rurales situadas alrededor de esta fuente. La metodología consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario semi-estructurado, que tiene por objeto describir el perfil socio-económico de la muestra encuestada y explorar las relaciones sociales y ambientales de los entrevistados, y también en la producción de mapas mentales, a partir de reunirse con residentes de la comunidad. Los resultados mostró las relaciones de percepción y ambientales desarrollados en las comunidades y aspectos de la vida cotidiana que demuestran afinidad y la dependencia en el embalse. Los residentes de las comunidades son conscientes de que sus actitudes pueden afectar de alguna manera, la calidad del medio ambiente. Los mapas mentales producidos por ellos demostraron ser muy eficiente en la revelación de las peculiaridades inherentes a experimentar el lugar. Fue posible combinar los procesos sensoriales para mental, con el producto de una representación sociocultural del lugar, estilos de vida ricos y simbologías.Palabras clave: Representación Ambiental; Mapas Mentales; Embalses.

Pedestrian Traffic Planning and the Perception of the Urban Environment: A French Example

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Traffic Planning ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metric Topology ◽  
The City

Planning pedestrian traffic in the city involves a better understanding of pedestrians' behavior and their perception of the urban environment. Lynch's (1961) studies proposed a qualitative method. An alternative method, essentially quantitative, is proposed here: pedestrians surveyed are asked to locate on a paper some well-known landmarks (six in all). Distances between each pair of them are measured. The model allows (1) interpretation of the degree of agreement between mental maps, and (2) a study of the ‘mean’ map. Perception seems to make space more symmetrical. Distortions can be explained by two effects: differences in transportation modes, and a particular knowledge of the neighborhood. The mental map recovered through multidimensional scaling is compared with the topographic one. It does not have the metric topology.

Wenn stadtpolitische Bewegungen das Terrain des Staats betreten

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Diesselhorst
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
City Government ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article discusses the struggles of urban social movements for a de-neoliberalisation of housing policies in Poulantzian terms as a “condensation of the relationship of forces”. Drawing on an empirical analysis of the “Berliner Mietenvolksentscheid” (Berlin rent referendum), which was partially successful in forcing the city government of Berlin to adopt a more progressive housing policy, the article argues that urban social movements have the capacity to challenge neoliberal housing regimes. However, the specific materiality of the state apparatus and its strategic selectivity both limit the scope of intervention for social movements aiming at empowerment and non-hierarchical decision-making.

CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL PREFERENCES IN PEDAGOGICAL DYNASTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
N. V. SHAMANIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Professional Preferences ◽  
Parent Child

The article raises the issue of the relationship of parent-child relationships and professional preferences in pedagogical dynasties. Particular attention is paid to the role of the family in the professional development of the individual. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between parent-child relationships and professional preferences.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

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