Migration and Housing Tenure in South East England

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
The South ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Data Source ◽  
South East England ◽  
The Relationship

A substantial literature has developed regarding the relationship between migration and housing tenure in Britain. It has been argued that, although those moving into council (public sector) housing are more likely to move than those moving into owner-occupied housing, administrative controls restrict potential population movement into council housing over long distances. Others have criticised this argument suggesting that council residents are typically individuals who are less likely to migrate over long distances regardless of the administrative restrictions imposed upon them. Accordingly, it is important to control for individual characteristics before the independent effect of tenure on mobility can be determined. This paper is a report of an investigation of this relationship in the South East of England, in which the Sample of Anonymised Records, a unique individual-level British data source for this type of study, were used. The study continues with a consideration of the influence of housing on migration into the South East from the North of Britain for those in manual and nonmanual occupations.

scholarly journals HA NOI – HUE – SAI GON IN TERRITORY EXPANSION TOWARD THE SOUTH AND UNIFICATION OF THE COUNTRY (1069–1802)

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6E) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Quang Ngọc
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Early History ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
The Relationship

Vietnam is a country of an early history establishment with three archaeological centres: Dong Son in the North, Sa Huynh in the Central, and Oc Eo in the South. In the long history, these three centres unite and gather into a unified block, step by step, becoming a mainstream development trend. By the eleventh century, Thang Long capital (Hanoi) is a typical representative, the starting point for the course of advancement to the South of the Vietnamese. Later, Phu Xuan (Hue) from the fourteenth century and Gia Dinh (Saigon) from the seventeenth century directly multiply resources, deciding the success of the course of territory expansion and determining the southern territory of the nation Dai Viet – Vietnam in the middle of the eighteenth century. The Tay Son movement at the end of the eighteenth century starts unifying the country, but the course is not completed with numerous limitations. The mission of unifying the whole country is assigned back to Nguyen Anh. Nguyen Anh continually builds Gia Dinh into a firm basement for proceeding to conquer the imperial capital of Hue and the citadel Thang Long, completing the 733-year journey to expand the southern territory (1069–1802) and unifying the whole country into a single unit. Hanoi – Hue – Saigon in the relationship and mutual support has become the three pillars that determine all successes throughout the long history and in each stage of expansion and shaping of territory and unification of the country.

scholarly journals Wage Equalization and Regional Misallocation: Evidence from Italian and German Provinces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Boeri ◽  
Andrea Ichino ◽  
Enrico Moretti ◽  
Johanna Posch
Keyword(s):  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
The South ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
The North ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Italy and Germany have similar geographical differences in firm productivity – with the North more productive than the South in Italy and the West more productive than the East in Germany – but have adopted different models of wage bargaining. Italy sets wages based on nationwide contracts that allow for limited local wage adjustments, while Germany has moved toward a more flexible system that allows for local bargaining. We find that Italy exhibits limited geographical wage differences in nominal terms and almost no relationship between local productivity and local nominal wages, while Germany has larger geographic wage differences and a tighter link between local wages and local productivity. As a consequence, in Italy, low productivity provinces have higher non-employment rates than high productivity provinces, because employers cannot lower wages, while in Germany the relationship between non-employment and productivity is significantly weaker. We conclude that the Italian system has significant costs in terms of forgone aggregate earnings and employment because it generates a spatial equilibrium where workers queue for jobs in the South and remain unemployed while waiting. If Italy adopted the German system, aggregate employment and earnings would increase by 11.04% and 7.45%, respectively. Our findings are relevant for other European countries.

scholarly journals On the spatial segregation of helicity by inertial waves in dynamo simulations and planetary cores

2018 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 268-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Davidson ◽  
A. Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Inertial Waves ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Planetary Cores ◽  
Local Wave ◽  
Wave Flux ◽  
The Relationship

The distribution of kinetic helicity in a dipolar planetary dynamo is central to the success of that dynamo. Motivated by the helicity distributions observed in numerical simulations of the Earth’s dynamo, we consider the relationship between the kinetic helicity, $h=\boldsymbol{u}\boldsymbol{\cdot }\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\times \boldsymbol{u}$, and the buoyancy field that acts as a source of helicity, where $\boldsymbol{u}$ is velocity. We show that, in the absence of a magnetic field, helicity evolves in accordance with the equation $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}h/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}t=-\unicode[STIX]{x1D735}\boldsymbol{\cdot }\boldsymbol{F}+S_{h}$, where the flux, $\boldsymbol{F}$, represents the transport of helicity by inertial waves, and the helicity source, $S_{h}$, involves the product of the buoyancy and the velocity fields. In the numerical simulations it is observed that the helicity outside the tangent cylinder is predominantly negative in the north and positive in the south, a feature which the authors had previously attributed to the transport of helicity by waves (Davidson & Ranjan, Geophys. J. Intl, vol. 202, 2015, pp. 1646–1662). It is also observed that there is a strong spatial correlation between the distribution of $h$ and of $S_{h}$, with $S_{h}$ also predominantly negative in the north and positive in the south. This correlation tentatively suggests that it is the in situ generation of helicity by buoyancy that establishes the distribution of $h$ outside the tangent cylinder, rather than the dispersal of helicity by waves, as had been previously argued by the authors. However, although $h$ and $S_{h}$ are strongly correlated, there is no such correlation between $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}h/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}t$ and $S_{h}$, as might be expected if the distribution of $h$ were established by an in situ generation mechanism. We explain these various observations by showing that inertial waves interact with the buoyancy field in such a way as to induce a source $S_{h}$ which has the same sign as the helicity in the local wave flux, and that the sign of $h$ is simply determined by the direction of that flux. We conclude that the observed distributions of $h$ and $S_{h}$ outside the tangent cylinder are consistent with the transport of helicity by waves.

Buddhism in the history of China in Southern and Northern kingdoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Leonid Yangutov ◽  
Marina Orbodoeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Jin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
North And South

The article is devoted to the history of Buddhism in China during the period of the Southern and Northern Kingdoms (Nanbeichao, 386-589). The features of the development of Buddhism in the North and South are shown. Three aspects were identified: 1) the attitude of emperors of kingdoms to Buddhism; 2) the relationship of the state apparatus and the Buddhist sangha; 3) the process of further development of Buddhism in China in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, formed on the basis of the traditional worldview. It was revealed that Buddhism in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, both in the North and in the South, developed with the traditions of Buddhism of the Eastern Jin period to the same extent.

Black Migration, White Flight

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Platt Boustan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
White Flight ◽  
World War ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This chapter presents new causal evidence on the relationship between black arrivals to cities and white departures, a trend referred to as “white flight.” The simultaneity of black in-migration from the South and white relocation to the suburbs, both of which peaked from 1940 to 1970, suggests that the two population flows may be related. This chapter uses variation in the timing of black in-migration to the seventy largest cities in the North and West to distinguish white flight from other causes of suburbanization. It argues that while white suburbanization was primarily motivated by economic forces, including rising incomes, new highway construction, and the falling cost of credit in the decades after World War II, white departures from the city were also, in part, a reaction to black in-migration.

Marriage Litigation in the Western Church, 1215–1517

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang P. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Church Courts ◽  
The North ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

From the establishment of a coherent doctrine on sacramental marriage to the eve of the Reformation, late medieval church courts were used for marriage cases in a variety of ways. Ranging widely across Western Europe, including the Upper and Lower Rhine regions, England, Italy, Catalonia, and Castile, this study explores the stark discrepancies in practice between the North of Europe and the South. Wolfgang P. Müller draws attention to the existence of public penitential proceedings in the North and their absence in the South, and explains the difference in demand, as well as highlighting variations in how individuals obtained written documentation of their marital status. Integrating legal and theological perspectives on marriage with late medieval social history, Müller addresses critical questions around the relationship between the church and medieval marriage, and what this reveals about both institutions.

scholarly journals Using Household Surveys and Other Secondary Data to Assess the Need for and Impacts of Micronutrient Interventions (FS01-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Adams ◽  
Stephen Vosti ◽  
Hanqi Luo ◽  
Justin Kagin ◽  
Reina Engle-Stone
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
The South ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The North

Abstract Objectives Given the scarcity of nationally-representative dietary intake data in most low- and middle-income countries, our objective was to compare estimates of micronutrient (MN) intake and predicted MN intervention effectiveness generated using household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) and other secondary data vs individual-level 24-hr dietary recalls (24HR), focusing on vitamin A (VA) in children and iron in women of reproductive age (WRA). Methods We calculated “apparent” food consumption using HCES data from Cameroon and applied the adult male equivalent method to estimate individual-level food intake. For children, intake was matched with food composition data to calculate VA intake, inadequate intake, and, combined with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, effective coverage (shift from inadequate to adequate intake) of VA interventions. For WRA, we combined DHS data with HCES estimates of fortifiable food intake to predict cases of iron deficiency anemia averted. Results were compared to those generated by modeling data from a national 24HR survey. Results Mean apparent VA intake among children 6–59 mo from HCES data was similar to 24HR estimates for non-breastfed children (206 vs 215 µg RAE/d) and followed the same sub-national pattern (highest in the South macro-region, followed by the cities, and lowest in the North). Prevalence of inadequate intake was also similar (64% vs 59% nationally). Both data sources predicted effective coverage was highest for VA supplements, micronutrient powders, and oil fortification (Fig. 1). Preventive iron supplements to WRA was predicted to avert a relatively high proportion of anemia based on both the 24HR (24–62% of cases of anemia averted in the cities, 15–26% in the North, and 12–57% in the South) and secondary data (28–60%, 17–37%, and 27–56%). Iron-fortified wheat flour (60 ppm) and bouillon cubes (600 ppm) were predicted to avert few cases of anemia among WRA (< 7% and < 3%, respectively) in all macro regions. Conclusions Where dietary intake data are unavailable, secondary data may be useful for identifying effective MN interventions. Challenges include uncertainty about intrahousehold food distribution, MN intake from breastmilk, and combining multiple secondary data sources. Funding Sources This study is based on research funded by a grant to UC Davis from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Entrepreneurs’ individual-level resources and social value creation goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brieger ◽  
Dirk De Clercq
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Value Creation ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of how the interplay of individual-level resources and culture affects entrepreneurs’ propensity to adopt social value creation goals.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 12,685 entrepreneurs in 35 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, it investigates the main effects of individual-level resources – measured as financial, human and social capital – on social value creation goals, as well as the moderating effects of the cultural context in which the respective entrepreneur is embedded, on the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals.FindingsDrawing on the resource-based perspective and Hofstede’s cultural values framework, the results offer empirical evidence that individual-level resources are relevant for predicting the extent to which entrepreneurs emphasise social goals for their business. Furthermore, culture influences the way entrepreneurs allocate their resources towards social value creation.Originality/valueThe study sheds new light on how entrepreneurs’ individual resources influence their willingness to create social value. Moreover, by focussing on the role of culture in the relationship between individual-level resources and social value creation goals, it contributes to social entrepreneurship literature, which has devoted little attention to the interplay of individual characteristics and culture.

Recognition and paleoclimatic implications of late-Holocene glaciation on Mt Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Brook ◽  
Vince E. Neall ◽  
Robert B. Stewart ◽  
Rob C. Dykes ◽  
Derek L. Birks
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Southern Alps ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The South ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Positioning ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence for the timings of inter-hemispheric climate fluctuations during the Holocene is important, with mountain glacier moraine systems routinely used as a proxy for climate. In New Zealand such evidence for glacier expansion during the late Holocene is fragmentary and is limited to glaciers in a narrow zone within the Southern Alps. Here, we present the first evidence for late-Holocene glacier expansion on the North Island of New Zealand in the form of two unconsolidated debris ridges on the south side of the stratovolcano, Mt Taranaki/Mt Egmont, at ~1920 m a.s.l. The two ridges are aligned north–south along the western and eastern sides of a small basin (Rangitoto Flat), which is formed between the main Taranaki cone (to the north), and the parasitic cone of Fanthams Peak (to the south). The approximate age of the ridges is constrained by dated eruptive events and the relationship between ridge locations and the spatial positioning of adjacent volcanic landforms. We propose the ridges formed as two lateral moraines on the margins of a cirque glacier during the final construction phase of Fanthams Peak between 3.3 and 0.5 ka BP, during late-Holocene time. This time interval accords with published cosmogenic 10Be dating of moraine-building episodes in the Southern Alps, indicating the Mt Taranaki moraines are a response to the same regional climatic forcings.

The Identities of the Second Intermediate Period Dynasties in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-202
Author(s):  
Bieke Mahieu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
The South ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The composition of and the relationship between the Second Intermediate Period dynasties are still unclear. The present study proposes that Egypt is united during the first half of Dynasty 13 but divided following Merneferra Ay. The Middle Kingdom wꜥrwt system is applied to this division: late Dynasty 13 rules the District of the South (centered at Itjtawy), Dynasty 15 rules the District of the North (centered at Avaris), and Dynasty 16 the District of the Head of the South (centered at Thebes). Dynasty 14 consists of a conglomeration of kinglets in the Delta contemporary with Dynasty 15. Dynasty 17 evolves from the Thinite subdistrict and takes over half of the territory of Dynasty 16, at the end of the reign of Nebiryrau I. The number of kings for each dynasty can be reconstructed on the basis of a combination of the data in Manetho and in the Turin King List.

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