Wheat genotypes differ in potassium efficiency under glasshouse and field conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 816 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Damon ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Potassium Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Main Factor

A novel approach to the sustainable management of potassium (K) resources in agro-ecosystems is through better exploitation of genetic differences in the K efficiency of crop plants. Potassium efficiency is a measure of genotypic tolerance to soils with low potassium availability and can be quantified as the K efficiency ratio (the ratio of growth at deficient and adequate K supply). This study investigated the magnitude of variation in K efficiency among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in a glasshouse and in the field. Genotypes differed significantly in response to low soil K availability in terms of shoot biomass during the vegetative growth phase and grain yield at maturity under glasshouse (144 genotypes) and field (89 genotypes) conditions. K-efficient and K-inefficient genotypes were identified. The main factor determining K efficiency for grain yield was the capacity of genotypes to maintain a high harvest index (grain yield/total shoot weight) at deficient K supply. Genotypes that had reduced harvest index under deficient K supply were K-inefficient. Capacity to tolerate low concentrations of K in shoot tissue where K supply was deficient was also important in determining K efficiency for grain yield. Potassium-efficient genotypes have the potential to enhance the productivity and sustainability of cereal cropping systems.

DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN IN WHEAT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK M. McMULLAN ◽  
PETER B. E. McVETTY ◽  
AILEEN A. URQUHART
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Dry matter and nitrogen (nitrate and reduced) accumulation and redistribution in four different spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at field density were studied on a plant part and whole plant basis over the growing season for 2 yr. The four cultivars displayed significant differences in plant part and total plant dry matter, harvest index, nitrogen content, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen translocated values at most sample dates in both years. Grain yield was highly correlated with dry matter accumulation (r = 0.88**), while grain nitrogen content was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content (r = 0.95**). Nitrogen harvest index and plant nitrogen content were correlated at anthesis (r = 0.61**), while, as a consequence of this, the amount of nitrogen translocated was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content at anthesis (r = 0.87**). Nitrogen harvest index and harvest index were highly correlated (r = 0.83**), indicating that they may be related processes. Since plant dry matter and plant nitrogen content were not significantly correlated, it should be possible to select simultaneously for these traits to effect grain yield and grain nitrogen content increases on a per-plant basis. Further research will have to be done to determine how these changes will relate to grain nitrogen concentrations and grain yield per unit area.Key words: Wheat, dry matter, nitrogen, yield, protein, Triticum aestivum L.

HARVEST INDEX AS A SELECTION CRITERION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SPRING WHEAT CROSSES GROWN AT TWO POPULATION DENSITIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Densities

The use of harvest index as a selection criterion for grain yield in F2 populations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at two population densities was investigated. Harvest index was useful in delineating yield differences between lines for both crosses. The F4 lines selected in F2 for a high harvest index yielded about 9% more per plot in 1978 than F4 lines having a low harvest index in F2. Generally, lines selected at the higher commercial seeding rate yielded more than lines selected at the lower plant density. In 1979, a heavy Fusarium infection reduced the mean grain yield of the F6 lines and suppressed any significant response to selection resulting from population density and harvest index in F2. While selection based on high harvest index at low population density can be used to select higher yielding plants it was not as effective as selection at high population density which more closely approximates commercial crop densities. Additional research is needed before the use of harvest index as a selection tool in wheat breeding programs can be recommended for use in Atlantic Canada.

scholarly journals Correlation and path coefficient analysis among yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Koshraj Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Positive Direct

To assess correlation and to find out the direct and indirect effect of yield attributing traits on grain yield, thirty wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were experimented at Kamalamai-04, Phant, of Sindhuli district, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in alpha-lattice design with three replications. Thirteen quantitative traits including grain yield of wheat were studied during this study. The grain yield of wheat has significant (P≤0.01) and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of spikes per meter (0.6**, 0.47**), grains per spike (0.69**, 0.65**), weight of grains per spike (0.69**, 0.61**), thousand kernel weight (0.87**, 0.74**), maturity days (0.5*, 0.47**), above ground mass yield (0.96**, 0.83**) and  harvest index (0.93**, 0.64**) of wheat. The genotypic correlation is higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation for almost all the studied traits. Path analysis of genotypic correlation showed a high positive direct effect of plant height (0.75), above ground biomass (0.6), spike length (0.43), and harvest index (0.29) on grain yield of wheat. Hence, for increasing yield of wheat in the breeding program, selection and hybridization can be made more effective and accurate by using those a significant positive correlation coefficient and direct effect on the grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Effects of age of seedling and nitrogen rates in the nursery bed on growth, yield and yield components of BRII dhan52 under submerged condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Shompa Rani Debnath ◽  
Md Sultan Uddin Bhuiya ◽  
M Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Mahboob Karim ◽  
ABM Shafiul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to December 2013 in the aman season to investigate the effect of age of seedling and nitrogen rates in the nursery bed on growth, yield and yield components of BRRI dhan52. The experiment comprised of three ages of seedlings viz., 30, 35 and 40 day old and four nitrogen rate N1-N@50 kg ha-1, N2-N@75 kg ha-1, N3-N@100 kg ha-1, N4-N@125 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Age of seedling showed significant differences for shoot weight, survivor, no. grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield and straw yield. The highest root weight (0.072 gm-2), plant height (108 cm), total tillers hill-1 (8.22), effective tillers hill-1 (7.03), non-effective tillers hill-1 (1.19), survivor (95.1%), grains panicle-1 (106.2), grain yield (5.57 t ha-1), straw yield (6.26 t ha-1) and harvest index (0.47%) were found by transplanting 40 day old seedlings. The highest shoot weight (0.53 gm-2), 1000 grain wt. (25.3g) was found by transplanting 35 day old seedlings and 30 day old seedlings produced highest sterile spikelets (28.9) and panicle length (23.8 cm). Nitrogen rate in the nursery showed significant differences for shoot weight, root weight, survivor, plant height, total tillers hill-1, effective tillers hill-1, non-effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, grains panicle-1, grain yield and straw yield. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 gave higher plant height (108 cm) and harvest index (0.47%). On the other hand, application of 75 kg N ha-1 produced highest non–effective tillers hill-1 (1.0), grains panicle-1 (100.7), 1000 grain weight (25.3 g) and harvest index (0.47%). Application of 100 kg N ha-1 gave highest total tillers hill-1 (7.85), effective tillers hill-1 (6.85), non–effective tillers hill-1 (1.0), survivor (90.5%) and grain yield (5.01 t ha-1). Application of 125 kg N ha-1 gave highest panicle length (23.75 cm), grains panicle-1 (100.7), non–effective tillers hill-1 (1.0) and sterile spikelets (30.1). Forty day old seedlings grown with 100 kg N ha-1 at nursery found to be better in respect of grain yield. The result of the experiment also showed that aged seedlings regenerated quickly after desubmerge of water.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 261-269, August 2015

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON GRAIN YIELD, STRAW YIELD AND HARVEST INDEX OF EIGHT SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Rate Interaction

Eight cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were evaluated at seeding rates of 110, 270 and 430 seeds/m2 in a total of nine experiments spanning three locations, two dates of seeding and 2 yr. Grain yield exhibited a significant cultivar × experiment × linear response to seeding rate interaction. Grain yield of Pitic 62 showed a significant decrease with increased seeding rate in one experiment while giving the greatest increase in another. Over all experiments, the highest seeding rate gave the highest grain yield. For straw yield, Chester showed the greatest response to seed rate, Canuck the least. With the exception of Canuck, which showed a significant increase in harvest index with increased seeding rate, harvest index tended to be greater at the intermediate seeding rate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Integrated Farming of Rice and Duck on Rice Grain Yield in Gilan, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Mofidian ◽  
Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Minor Factor ◽  
Panicle Weight ◽  
Main Factor

In order to evaluate integrated farming of rice and duck on rice grain yield, an experiment was performed on Oryza sativa L. in Gilan, Iran in 2013. This experiment was performed based on factorial split and it was also according to plan of randomized complete block (RCB) in three replications. In this experiment the main factor of duck was between two levels (by presence of duck and without presence of duck) and the minor factor was the factorial combination of weeding levels (weeding on the releasing day of ducks and not weeding on the releasing day of ducks); and also the planting spaces were 20×20 cm, 25×25 cm, 30×30 cm.The results of the analysis of variance show that the presence of duck in a rice field causes increasing in plant height, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, weight of thousands grains, harvest index (HI) and grain yield. In total, results and statistics show that using duck in rice fields causes increasing in grain yield and consequently it increases farmer’s income and also reduction of using agricultural pesticides and protecting the environment.

scholarly journals Ekmeklik Buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Verim ve Verim Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Ali Cevat Sonmez ◽  
Murat Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Spike Number

In wheat cultivation, sowing frequency is one of the crucial agronomic applications affecting grain yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of application of different sowing frequency (350, 500, 650 and 800 seeds m-2) for bread wheat cultivars (Alpu 01, Atay 85, Bezostaja 1, Harmankaya 99, Sönmez 01 and Sultan 95) on yield and yield components. Trials was carried out in Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Eskişehir central campus fields during at 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop seasons in irrigated and rain fed conditions with 3 replications in randomized complete blocks design. In this study, the factors such as grain yield, number of spike per square meter, spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index were examined in terms of sowing frequency applications and cultivars in both conditions. As a result, the maximum grain yield was obtained from 650 seeds m-2 in rainfed conditions and this value was obtained from the application 500 seeds m-2 in irrigated conditions. Harmankaya_99 variety reached the highest values in terms of grain yield in both conditions and followed this by Alpu01 variety. In both conditions spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index parameters decreased inversely with increasing sowing frequency, while the number of spike number per square meter increased in direct proportion to increased sowing frequency. In rainfed conditions while there was a positive correlation between the grain yield with number of spike per square meter and harvest index, there was negative correlation among grain yield with spike length, number of grain per spike and weight of grain per spike. There was found significant positive correlation between grain yield with spike length and harvest index in irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals Line × tester Study in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Important Biochemical and Morphological Traits

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Lokendra Singh ◽  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
F1 Generation

: Using line × tester analysis, the current research analyses parental genotypes and their combinations in normal conditions and identifies the genes influencing yield characteristics. In the present study, 15 diverse genotypes, including 10 lines, 5 testers, and 50 F1s hybrids, were evaluated for 13 morphological and 2 biochemical traits. A suitable location was taken to study the effect of 15 characters. The results exposed that ability mean squares were significant for all studied additive and non-additive components. In this direction, the general combining ability of PBW-343, DBW-39, K-402, K-1317, KRL-210, and K-68 were higher than the remaining parents. For morphological traits like yield, the top five crosses were described based on SCA effects, namely, HD-3086 × HD-3171, K-402 × K-9107, K-1317 × K-9107, HD-2967 × K-0307 and K-402 × K-68 in F1 generation. In addition, the high value of heritability was estimated for plant height (77.32%), spike length (32.26%), biological yield/plant (59.52%), and grain yield/plant (68.76%). However, the moderate values of heritability were estimated for days to maturity (22.78%) and phenol color reaction (18.00%). The higher genetic advance was not found for recorded characters; however, a moderate genetic advance was recorded for grain yield per plant (13.15%) and harvest index (11.72%). High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was recorded for two characters grain yield per plant and harvest index in F1 and F2 generations.

scholarly journals Reduction of Rhizoctonia Bare Patch in Wheat with Barley Rotations

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Schillinger ◽  
T. C. Paulitz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Bare Patch ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
No Till ◽  
Hard White Wheat

Rhizoctonia bare patch caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 is a major fungal root disease in no-till cropping systems. In an 8-year experiment comparing various dryland no-till cropping systems near Ritzville, WA, Rhizoctonia bare patch first appeared in year 3 and continued unabated through year 8. Crop rotation had no effect on bare patch during the first 5 years. However, from years 6 to 8, both soft white and hard white classes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a 2-year rotation with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) had an average of only 7% of total land area with bare patches compared with 15% in continuous annual soft white wheat or hard white wheat (i.e., monoculture wheat). In years 6 to 8, average grain yield of both soft white wheat and hard white wheat were greater (P < 0.001) when grown in rotation with barley than in monoculture. Although both classes of wheat had less bare patch area and greater grain yield when grown in rotation with barley, monoculture hard white wheat was more severely affected by Rhizoctonia than soft white wheat. Soil water levels were higher in bare patches, indicating that roots of healthy cereals did not grow into or underneath bare patch areas. This is the first documentation of suppression of Rhizoctonia bare patch disease in low-disturbance no-till systems with rotation of cereal crops.

Yield improvement and associated characteristics of some Australian spring wheat cultivars introduced between 1860 and 1982

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Perry ◽  
MF D'Antuono
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Twenty-eight Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars representing a series from the 1860s to 1982, were grown in 20 field trials over four years in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The cultivars included introductions and selections made before 1900, plus important cultivars bred or grown in Western Australia up to 1982. Five of the latter group were from crosses including semidwarf cultivars as parents. Grain yields were measured on all trials, and six trials were also sampled for biomass and yield components.Based on the regression of mean grain yield versus the number of years elapsed since 1884, yields have increased from 1022 kg ha-1 in 1884 to 1588 kg ha-1 in 1982. This represents a rate of increase of 5.8 kg ha-1 year-1 or 0.57% per year. Regression of cultivar yield on site mean yield gave values of b, the slope of the regression, from 0.66 to 1.24, and these were higher for modern than for old cultivars.In six trials sampled for yield components, above-ground biomass appeared to have increased slightly when comparing early selections and their derivatives with later cultivars, but over 80% of the overall increase in grain yield was due to increase in harvest index. Grains per car and grains m-2 were strongly and positively correlated with grain yield, but there were weak negative correlations between 1000-grain weight and yield, and between 1000 grain weight and years since 1884. Cultivars with a semi-dwarf background had equal biomass, but higher yield, harvest index, ear number m-2 and grains ear-2 than modern tall cultivars. The results show that genetic improvement has substantially increased yield potential in this environment and that this has been achieved through substantial increases in grain number m-2 associated with an improvement in harvest index.

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