Diurnal and daily changes in the excretion of urinary silica by Merino sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urinary Calculus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Changes

Urine collected at 2-hr intervals over a 24-hr period from a group of five sheep fed on the same diet in five different ways showed considerable fluctuations in volume, pH, and silica concentration. pH values ranged from 7.8 to 4.8, and silica concentration from 830 to 110 µg/ml. The latter appeared to be inversely related to urine volume, which reached a maximum c. 12 hr after feeding. Urine collected at 24-hr intervals for 10 consecutive days from eight sheep showed marked variations in silica concentration and specific gravity. These variations appeared to be inversely related to urine volume, and silica concentration seemed to be influenced also by daily variations in total silica excretion. Considerable differences were found in the mean values for different sheep. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to siliceous urinary calculus formation.

Silica metabolism of the Merino sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Particulate Silica ◽  
Total Excretion

Diets of wheat or oat grain with or without chaff, mixtures of all three, and a diet of chaff, oats, and bran with and without lucerne chaff were fed to sheep for the purpose of determining silica metabolism on diets approximating those in the field. These diets supplied from 0.08 to 16.6 g silica per day. Silica digestibilities and balances showed marked positive and negative values, which were considered to be due to variable retention in, or passage of particulate silica from, the rumen. The mean urinary silica excretion on wheat was 22 and 25 mg/day and oats 126 and 163 mg/day for two levels of feeding. Values for wheat plus chaff and oats plus chaff were respectively 190 and 224 mg/day and for mixed diets from 169 to 205 mg/day. No relationship between total urinary silica excretion and apparent absorption of silica was observed, but excretion seemed dependent on silica intake up to a level of about 8 g/day. Beyond this intake, urinary excretion plateaued at approximately 200 mg/day. Urine volumes on wheat grain diets were greater than on the corresponding oat grain diets, and these in turn were greater than on the mixed diets. The combined effects of urine volume and total excretion of silica resulted in urinary silica concentrations of 30 and 32 µg/ml on wheat grain diets, 255 and 336 µg/ml on oat grains, 266 µg/ml on wheat plus chaff, 419 µg/ml on oats plus chaff, and 421–728 µg/ml on mixed diets. A hyperbolic relationship between silica concentration and volume of urine, similar to one obtained in field studies, and also one between specific gravity and volume of urine were demonstrated. These findings are discussed in relation to the absorption and excretion of silica and the formation of siliceous urinary calculi.

Urinary excretion of silica by grazing sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle ◽  
JM Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Concentration Of Urine

Two series of field collections were undertaken to determine the excretion of silica, chloride, and various cations in grazing sheep, and the specific gravity and surface tension of their urine, and to assess the significance of these items in siliceous urinary calculus formation. Collections were made on four occasions in each series at intervals of 3 months, when urine was collected for three consecutive 24-hr periods from groups of 10 ewes. The concentration of urine fluctuated seasonally in both series, and was related inversely to urine volume and directly to environmental temperature. During summer and autumn the urinary silica concentration was significantly greater in an area 'affected' with urolithiasis than in the coastal plain, which is unaffected; and of the observations made, urine concentration was the only one which might account for the difference in incidence of fatal urolithiasis. In the second series, the mean urinary silica excretion in the affected area in September, December, March, and June was respectively 164, 95.3, 76.2, and 100 mg/ day, and the faecal excretion was 6.0, 14.6, 20.5, and 19.3 g/day, which suggests a greater availability of silica in green than in dry feed. Urine nitrogen ranged from 15.5 g/day in the flush of spring growth to 6.6 g/day in autumn. A hyperbolic relationship was found between urine silica concentration and urine volume, the point of inflexion occurring at a urine volume of about 600 ml/day. The significance of this observation and the excretion of a concentrated urine are discussed in relation to silica and mucoprotein precipitation.

scholarly journals Changes in selected physicochemical parameters of breast muscles of geese from Polish conservation flocks depending on duration of the post slaughter period

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okruszek ◽  
J. Książkiewicz ◽  
J. Wołoszyn ◽  
G. Haraf ◽  
A. Orkusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. In four Polish conservative flocks of Suwałki (Su), Kartuzy (Ka), Kielce (Ki) and Subcarpathian (Sb) geese, registered by FAO as domestic genetic resources the mean values of qualitative traits of breast muscles (pH15', pH30', pH45', pH24h; colour parameters: L*15', L*30', L*45', L24h, a*15', a*30', a*45', a*24h, b*15', b*30', b*45', b*24h and conductivity: EC45', EC3h, EC24h) were determined. The experimental flocks showed significant variations in the investigated parameters. The Kartuzy goose breast muscles were characterized by higher values of pH15' (6.74), pH30' (6.62), pH45' (6.56) and b*15' parameter (0.80) in comparison with the remaining flocks. Moreover, these muscles had the lowest pH24h (5.65) and values of L* parameter (L*15', L*30', L*45' and L*24h) and EC45' (3.23 mS/cm). The pH value and L* and a* parameters (except L*24h and a*24h) of the analysed flocks were decreasing, and conductivity increasing together with the time post slaughter, and the rate of changes depended on the birds’ origin. Greater differences between pH values, measured 15 min and 24 h after slaughter were stated in breast muscles from Ka (1.09) and Su (0.90) geese than from the other two flocks investigated (Ki – 0.74; Sb – 0.58). The highest increase in conductivity (from EC45' to EC24h) was affirmed in Ka and Ki muscles (3.84 mS/cm) and the lowest in breast muscles of Sb geese (2.72 mS/cm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the pH and titratable acidity of teas commercially available in Brazilian market

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Bello Flores LUNKES ◽  
Lina Naomi HASHIZUME
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVE: Tea has been considered a healthy alternative to other industrialized beverages. The objective of this study was to assess the erosive potential of teas commercially available in Brazil by pH and titratable acidity measures. METHODS: Eighteen teas available in Brazilian market were selected for this study (read to drink and brewed tea), and a brand of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Each product was analyzed for pH and titratable acidity. For comparison between different kinds of teas, the Student t test was used. RESULTS: The mean pH values for ready to drink teas ranged between 2.89 and 4.03, while for the brewed teas and yerba mate the values ranged between 6.75 and 7.89. The difference between the two groups was significant (p < 0.05). Regarding titratable acidity, the ready to drink teas showed mean values ranging between 3.77 ml and 12.68 ml. Brewed teas (including yerba mate) were not tested for titratable acidity because their pH values were greater than 7.0. CONCLUSION: Among the teas commercially available, ready to drink teas have lower pH values and higher titratable acidity compared to other teas. It suggests that they have an erosive potential.

Distribution and Evolution of Bacteria on Lamb Carcasses During Aerobic Storage

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL PRIETO ◽  
MARÍA L. GARCÍA ◽  
MARÍA R. GARCÍA ◽  
ANDRÉS OTERO ◽  
BENITO MORENO
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Mean

The change of bacterial counts during storage life of chilled (3±1°C) lamb carcasses was determined by sampling at 0, 5, 10, and 15 d postslaughter and at the spoilage time. Three sites (neck, brisket, and leg) of each carcass were sampled using three sampling methods (swabbing, scraping, and excision of the swabbed and scraped areas). After slaughter, mean count of mesophiles (30°C) was 4.96 log10 CFU/cm2. The initial mean count of psychrotrophs (7°C) expressed as a percentage of the mean count of mesophiles was 33.4%. The mean values of mesophiles and psychrotrophs associated with spoilage were 7.4 log10/cm2 and 7.95 log10/cm2, respectively. Carcasses always had pH values above 5.8 and kept unspoiled 23–29 d. Brisket and leg were the most contaminated areas. Percentages of bacteria recovered by scraping were higher than those obtained by swabbing (ca. 20%). Bacterial counts were significantly affected by day of storage (p&lt;0.001), sampling point (p&lt;0.001), and temperature of incubation (p&lt;0.05). Interaction between sampling day and sampling site was also observed.

scholarly journals Some physiochemical properties of Acacia honey from different altitudes of the Asir Region in Southern Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mohammed Elimam Ahamed ◽  
Alfifi Abdallah ◽  
Aamadawi Abdalaziz ◽  
Alfaifi Mohammad Y ◽  
Elbehairi Serag Eldin I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asir Region ◽  
Different Altitudes

The physiochemical properties of six Acacia honey samples taken from three different altitudes in the Asir region were determined. The means of all the studied parameters were within the international standards and were comparable to previous studies (0.11 ± 0.08% for ash, 10.93 ± 1.97% for water, 3.56 ± 0.19 for pH, 38.63 ± 17.17 meq/kg <br /> for acidity, 659.51 ± 324.98 μS/cm for conductivity, and 1.45 ± 0.02 for specific gravity). Comparison of the mean values of the parameters at the different altitudes revealed gradual increases with increasing altitude, except for ash and specific gravity. Significant differences were seen in ash and water percentages, acidity, and conductivity. While the mean values of the studied physiochemical properties of the Acacia honey samples were within the ranges of international standards, the honey produced at high altitudes exhibited variable physiochemical properties.

Reproductive biology of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Part 1: oestrous cycle characterisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce M. Swinbourne ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Tina Janssen ◽  
Alan Lisle ◽  
Tamara Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Southern hairy-nosed wombats (SHNWs: Lasiorhinus latifrons) do not breed well in captivity. To better understand their reproduction, daily urine samples were collected from nine captive females and analysed for volume (mL), specific gravity and a qualitative index of the number of epithelial cells, then stored at −20°C until samples could be analysed for progesterone metabolites (P4M). The mean oestrous cycle length was 35.1 ± 2.4 days; however, individual cycle length ranged from 23 to 47 days. The mean luteal phase length was 20.8 ± 1.3 days (range: 12 to 33 days). Urinary P4M was divided into four oestrous cycle stages: (1) early follicular phase, (2) late follicular phase, (3) early luteal phase, (4) late luteal phase, and analysed against urinary characteristics. During the late follicular phase, urine volume decreased (P = 0.002) while urine specific gravity (P = 0.001) and concentration of epithelial cells (P = 0.004) both increased. The level of variability in oestrous cycle length suggests that some captive females may exhibit abnormal cycles; however, the changes in the urinary characteristics associated with the different stages of the oestrous cycle appear to offer a possible non-invasive means of monitoring the reproductive status of captive SHNWs.

scholarly journals Influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms invitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
M. J. Ranilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Micro Organisms

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as fumarate concentration increased from 0 to 10 mm. Propionate and acetate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of fumarate. In contrast,l-lactate and NH3-N concentrations in the cultures were not affected (P>0·05) by the addition of fumarate. For all substrates, fumarate treatment decreased (P<0·05) CH4production, the mean values of the decrease being 2·3, 3·8 and 4·8 % for concentrations of 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate respectively. Addition of fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) the total gas production. If the results of the present experiment are confirmedin vivo, fumarate could be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH, acetate and propionate production and it decreased CH4production.

scholarly journals Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Ameliorates the Overactive Bladder: A Prospective Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yung-Chin Lee ◽  
Shu-Mien Chuang ◽  
Kun-Ling Lin ◽  
Wei-Chiao Chen ◽  
Jian-He Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
The Mean

Objective. In the present clinical trial, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LiESWT) on overactive bladder (OAB). Methods. Female subjects with ages of 20-75 years and who have been clinically diagnosed with OAB were included in the study. The LiESWT (DUOLITH SD1 T-TOP, AG) applicator was placed on the suprapubic skin area and applied with an intensity of 0.25 mJ/mm2, 3000 pulses, and 3 pulses/second. To assess the therapeutic efficacy, all subjects were required to complete the validated OAB symptoms and life bothersome questionnaires, 3-day urinary diary, uroflowmetry, and post-voided residual urine (PVR) measurement at 4 weeks of LiESWT (W4), 8 weeks of LiESWT (W8), 1-month follow-up (F1), and 3-month follow-up (F3) after LiESWT. Result. 82 subjects with the mean age of 56.5±1.2 years were enrolled. The questionnaire scores were significantly improved at W4, W8, F1, and F3 as compared to baseline data (W0). At W8, the mean values of functional bladder capacity were meaningfully increased. According to the 3-day urinary diary, daytime frequency, urgency, and nocturia were significantly decreased. The uroflowmetry results showed that the mean voided urine volume and the maximal flow rate (Qmax) were noticeably increased. PVR volume was also significantly decreased. Conclusions. The data demonstrated that 8-week LiESWT ameliorated the OAB symptoms, promoted the uroflow parameters, and improved the quality of life (QoL) in OAB patients, suggesting that LiESWT might serve as an alternative noninvasive therapy for OAB.

scholarly journals pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Câmara Barcellos ◽  
Alessandra Buhler Borges ◽  
Regina Célia dos Santos Pinto Silva ◽  
Luciana Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Cesar Rogério Pucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to measure pH changes during 14 days intracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide/sodium perborate. Materials and methods Twenty patients presenting endodontically treated central maxillary incisors with color alterations were divided in two groups (n = 10): Group CP + SP: 37% carbamide peroxide + sodium perborate paste; Group HP + SP: 30% hydrogen peroxide + sodium perborate paste. The pH values were measured using a digital microprocessor at different times: Baseline, 2, 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (á = 0.05). Results ANOVA showed p < 0.00 which indicated significant difference between the groups. The mean values (± sd) and the results of the Tukey's test were: HP + SP/14 days—7.98 (±0.58)a; HP + SP/7 days—8.59 (±0.18)b; HP + SP/2 days— 8.83 (±0.32)bc; HP + SP/Baseline—8.83 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/ Baseline—8.89 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/14 days—9.11 (±0.58)cd; CP + SP/7 days—9.54 (±0.16)de; CP + SP/2 days—9.66 (±0.08) de. The group HP + SP resulted in significantly lower pH values compared with group CP + SP. Conclusion It can be concluded that both associations showed alkaline pH values; however, there was significant reduction in the pH values of the 30% hydrogen peroxide associated with sodium perborate after 14 days. Clinical Significance The association of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide with sodium perborate paste presented alkaline characteristics during the 14-day evaluated period. Thus, regarding pH changes, both associations can be considered safe as intracoronal bleaching agents. How to cite this article Barcellos DC, Borges AB, Silva RCDSP, Ribeiro LM, Pucci CR, Torres CRG. pH-changes during Intracoronal Bleaching: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):109-113.

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