Changes in rumen fluid composition and in the rumen epithelium when wheat is introduced to the diet of sheep: the influence of wheat and hay consumption

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
VNE Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Per Se ◽  
High Lactate

The effects of the levels of wheat and of hammermilled hay fed to sheep on ruinen acidity and ammonia concentration were determined during the first 4 days of feeding wheat. Consumption of wheat reduced rumen pH, but the effect diminished with time, so that by day 4 it was not significant. Wheat intake also significantly (P < 0.05) increased rumen ammonia on day 1, but not during days 2-4. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations on day I were increased (P < 0.05) by wheat intake, the effect being less on later days. The proportion of acetate was reduced (all days). while propionate (days 1, 2 and 4) and butyrate (days 3 and 4) were increased by the consumption of wheat. Concentrations of lactate (mainly the D-isomer) increased after wheat was fed, although wheat level per se did not significantly affect lactate concentrations. Peak concentrations of lactate occurred on day 2 (18 m~ total lactate). Initially, consumption of hay decreased rumen pH and had little effect on ruman ammonia levels. By day 4, hay consumption was associated with increases in rumen pH and decreases in rumen ammonia levels (0.006 units and -0.05 mM per g hay dry matter (DM) respectively). Concentrations of VFA tended to be increased by hay consumption, but the proportions of the major VFAs were not affected. Hay intakes on day 4 were associated with reductions in rumen total lactate concentrations of 51 �M per g hay DM. Reduced total DM intakes of sheep eating ad libitum were associated with low rumen pH and high lactate concentrations. Microscopic lesions were observed on the rumen papillae of sheep 7 days after wheat was first fed. The extent of these lesions was reduced by hay intake, and was also related to the minimum pH observed.

scholarly journals Effects of sudden melon intake on ruminal parameters of non-adapted sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽  
Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽  
Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽  
Rodolfo Gurgel Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
High Lactate

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of varying amounts of melon with high sugar content offered to sheep without prior melon experience and that were not adapted to consuming it. We used 12 eight-month-old, rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep weighing 25 kg each. The animals received a base diet of roughage, and then half were randomly selected to have 25% of their diet replaced with melon (G25%) and the other half had 75% of their diet replaced with melon (75%). Ruminal fluid was collected before administration of melon and at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the administration of the fruit. Sheep from the G25% group presented volatile fatty acid ruminal acidosis (sub-acute) between 3 and 6 h after consumption. This acidosis was characterized by a rumen pH slightly lower than 5.6, increased discrete L-lactic acid content, and increased redox potential (RP) and methylene blue redox (MBR) time of the ruminal fluid. The G75% group presented lactic ruminal acidosis at T6h, characterized by a rumen pH lower than 5.0, high lactate-L content, increased RP and MBR time, and increased ruminal fluid osmolarity. Therefore, offering large amounts of melon (75% of dry matter (DM)) is not recommended but 25% of DM of this fruit can be used safely.

The effects of dietary fibre and starch concentrations on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
G. P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Acid Determination

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary fibre and starch levels on the response to condition score at calving. Fifty-two cows were used over two winter feeding periods, with 24 and 28 different cows in each. Twelve weeks before their expected calving date, cows were paired and the level of feeding adjusted to attain mean condition scores at calving of 2·0 (T) and 3·5 (F) within pairs. At calving, pairs of cows were allocated to treatment HF or LF, giving four groups in total. Each day for the first 16 weeks of lactation, all cows were offered 10 kg dairy concentrate containing either high-fibre/low-starch (FHF and THF), or low-fibre/high-starch (FLF and TLF), 2 kg sugar-beet pulp and hay ad libitum. Two cows from each group were used to determine apparent digestibility of the whole diet each year, using chromium III oxide as a faecal marker. Eight steers were used to determine the degradabilities of dry matter, nitrogen and fibre in the two concentrates and to provide rumen fluid samples for volatile fatty acid determination.

scholarly journals Observations on the microbiology and biochemistry of the rumen in cattle given different quantities of a pelleted barley ration

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Margaret Eadie ◽  
J. Hyldgaard-Jensen ◽  
S. O. Mann ◽  
R. S. Reid ◽  
F. G. Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Rumen Ph

1. Three heifers were changed from a diet of equal parts of hay and barley cubes (50:50 diet) to one entirely of barley cubes given in three equal feeds throughout the day. Feed intake was restricted to 80% of calculated appetite at the time of change and this percentage progressively decreased as the live weights of the animals increased.2. The change of diet had no significant effect on the volume of rumen fluid but the rate of outflow from the rumen was significantly lower on the barley diet than on the 50:50 diet.3. Animals on the restricted barley diet developed an exceptionally high rumen ciliate population and the bacterial population was shown by Gram films to include a number of organisms typical of roughage-fed animals. In culture, organisms of the genusBacteroideswere predominant but these appeared largely as cocco-bacilli in the Gram films. This microbial population was associated with a higher proportion of butyric acid than of propionic acid in the rumen fluid.4. Occasional fluctuations in ciliate populations occurred in all three heifers. Decreases in ciliate number were paralleled by increases in propionic acid and decreases in butyric acid but not necessarily by a fall in pH. Under these conditions Gram films showed increases in bacteriodes-type rods and in certain curved Gram-negative rods.5. Rumen ammonia concentrations were on average lower and showed a different diurnal pattern when ciliate numbers were reduced. Lactic acid concentrations were low and were not affected by the size of the ciliate population.6. When the three heifers were given the barley dietad lib. there was a decrease in rumen pH and a complete loss of rumen ciliates. The rumen bacterial population and the volatile fatty acid proportions were similar to those seen during decreases in ciliate number at the restricted level of intake. These changes also occurred in a fourth heifer which was changed fairly rapidly from the 50:50 diet to a restricted amount of the barley diet.7. Two steers which had never had access to roughage were changed fromad lib. to restricted intake of the barley diet and were later given an inoculum of rumen ciliates. The rumen microbial population and the pattern of fermentation so produced were similar to those found in the heifers on the restricted barley diet.8. Anomalous values were noted for total counts of rumen bacteria when free starch grains were present in the rumen fluid.9. It is concluded that large ciliate populations and high proportions of butyric acid can be produced in animals fed exclusively on a barley diet by suitable adjustment of the intake and the method of feeding. It is postulated that the ciliate population may be largely responsible for the high butyric acid concentrations.

Substitution of sorghum grain for molasses increases the liveweight gain of steers given molasses-based diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum grain was included in a basal diet of molasses (molasses 505, urea 21, sunflower meal 191, pangola grass hay 250, minerals 31 g/kg as fed) at rates of 0, 202, 391 and 707 g/kg, generating diets in which grain replaced 0 (diet A), 33 (diet B), 66 (diet C) and 100% (diet D) of the molasses and hay. The four diets were fed to groups of four Hereford steers (293–334 kg liveweight) over a 96-day period. One half of each treatment group was implanted with a growth promotant (zeranol), and all were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir at the end of the trial. The inclusion of 33% grain increased voluntary feed consumption, digestible dry matter (DM) intake (from 57·6 to 82·0 g digestible DM/kg0·75 per day and significantly increased liveweight gain from 592 to 900 g/day. Zeranol implantation also increased liveweight gain but not feed intake. Steers given only grain (diet D) had the highest liveweight gains (1127 g/day). The addition of grain to molasses diets decreased urinary N excretion and increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid. Molar proportions of propionic acid in total VFA increased from 0·15 to 0·20, and butyric acid decreased from 0·36 to 0·29 when 33% of the molasses was replaced by sorghum grain. The fat content (depth at sacral position) of the carcasses of steers given grain only (diet D) was significantly greater (14 mm) than that of steers given the basal diet of molasses (4 mm), and carcass fat contents were intermediate (10 and 11 mm) for steers given diets B and C respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of small amounts of grain in molasses-based diets increased cattle growth principally by increasing digestible energy intake without decreasing molasses intake, thus improving the efficiency of utilization of molasses in molasses-based diets.

A system for analysing the buffer system in the developing rumen of the young calf

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
A.I. Frost ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Young Calf ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Number Of Factors

The feeding of rapidly fermentable, high energy, diets to young calves stimulates a rapid development of microbial fermentation. High concentrate diets may not, however, stimulate a corresponding development of salivary flow (Kay, 1966). A number of factors affect the buffering system of ruminal contents, besides saliva, such as the concentration of the end products of fermentation and the rate at which these products are absorbed through the rumen epithelium (Turner and Hodgetts, 1955). Counotte, van Klooster, van der Kuilen and Prins (1979) presented the analysis of the buffer system in the rumen using the first derivative of the titration curve. The results showed that bicarbonate and VFA are the main chemical components of the buffer system in the rumen fluid of adult dairy cattle. The ability to buffer against potentially large deterimental fluctuations, ie rumen pH, may improve rumen stability and be benefical to stimulate solid food intake in the early weaned calf. The present experiment describes a system for analysing the buffer system in the developing rumen of the young calf.

Utilization of oaten hay by cattle: effects of milling and urea supplementation

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
NG Yates ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

Oaten hay in either long or milled form, with or without a continuous intra-ruminal infusion of urea at the rate of 160 g/d, was offered ad libitum to four rumen fistulated steers in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment. Milling increased dry matter intake from 49.2 to 65.4 g/kg LW0 75.d (P< 0.001) and decreased mean retention time from 66.7 to 54.2 h (P< 0.001). Rates of cellulose digestion and dry matter digestibilities were similar for long and milled hay. Urea increased dry matter intake (from 49.0 to 65.6 g/kg LW0 75.d; P< 0.001), dry matter digestibility (from 58.1 to 65.3%; P< 0.01) cellulose digestibility (from 48.5 to 63.1%; P< 0.01) and the rate of cellulose digestion (P< 0.001), and decreased mean retention time from 65.3 to 55.6 h ( P < 0.01). Digestible dry matter intakes increased 29% with milling and 52% with urea and the effects were additive. Urea increased digestible cellulose intake to a greater extent with milled hay (91 %) than with long hay (64%). Digestible dry matter intake was closely related to liveweight change. When urea was given liveweight gain was higher for milled hay than for long hay (0.69 vs 0.11 kg/head.d) and without urea liveweight loss was less for milled hay than for long hay (-0.07 vs -0.45 kg/head.d). Nitrogen digestibility and balance were significantly higher when urea was given. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher and rumen pH significantly lower with urea compared with no urea and with milled hay compared with long hay. Urea increased rumen-ammonia concentration from 1.65 to 19.68 mg1100 ml (P< 0.001) and total free bacterial concentration (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate significant and additive benefits from the administration of urea to hay containing 0.8% nitrogen and from milling through a screen size of 7.6 mm.

EFFECT OF BARLEY SUPPLEMENT TO THE RATION OF DONOR ANIMALS USED IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rumen fluid from two sheep was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 25 samples each from alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) and barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). The sheep were fed either a good quality hay ad libitum and 1 kg rolled barley per day, or only the hay ad libitum, in a switchback design. The in vitro dry matter digestibilities of both alfalfa hay and barley were lower (P < 0.01) when the donor animal was fed hay and barley than when fed only hay.

Effect of replacing rolled barley with swedes or potatoes on the intake and rumen volatile fatty acid composition of lambs

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
J. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Male Sheep

SUMMARYThe effect of gradually replacing barley with swedes or potatoes on intake of digestible dry matter and on the volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition of liquor was measured in an experiment with eight female and four castrated male sheep approximately six months old. The total intake of digestible dry matter was greatest when rolled barley was given at two-thirds of estimated maximal intake and roots given ad libitum. The intake of digestible dry matter was reduced to 80% of the highest intake when all the barley was substituted with swedes and to 70% of the highest intake when all the barley was substituted with potatoes. Replacing barley with roots had little or no influence on VFA composition.

A note on the nutritive value ofUlva lactucafor ruminants

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arieli ◽  
D. Sklan ◽  
G. Kissil
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Ram Lambs

An experiment was designed to test the value of Ulva lactuca, produced from an integrated mariculture project, using six Finn-Merino crossbred ram lambs. Diets consisted of concentrate with vetch hay for the control, with additional Ulva for the treatment diet. Measurements of digestibility of energy, volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen fluid, effective degradability of nitrogen in the rumen, rumen ammonia concentration and excretion of nitrogen in urine all indicated that Ulva could be categorized as a low-energy high-nitrogen foodstuff.

The effect of barley supplements on the voluntary intake and digestion of low quality roughages by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Lamb ◽  
J. Eadie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryOat straw, timothy straw and two field-cured hays (43·8, 47·3, 52·0 and 56·0% organic matter digestibility (OMD) and 0·56, 0·75, 1·00 and 1·41% N respectively) were fed ad libitum together with 0, 235, 470 and 705 g D.M. of rolled barley to 5-year-old North Country Cheviot wethers in four 4x4 Latin square designs (Expt 1). In an attendant study (Expt 2) of conditions with in the rumen four rumen fistulated wethers were offered daily 0, 200, 400 and 600 g D.M. of rolled barley with ad libitum hay (54·3% OMD, 1·45% N), also following a Latin square design.The voluntary intake of two of the hays (54·3 and 56·0% OMD) decreased progressively as the barley increased. Intakes of the other roughages were slightly increased when the lowest amount of barley was fed. For each roughage total organic-matter intake and the OMD of the ration increased progressively with increasing amount of barley consumed. No associative effects of barley on the OMD of the roughages were demonstrated. The acid-detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility of diets comprising the highest amount of barley with the oat straw and the field-cured hay of lowest N content were significantly lower than that of the respective all-roughage feeds. In Expt 2 the intake of increasing amounts of barley significantly reduced rumen pH, the molar proportion of acetic acid and the disappearance of hay and hay ADF from terylene bags within the rumen, while volatile fatty acid concentration and the molar proportion of butyric acid increased.Multiple regressions were obtained relating the change in roughage intake to the amount of barley fed and the digestibility and chemical composition of the roughages. The equation with the least error, explaining 88% of the variation, was Y= 30·561 — 0·615C — 21·453N±3·69, where Y is the change in roughage intake as a percentage of the intake of roughage fed alone, Cis barley intake as g OM/W0·73 and N is the nitrogen content of the roughage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document