Influence of salinity on ionic concentration and yield of three tropical grain legumes

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Keating
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Potential Level

The relationships between dry matter yield and ion concentration in three tropical grain legumes, viz. guar, cowpea and blackgram, were examined in soil salinized with a range of isosmotic levels of NaCl, CaCl2 and Na2SO4. The shoot yield of guar and cowpea was reduced to 50% of the control, at soil salt levels corresponding to electrical conductivities determined on saturated extracts (ECe,50%) of 11.8 and 11.6 dS m-1 respectively, the response being independent of the form of salt used. Both these species maintained low Na+ in shoots but accumulated moderate levels of Cl- in the presence of Cl- salts. The shoot yield of blackgram was less affected by CaCl2 salinity than NaCl salinity (i.e. ECe,50% = 13.6 dS m-1 compared with 8.8 dS m-1 respectively), whilst the growth response to Na2SO, was intermediate (ECe,50% = 10.8 dS m-1. Blackgram was found to accumulate large quantities of both Na+ (up to 1500 8mol g-1) and Cl- (up to 8 g-1) in shoot tissues. The use of isosmotic levels of different salts enabled the effects on growth of variation in ion concentration of shoots to be assessed, at the same potential level of water deficit. There was no evidence that ion excess was limiting growth of guar or cowpea, since large differences in ion concentration were not related to differences in dry matter yield. There was evidence that high ion concentrations in the shoots of blackgram, in particular high Na+ , limited growth under salinity stress. It is suggested that some benefit may be gained by searching for blackgram cultivars that accumulate less Na+ in shoots.

The Influence of Hydrogen-ion Concentration on Some Acid Resistant Bacteria

1938 ◽  
Vol 4a (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Living Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Fifty-three strains of bacteria have been isolated from acidulated brine. They are classified into Bacillus, Micrococcus, Sarcina, and Lactobacillus. Of these the Bacillus strains failed to grow at hydrogen-ion concentrations more acid than pH 6.20, while the Micrococcus and Sarcina forms showed a greater tolerance, producing limited growth from pH 5.22 to 5.64. Other workers describing wider limits for the genus Bacillus failed to allow for the change produced in the weakly buffered environment by the living cell. The microaerophilic Lactobacilli grew at pH 3.52. These aciduric types are not actively proteolytic.

Salt Tolerance Is Not Associated With the Sodium Accumulation of Two Maize Hybrids

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Cramer ◽  
GJ Alberico ◽  
C Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Na Transport ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Ion Concentrations

In this report, we test the hypothesis that Na+ accumulation in the shoot in maize is negatively correlated with salt tolerance. Salt tolerance is defined as a percentage of the control on a dry weight basis. Two hybrids (Pioneer hybrid 3578 and Pioneer hybrid 3772) differing widely in Na+ accumulation were compared. Plants were treated with two types of salinity for 15 days (80 mol m-3 NaCl or 80 mol m-3 NaCl plus 8.75 mol m-3 CaCl2). Ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl-) were measured in the roots, stalks, sheaths and leaves of plants harvested every third day. Ion concentrations were significantly affected by the treatments. Na+ and Cl- concentrations increased with salinity treatments; K+ and Ca2+ concentrations decreased. Supplemental Ca2+ increased Ca2+ and decreased Na+ concentrations. Hybrid 3772 maintained very low Na+ concentrations in the shoots, whereas 3578 did not. The largest distinction between the hybrids was in the ability to transport Na+ to the shoot; hybrid 3578 transported Na+ at twice the rate of hybrid 3772. In general, ion transport to the shoot appeared to be a function of root ion concentration. This model could account for the effects of NaCl salinity and supplemental Ca2+ on ion transport, although Na+ transport was complicated by an apparent reabsorption mechanism in the root and mesocotyl. The lack of correlation of Na+ accumulation in the shoot and other ion parameters with growth indicated that the mineral nutrition of the plants was not correlated with salt tolerance. It was concluded that the growth response of maize to salinity was primarily affected by osmotic factors.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Nitrogen Fertilization of Basil

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481a-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangappa ◽  
H.L. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Optimum N Rate ◽  
N Rates

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an important culinary herb in Virginia and other areas. The objective of this study, conducted during 1997, was to determine optimal N rate for fresh and dry matter yield. Seed of Broad Leaf sweet basil were direct-seeded on 18 June in rows 0.75 m apart in a RCBD design with 8 replications. Four N rates (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha) were used. Calcium nitrate (15.5% N) was used as the fertilizer source. All plants from 1-m row length from middle row of each plot were harvested by hand on 23 Sept. and fresh weights were recorded. The plant material was dried at 70°C for 48 h to record dry weights. The moisture content at harvest was calculated from fresh and dry weights. The fresh yields following 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg N/ha were 3.7, 5.4, 6.4, and 6.8 kg/m2, respectively. The yield difference between two highest N rates was not significant, however, both these rates had significantly higher yield than the two lowest rates. Similar results were also obtained for dry matter yields. The highest N rate of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher dry matter yield (1.3 kg/m2) as compared to the other three rates. The lowest dry matter yield was obtained after the control treatment (0.6 kg/m2). An opposite relationship between N rate and moisture content was observed when the highest moisture content resulted from control and 50 kg N/ha treatments. These results indicate that optimum N rate for sweet basil in Virginia is 50 to 75 kg/ha.

Diurnal Variation in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Dry Matter Yield and Overnight Losses in Harvested Alfalfa Forage 1

1973 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Knapp ◽  
D. A. Holt ◽  
V. L. Lechtenberg ◽  
L. R. Vough
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Effects of Seeding Rate on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Fall‐Grown Oat

cftm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne K. Coblentz ◽  
Jason S. Cavadini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate

Water‐phosphorus coupling enhances fine root turnover and dry matter yield of alfalfa under drip irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanshuai Liu ◽  
Junwei Zhao ◽  
Junying Liu ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Turnover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Fine Root Turnover

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks to Estimate Dry Matter Yield in a Guineagrass Breeding Program Using UAV Remote Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3971
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silva de Oliveira ◽  
José Marcato Junior ◽  
Caio Polidoro ◽  
Lucas Prado Osco ◽  
Henrique Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ground Truth Data

Forage dry matter is the main source of nutrients in the diet of ruminant animals. Thus, this trait is evaluated in most forage breeding programs with the objective of increasing the yield. Novel solutions combining unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision are crucial to increase the efficiency of forage breeding programs, to support high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), aiming to estimate parameters correlated to important traits. The main goal of this study was to propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach using UAV-RGB imagery to estimate dry matter yield traits in a guineagrass breeding program. For this, an experiment composed of 330 plots of full-sib families and checks conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazil, was used. The image dataset was composed of images obtained with an RGB sensor embedded in a Phantom 4 PRO. The traits leaf dry matter yield (LDMY) and total dry matter yield (TDMY) were obtained by conventional agronomic methodology and considered as the ground-truth data. Different CNN architectures were analyzed, such as AlexNet, ResNeXt50, DarkNet53, and two networks proposed recently for related tasks named MaCNN and LF-CNN. Pretrained AlexNet and ResNeXt50 architectures were also studied. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for training and testing the model. Estimates of DMY traits by each CNN architecture were considered as new HTP traits to compare with real traits. Pearson correlation coefficient r between real and HTP traits ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 for LDMY and from 0.60 to 0.76 for TDMY; root square mean error (RSME) ranged from 286.24 to 366.93 kg·ha−1 for LDMY and from 413.07 to 506.56 kg·ha−1 for TDMY. All the CNNs generated heritable HTP traits, except LF-CNN for LDMY and AlexNet for TDMY. Genetic correlations between real and HTP traits were high but varied according to the CNN architecture. HTP trait from ResNeXt50 pretrained achieved the best results for indirect selection regardless of the dry matter trait. This demonstrates that CNNs with remote sensing data are highly promising for HTP for dry matter yield traits in forage breeding programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document