Recombinant growth hormone in growing lambs: effects on growth, feed utilization, body and carcass characteristics and on wool growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Zainur ◽  
R Tassell ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
WR Dodemaide
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Recombinant Growth Hormone ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Gh

Groups of six crossbred lambs, three wethers and three ewes, about 22 kg liveweight (LW), were injected subcutaneously with 0, 50, 150 and 250 pg (kg LW) d a y 1 of recombinant DNA-derived bovine growth hormone (rebGH) for 60 days. From blood sampled twice weekly 4.5 h after injection, the mean plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) (P<0.01) and insulin (P<0.05) were significantly increased. The mean concentrations of GH were 2.9, 7.1, 9.4 and 8.8 8g/l, while insulin concentrations were 24.2, 29.5, 46.8 and 68.2 mU/l for the respective treatments. Maximum concentrations of plasma GH were recorded about 3 h after injection. Rates of liveweight gain were 180, 217,238 and 261 g/day (P<0.001), fccd conversion ratios were 5.71,4.97,4.66 and 4.05 g feed/g gain ( P < 0.001), and warm carcase weights were 14.4, 16.4, 16.6 and 16.8 kg (P < 0.0 1) for the respective treatments. The linear change in warm carcase weights became a quadratic response (P<0.05) when adjusted to an empty body weight (EBW) of 28.8 kg. Wool growth was not affcctcd by treatments. Of the non-carcase components, major organs including the head (P<0.01), feet (P<0.05), heart (P<0.05), liver and gallbladder (P < 0.05), reticula-rumen (P < 0.05), omasum (P<0.05) and blood (P<0.01) showed linear increases in weight with increasing dosage of rebGH, but no significant differences when data were adjusted to a standard EBW. The chemical composition of the carcase showed that crude protein increased linearly (P<0.001) with increasing doses of rebGH. When adjusted to 28.8 kg empty body weight, there was 16.0�/o more carcase protein (P<0.01) with 250 than with 0 8g (kg LW)-1 day-1 of rebGH.

EFFECTS OF PINEALECTOMY, CONSTANT LIGHT AND DARKNESS ON GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS IN THE PITUITARY AND PLASMA OF THE RAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RELKIN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Plasma Gh

SUMMARY The effects of constant light, constant darkness, and diurnal lighting, in combination with pinealectomy or sham pinealectomy, on pituitary and plasma concentrations of radio-immunoassayable growth hormone (GH) were investigated in 23- to 24-day-old male rats. In addition, the effects on pituitary, accessory sex organ, testes, adrenal and body weights, as well as tail length, were measured. Three days after operation random groups of pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized animals were placed in either continuous light, continuous darkness or diurnal light, and killed 28–29 days later. Analysis of the results revealed that the sham-pinealectomized group exposed to constant darkness differed from the other five groups by showing lower pituitary and plasma GH concentrations, body weight, tail length and accessory sex organ weight relative to body weight and testes weight. No statistically significant differences were found in pituitary or adrenal weights. It is concluded that increased pineal function occurring in darkness probably inhibits secretion of GH releasing factor, decreasing pituitary synthesis and release of GH.

Pituitary and plasma levels of growth hormone in Booroola sheep that are either homozygous carriers or non-carriers of the FecBB fecundity gene

1995 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
L G Moore ◽  
K P McNatty ◽  
K L Isaacs ◽  
S Lun ◽  
W Ng Chie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the FecBB fecundity gene on plasma concentrations and pituitary content of growth hormone (GH) in sheep. No differences were found between homozygous carriers (BB) and non carriers (++) of the FecBB gene with regard to pituitary GH contents in both ovariectomized and intact ewes. However, ovariectomized ewes had higher levels of pituitary GH than intact ewes (P<0·01). There were no differences between FecBB genotypes with respect to plasma concentrations of GH in 6-year-old ovariectomized ewes bled every 10 min for 12 h or in ram lambs bled weekly during their first year of life. GH levels in the rams decreased until week 27, increased to a peak at week 31 then decreased before increasing again at week 43. Mean plasma GH concentrations in the ewe lambs bled weekly for a year decreased until week 19 then remained at approximately this level for the remainder of the year. Mean GH plasma concentrations in the ram lambs were higher than in the ewe lambs (P<0·001). Ewe lambs that were homozygous for the FecBB gene had lower body weights (P<0·05) and had higher levels of GH (P<0·01) than non carrier ewe lambs during their first year. Before the average age of first behavioural oestrus (36 weeks) GH levels in the ewe lambs were negatively correlated with body weights (r=−0·69, P<0·001, n=22). When body weight was included as a covariate in analysis of variance the genotype difference in ewe lamb plasma GH concentrations was no longer significant. In summary, pituitaries from ovariectomized ewes had higher levels of GH than those from intact ewes. There were no FecBB gene specific differences in pituitary levels of GH, the profile of plasma GH in 6-year-old ovariectomized ewes or in ram lambs during their first year of life. BB ewe lambs had higher levels of GH than ++ ewe lambs during their first year; however, this difference was probably due to the BB ewes having lower body weights than the ++ ewes because body weight was negatively correlated with mean GH levels. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 147, 217–223

scholarly journals Influence ofABCC2andABCC4Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3240-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan ◽  
Anchalee Avihingsanon ◽  
Narukjaporn Thammajaruk ◽  
Siwaporn Mitruk ◽  
David M. Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTTenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded byABCC2andABCC4, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms ofABCC2andABCC4. A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 ± 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 ± 52.7 ng/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and theABCC44131T → G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having theABCC44131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)

Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wodzicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

scholarly journals The early changes in retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in plasma of protein–energy malnourished children after treatment with retinol and an improved diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Large ◽  
G. Neal ◽  
J. Glover ◽  
O. Thanangkul ◽  
R. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

1. Changes in total retinol-binding protein (RBP), the holoprotein (holoRBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations have been monitored in plasma of thirty protein- and vitamin A-deficient preschool children from within a few hours up to 7 weeks after treatment with retinol and a good-quality protein diet.2. The children were classified into groups according to nutritional status as having either kwashiorkor, marasmus-kwashiorkor or marasmus, and given formula diets whose protein and energy contents increased stepwise from 1 g and 105 kJ/kg body-weight respectively up to 4 g and 733 kJ/kg body-weight after 4 weeks. Retinol was administered in the forms of retinyl palmitate either orally or intramuscularly.3. PA and total RBP were determined by electroimmunoassay procedures and the holoRBP by its fluorescence after separation from other plasma proteins.4. RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released. An increased pool of native apoprotein accumulates in the liver during vitamin A deficiency which is released into plasma quickly after retinol uptake to form peak concentrations of total and holoRBP approximately 3 h after dosing intramuscularly and 6 h orally.5. The accumulated pool of RBP was highest in livers from the marasmus group and lowest in those from the kwashiorkor group, reflecting their relative capacities to synthesize plasma proteins.6. The mean plasma concentrations of total and holoRBP for the various groups were minimal 24–48 h after dosing with retinol and then improved almost linearly over the following week.7. Mean plasma PA concentrations of the various groups on admission were also in order of the severity of their malnutrition. There was little or no change in this protein concentration over the first 24 h after dosing with retinol, but thereafter the mean values rose almost linearly over 2 weeks. Albumin on the other hand changed little during the first week. The results show that PA is the more sensitive measurement of protein nutritional status.

The effect of restricted feeding on growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns in genetically lean and fat wether lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Stuart ◽  
B. A. Veenvliet ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe aim of this work was to determine whether developmental changes in growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns and carcass composition were influenced by nutrition and genotype in sheep. Four-month-old wether lambs from lean (low backfat), fat (high backfat) and control selection lines were nutritionally restricted to maintain a 28 kg live weight or given food ad libitum for 24 weeks. Plasma concentrations of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured at predetermined times and carcass composition of the animals determined at the end of the trial.From week 3 on, restrictions in dry matter (DM) intake were observed as the ad libitum treatment group had a significantly greater intake than the restricted treatment group (7·70 v. 5·80 kg DM per week, s.e.d. = 0·81). Differences in live weight between the feeding treatments were significant (P < 0·05) at week 9. The restricted feeding regime was associated with significant reductions in plasma levels of IGF-1 but had no effect (P > 0·05) on carcass weight-adjusted carcass fat proportion at the close of the trial. The effect of food restriction on GH secretory patterns was variable. Although there was initially a suppression in mean plasma GH, there was subsequently significantly higher mean plasma GH in the restricted feeding treatment. Periodogram analysis indicated that both the absolute levels of GH and the GH secretory pattern were altered by restricted feeding. In all animals, mean and basal GH concentrations, as well as the frequency and amplitude of pulses, declined from February to March and then increased from May to July (P < 0·001).DM intake and live weight did not differ (P > 0·05) between genotypes, however the fat genotype had greater carcass fatness than lean or control genotypes (P < 0·01). There were no consistent differences between genotypes in plasma IGF-1 concentrations. In the ad libitum treatment, the lean and control genotypes had higher plasma GH levels than the f at genotype but the pattern of GH release did not vary. Under restricted feeding, both the pattern and the level of plasma GH varied between genotypes.It is concluded that the developmental change in GH secretory patterns is affected by nutrition but not in a consistent manner. Although restricted feeding resulted in higher mean plasma GH concentrations later in the trial, this did not result in a change in carcass composition. The biological cues which lead to increased fat deposition in older lambs need further study but plasma GH levels may not he an important mechanism in this process.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAMB BIRTH WEIGHTS AND FETAL PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN CONCENTRATIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1001
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ovine Fetal

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin were monitored in 11 chronically cannulated ovine fetuses and their mothers during the last month of gestation to obtain information on the role that these hormones have in determining fetal growth rate. Maternal plasma GH and insulin concentrations were independent of stage of gestation and lamb birth weights. Fetal plasma insulin concentrations were episodic in nature, independent of stage of gestation, and tended to be higher in fetuses that were heavier at birth. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were only slightly episodic in nature, were tenfold higher than maternal levels at 116–124 d gestation and increased by approximately another 25% prior to parturition. Fetal plasma GH concentrations were negtively correlated with lamb birth weights. In twin preparations, fetal plasma GH concentrations were significantly lower in the twin that was heaviest at birth. The lower GH concentrations found in faster growing fetuses are suggestive of a more rapid metabolic clearance of GH by the tissues of these animals. The results indicate that circulating fetal GH and, possibly, insulin are involved in determining the rate of ovine-fetal growth. Key words: Ovine birth weights, fetal GH, fetal insulin, fetal growth

Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone-releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Magnan ◽  
L Mazzocchi ◽  
M Cataldi ◽  
V Guillaume ◽  
A Dutour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

Abstract The physiological role of endogenous circulating GHreleasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH was investigated in adult rams actively immunized against each neuropeptide. All animals developed antibodies at concentrations sufficient for immunoneutralization of GHRH and SRIH levels in hypophysial portal blood. In the anti GHRH group, plasma GH levels were very low; the amplitude of GH pulses was strikingly reduced, although their number was unchanged. No stimulation of GH release was observed after neostigmine administration. The reduction of GH secretion was associated with a decreased body weight and a significant reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration. In the antiSRIH group, no changes in basal and pulsatile GH secretion or the GH response to neostigmine were observed as compared to controls. Body weight was not significantly altered and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced in these animals. These results suggest that in sheep, circulating SRIH (in the systemic and hypophysial portal vasculature) does not play a significant role in pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH. The mechanisms of its influence on body weight and production of IGF-I remain to be determined. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 83–90

Influence of nutritional status and oestradiol-17β on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II and the response to exogenous growth hormone in young steers

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Breier ◽  
P. D. Gluckman ◽  
J. J. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Oestradiol Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Somatotrophic Axis ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

ABSTRACT Plasma GH profiles and circulating concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factors-I and -II (IGF-I and -II) were examined in 20 steers on either high (3% dry matter of body weight per day) or low (1% dry matter of body weight per day) planes of nutrition with or without an implant of oestradiol-17β. The response of plasma IGF-I and -II to a bolus injection of bovine GH (bGH) was also investigated. Reduced feeding significantly (P <0·01) increased the mean concentration, peak height and integrated area of plasma GH. Treatment of steers with oestradiol at low nutrition significantly increased baseline GH concentrations. Treatment of steers with oestradiol at high nutrition significantly (P <0·05) increased mean, baseline, peak height, and integrated area of plasma GH. GH pulse frequency was not changed by either nutritional plane or oestradiol treatment. Basal concentrations of plasma IGF-I were significantly (P <0·01) decreased by reduced feeding in both the oestradiol-treated and the control group. Treatment with oestradiol increased (P <0·01) basal plasma concentrations of IGF-I at both high and low levels of nutrition. After i.v. injection of bGH (0·1 mg/kg body weight), an increase in plasma IGF-I was observed only in steers at high nutrition. Basal concentrations of plasma IGF-II were not altered by nutritional manipulations but were significantly (P <0·001) increased by oestradiol treatment. After bGH infusion only steers at high nutrition showed an increase in plasma IGF-II. Significant correlations were observed between daily body weight gain and plasma concentrations of IGF-I (r= 0·91, P<0·001, n = 20) and also between the capacity of the high-affinity hepatic somatotrophic receptor and plasma IGF-I (r= 0·89, P <0·001, n= 10). Decreased plasma concentrations of IGF-I at a low level of nutrition may abolish the growth-promoting activity of circulating GH. The increase in both GH secretion and the number of somatotrophic receptors with oestradiol treatment may represent a coordinated response of the somatotrophic axis leading to enhanced IGF-I and -II production and improved growth rate. The inferential relationships between the capacity of the high-affinity somatotrophic receptor, plasma concentrations of IGF-I and growth rates suggest that active modulation of somatotrophic receptors is an important regulatory constituent of the somatotrophic axis. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 243–250

Effects of hysterectomy and in-vivo treatment with uterine extracts on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, thyrotrophin and thyroid hormones in rats: a kinetic study

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bíró ◽  
P. Eneroth ◽  
E. M. Ritzén
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
In Vivo Treatment ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Plasma concentrations of GH, TSH, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured in adult rats 2 and 4 weeks after ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy. Two weeks after ovariohysterectomy, the concentration of GH was significantly higher, but TSH and T3 concentrations were significantly lower than in rats which had been ovariectomized only. Hysterectomy had no effect on plasma GH and TSH concentrations if it was performed 2 weeks after ovariectomy. Plasma T3 had decreased by 2 weeks after ovariectomy but returned to pretreatment levels by 4 weeks. Recovery of the plasma T3 concentration was not observed if ovariectomy was followed by hysterectomy, since a further decrease of plasma T3 occurred. Plasma T4 was not significantly influenced either by ovariectomy or by ovariohysterectomy. Steroid-free uterine extracts given i.p. to ovariohysterectomized rats reduced plasma GH within 24 h of injection. Increases in plasma TSH, T3 and T4 were achieved in ovariohysterectomized rats with injections of uterine extracts (from intact, oestrogen-treated or castrated rats), but the increases were not consistent for the three hormones either as regards time after injection, nor for which particular extracts were effective. It was concluded that the uterus may contain factors which influence the GH storage and secretion and TSH-thyroid regulation in rats. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 243–248

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