scholarly journals An Analysis of Growth Processes in Cattle Coats and their Relations to Coat Type and Body Weight Gain

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Turner ◽  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Processes

Hair regrown on a clipped patch of skin during each of nine intervals covering a period of 13 months was sampled, counted, and measured. Methods of estimating the rate of appearance of new hairs, the proportion of follicles with growing hairs, the duration of growing and resting phases of follicles, and linear growth rate of hairs are described. Results obtained from 70 animals are presented. Seasonal changes in the various parameters, and their roles in producing seasonal changes in coat type, are analysed and discussed. Replacement of hairs occurred continuously and amounted to slightly more than two hairs per follicle per year; rates of replacement were highest in spring and in summer. The number of growing hairs and the time for which each hair grew were much lower in summer than in autumn.

scholarly journals Altering Developmental Trajectories in Mice by Restricted Index Selection

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
William R Atchley ◽  
Shizhong Xu ◽  
David E Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Rate Of Development

A restricted index selection experiment on mice was carried out for 14 generations on rate of early postnatal development (growth rate from birth to 10 days of age) vs. rate of development much later in ontogeny (growth rate from 28 to 56 days of age). Early rate of development (E) approximates hyperplasia (changes in cell number) and later rate (L) reflects hypertropy (changes in cell size). The selection criteria were as follows: E+L0 was selected to increase early body weight gain while holding late body weight gain constant; E–L0 was selected to decrease early body gain while holding late gain constant; E0L+ was selected to increase late gain holding early gain constant; and E0L– was selected to decrease late gain holding early gain constant. After 14 generations of selection, significant divergence among lines has occurred and the changes in the growth trajectories are very close to expectation. The genetic and developmental bases of complex traits are discussed as well as the concept of developmental homoplasy.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF GROWTH IN THE GOUSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE COMBINED PHARMACOPROPHYLACTIC HOMOBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS BASED ON THE RECOMBINANT BASILL AND ENROFLOXACIN STRAIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
G. A. Nozdrin ◽  
N. A. Gotovchikov ◽  
M. S. Yakovleva ◽  
N. S. Yakovleva ◽  
M. B. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Daily Gain

The combined effect of homobiotics, probiotics based on recombinant strains of g. Bacillus, & enrofloxacin on the dynamics of body weight gain in geese was studied. According to the principle of steam-analogs, one control and five experimental groups of 10 goslings in each group were formed. Gosyatam experimental groups used homobiotics vetom 15.1; vetom 13.1 incombination with enrofloxacin followed by replacement with a probiotic preparation Vetom 1.2. The absolute body weight and average daily gain in geese under the influence of the studied drugs increases. The severity of the effect depended on the pharmacological composition of the drugs used. The maximum absolute weight gain was observed when using the drugs according to the scheme: vetom 13.1 at doses of 25–50 mg/kg for 16 days, with further use of a 10% enrofloxacin solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 5 days and in The experiment period was 1.2 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. After the cessation of the use of drugs, the growth rate increased for 30 days when prescribing the drugs according to the scheme: veto 13.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days and with further introduction of homobiotic veto 1.2 into the bird in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 16 days. The maximum average daily gain in live weight of geese was observed in the period from the 16th to the 32nd day with the administration scheme: homobiotic vetom 13.1 at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 5 consecutive days, then every other day for 16 days, then daily 10 % solution of enrofloxacin at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight for 5 days, then vetom 1.2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg once a day for 16 days in a row. And the maximum average daily gain in the post using period of the drug was observed on the 32nd day of the study according to the scheme: homobiotic veto 15.1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight 1 time per day for 16 days, then daily with vetom 1.2 at the same dose 1 once a day for 16 days. The studied drugs in the applied doses did not have a toxic effect on the physiological state of geese.

Effects of glucocorticoid on body growth and serum levels of somatomedin A in the rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Asakawa ◽  
Kazue Takano ◽  
Megumi Kogawa ◽  
Yoko Hasumi ◽  
Kazuo Shizume
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Radioreceptor Assay ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
A Minor

Abstract. Serum levels of somatomedin A, as measured by radioreceptor assay, and body weight gain were 86.5 ± 9.2% and 166.9 ± 7.8% (N = 5) of the initial values, respectively, after 18 days administration of 2.5 mg cortisone acetate (CA). These values were significantly lower than those for saline treated rats (P < 0.005). Reduced serum somatomedin A and body growth rate were partially restored after halting the injection of CA. Combined administration of daily doses of 100 μg hGH with CA did not prevent the decrease in somatomedin activity in treated rats. This observation suggests that GH plays a minor (or no) role in the fall of serum somatomedin A in CA-treated rats. From these data we conclude that glucocorticoids reduce serum somatomedin by inhibiting the effect of GH on the generation of somatomedin.

GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. GAVORA ◽  
P. A. KONDRA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

scholarly journals Relative Value for Wool Growth and Nitrogen Retention of Several Protein Administered as Abomasal Supplements to Sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
WF Colebrook ◽  
PJ Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Egg Protein ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Egg Albumen ◽  
Whole Egg

Supplements (supplying c. 100 g protein per day) of whole egg protein, egg albumen, maize gluten, and gelatin were given to sheep via the abomasum and the effects on wool growth rate, body weight gain, and nitrogen retention were compared with those of casein.

Effect of nitrogen and energy supplements on the growth of cattle grazing oats or Rhodes grass

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Morris ◽  
B Gulbransen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Supplements

In two experiments the effects of feeding high-nitrogen and high-energy-low-nitrogen supplements on the growth rate of grazing cattle were measured. In one experiment supplements of either 1 or 2 kg of rolled sorghum grain (0.96 per cent N) or 1 kg of soybean meal (8.2 per cent N) per head per day were fed to steers about 18 months of age grazing oats. In the other experiment twin and non-twin weaners (mean age of 13 months) were fed supplements of either molasses plus minerals or molasses plus minerals and urea ad lib. while grazing a winter dormant Rhodes grass pasture. In both experiments the supplemented and unsupplemented groups were randomly allocated to the grazing areas at weekly intervals. Growth rate of the steers in the first experiment was unaffected by either supplement, and it was concluded that the unsupplemented steers reduced their intake of forage by an amount similar to the digestible energy supplied by the supplements. In the second experiment both supplements increased the rate of body weight gain of the weaners, but the error variances were such that significance was reached only for the twins. The growth rate of the twin weaners fed the supplement of molasses plus minerals and urea was significantly (P<0.01) greater than that of the unsupplemented weaners and was also significantly (P<0.05) greater than the growth rate of those given the same amount of molasses plus minerals but without urea. Twins given the molasses plus minerals supplement had a significantly (P<0.05) greater rate of body weight gain than the unsupplemented twin weaners. Calculated returns from feeding grain or soybean meal supplements to steers grazing oats were negative. For weaners grazing Rhodes grass, the molasses plus minerals supplements gave an increase in body weight gain which, on current values, was considerably less than the cost of the molasses, whereas the molasses plus minerals and urea supplement gave a return which was greater than the cost of the molasses plus urea.

EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUOXYMESTERONE ON LINEAR GROWTH AND WEIGHT IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH RETARDATION AND UNDERWEIGHT

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Laron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Dose

ABSTRACT The effect of fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) on body weight and body height has been studied in 13 children with growth retardation and underweight. It was found that fluoxymesterone administered for periods of 3 months in a dose of 0.1 to 0.15 mg per kg body weight per day had a beneficial effect on body weight and linear growth rate. A daily dose greater than 0.25 mg/kg body weight had virilizing effects.

scholarly journals The off feeding intervals effect on some performance traits of broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
S. Kh. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dressing Percentage

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed restricted (off-feeding intervals) on feed intake, water intake, body weight gain, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and dressing percentage of broilers. Two hundred fourty, one day old unsexed, (Ross 308) broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four treatment groups. Each group included three replicates each one had 20 birds. Those assigned as; Control group (T1): birds were fed ad libtium, T2 group feed removed from 8 Am. to 4 Pm., T3 group feed removed from 4 Pm. to 8 Am., T4 group feed removed 8 Am. to 8Am. (skip-a day) all birds were allowed to access feed for above intervals for 8-21 days of age, and re-full fed for the remaining of experiment period 42 days. The results indicated that feed restriction system did significantly (P<0.05) affect live body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio on starter diet period. Feed restriction significantly P<0.05 reduced feed consumption accompanied with water consumption positively correlated, decreases mortality in restriction period and at marketing, and increase dressing percentage, improved characteristics of carcasses at marketing age, the compensatory growth may be appeared after re-full free feeding for restricted groups to reach a close the market weight as control group., that was indicated by an increase in growth rate post feed restriction period especially at week (6th) as compared with the control group

scholarly journals Вплив кормових добавок із морських гідробіонтів на продуктивність каченят-бройлерів

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Н. І. Данкевич
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Conservation Rate ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
The Impact

Представлено результати досліджень кормових добавок  із морських гідробіонтів, білково-мінераль-ної та мінеральної, виготовлених за розробленими нами технологіями, які підтверджені патентами України на корисну модель:  № 42687 «Спосіб одержання кормової добавки з морських гідробіонтів для птиці» від 10.07.2009;  № 34634 «Спосіб одержання кормової добавки з морських гідробіонтів для птиці» від 11.08.2008. Їх використанні в кількості 10 % у раціоні каченят-бройлерів позитивно впливає на продуктивність каченят, не знижує приріст живої маси, сприяє збереженню каченят при вирощуванні та незначним середньодобовим приростам живої маси. Recently the production of livestock production has decreased in the country. It accounts for the reduction of animal and bird livestock, fodder production, the proportion of protein-mineral food of animal origin. In this regard the problem of surching alternative animal feed resources is becoming particularly important. Sea hydrobionts possessing sustainable proteins and valuable biodiversity crucial for growth and development of animals and birds are suggested to be one of such precious sources. Using sea hydrobiont forage in poultry farming is of crucial importance as it is one of the fastest-growing branches of animal industry. The purpose of the research in view of the above, the tusk is to consider the impact sea hydrobiont additives on broiler ducks productivity. The study focuses on sea hydrobiont additives both protein-mineral and mineral produced according to our own designed technology by means of shredding mussels primary processing and agrarian wastes (iodine). The study of sea hydrobionts impact on broiler ducks productivity was carried out under existing instructions and regulatory documents. In accordance with the study methodology control and test groups of ducks were provided with staple ration for 8 days (aged from 12 to 20 days). From the 21st day till the end of the period (60 days in total) their ration was enreached by paste-like additives in the amount of 10 % to the staple ration. We used the additives in 2 ways: 10 % replacement of the staple ration with additives and adding extra 10 % of additives to enreach the staple ration. In the course of the study it was found that using protein-mineral hydrobiont additives has a positive effect on broiler ducks growth regardless the way used. The 10 % replacement of the staple ration with hydrobiont additive does not reduce body weight gain which made up 100.4 % in the test group of ducks. Adding extra 10 % of protein-mineral additive to the ration increases the intensity of body weight gain by 6.9 %, relative growth rate and survival rate of ducks by 5.6 %. The  impact of mineral additive on ducks productivity when raised them according to our scheme is less but at the same time it contributes to ducks growth and development. The 10 % replacement of the ration with mineral additive does not have a big impact on growth and development. But adding extra 10 % of mineral to the ration increases the intensity of live body weight gain by 4.9 % compared to the control group of ducks. The growth rate and conservation rate are also increased by 3.9 %. Sea hydrobiont additives produced according to our own technology can be used when raising broiler ducks as non-traditional source of proteins and minerals for staple ration. Enreaching the ration of ducks by protein-mineral additive in the amount of 10 % or replacing the ration by the same amount of the additive allows to increase their body weight gain by 6.9 % as well as relative growth and conservation rate. Enreaching the ration by mineral additive increases body weight gain of ducks by 4.9 %. The 10 % replacement with such an additive does not effect their productivity.

scholarly journals Penerapan Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline sebagai Alat untuk Pemodelan Pertumbuhan Ayam Broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Benjamin Christoffel Tehupuring ◽  
. Soeharsono ◽  
Saiful Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Regression Spline ◽  
Adaptive Regression

Model pertumbuhan mempunyai fungsi utama sebagai alat pengambilan kebijakan pada pengolahan ayam broiler. Sebanyak 9 jenis pakan dicobakan pada ayam umur satu hari tanpa membedakan jenis kelamin. Pertambahan bobot badan dan jumlah konsumsi pakan diamati setiap minggu selama tiga minggu. Data dikumpulkan dari tiga model pertumbuhan yaitu model I untuk ayam yang mendapat perlakuan pakan 9. Model II untuk ayam yang mendapat perlakuan pakan 1, 2, 4, dan 7. Model III mendapat perlakuan pakan 3, 5, 6, dan 8. Hasil analisa data dengan menggunakan MARS pada data yang dikumpulkan, memperoleh hasil yang sama yaitu terdapat perbedaan kecepatan pertumbuhan antara umur satu sampai dengan dua minggu, kemudian dua sampai tiga minggu, sedangkan pengaruh jumlah konsumsi, beragam bergantung pada jenis pakan.Kata kunci: MARS, umur, pertambahan bobot badan, ayam broiler (Application of Multivariate of Adaptive Regression Spline as A Tool for Growth Modeling on Broiler Chickens)Growth model has a primary function as a policy-making tool in the processing of broiler chickens. A total of 9 types of feed tested at one day old chickens, regardless of their sex. Body weight gain and feed intake were observed every week for three weeks. Data were collected from three models of growth, ie. the Model I are chickens treated with feed 9. Model II are chickens reated with feed 1, 2, 4, and 7. Model III are chickens treated with feed 3, 5, 6 and 8. The results of data analysis using MARS, obtained the same results that there are differences in growth rate between the ages of one to two weeks, and then between two to three weeks, whereas the effect of the amount of consumption varies depending on the type of feed.Keywords: MARS, age, weight gain, broiler chickens

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