Variation in the Vigna lanceolata complex for traits of taxonomic, adaptive or agronomic interest

Variation was assessed in the endemic Australian herbaceous legume, V. lanceolata Benth., by using an extensive collection of accessions that sampled a wide range of geographically dispersed collection sites. Attributes were evaluated under natural conditions at the time of collection and in field-grown plants in coastal south-eastern Queensland. Qualitative and quantitative measures were taken of traits reflecting plant habit, floral, vegetative and reproductive morphology, phenology and stress reactions. On the basis of visual assessment, accessions were subjectively allocated into seven previously reported morphotypes. Analysis of the variation confirmed that there were large differences among the putative morphotypes relative to that among the accessions within morphotypes. Significant correlations between accession means for some traits provided further evidence that V. lanceolata is not a homogeneous species and has differentiated into forms with sharply defined aggregations of distinctive traits. In addition, correlations between some traits and the latitude or longitude of collection implied a geographic component to the differentiation among accessions and morphotypes. In some instances, these changes were associated with adaptive responses, but in others may reflect chance occurrence. Cluster analysis confirmed the authenticity of the morphotype groups and provided information on the levels of affinity between them. It is concluded that V. lanceolata is a 'complex' of related taxa and that taxonomic revision is warranted. The information documented through the study provides the basis for that revision and also identifies several attributes of adaptive and/or agronomic significance.

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Re-Evaluation of the Podosphaera tridactyla Species Complex in Australia

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Reannon L. Smith ◽

Tom W. May ◽

Jatinder Kaur ◽

Tim I. Sawbridge ◽

Ross C. Mann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Species Complex ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Prunus Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Unidentified Species ◽

The Rose ◽

Generation Sequencing

The Podosphaera tridactyla species complex is highly variable morphologically and causes powdery mildew on a wide range of Prunus species, including stone fruit. A taxonomic revision of the Po. tridactyla species complex in 2020 identified 12 species, seven of which were newly characterised. In order to clarify which species of this complex are present in Australia, next generation sequencing was used to isolate the fungal ITS+28S and host matK chloroplast gene regions from 56 powdery mildew specimens of stone fruit and ornamental Prunus species accessioned as Po. tridactyla or Oidium sp. in Australian reference collections. The specimens were collected in Australia, Switzerland, Italy and Korea and were collected from 1953 to 2018. Host species were confirmed using matK phylogenetic analysis, which identified that four had been misidentified as Prunus but were actually Malusprunifolia. Podosphaera species were identified using ITS+28S phylogenetic analysis, recognising three Podosphaera species on stone fruit and related ornamental Prunus hosts in Australia. These were Po.pannosa, the rose powdery mildew, and two species in the Po. tridactyla species complex: Po. ampla, which was the predominant species, and a previously unidentified species from peach, which we describe here as Po. cunningtonii.

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Estimation of the carcass composition of different cattle breeds and crosses from fatness measurements and visual assessments

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600063802 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 223-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. J. Kempster ◽

J. P. Chadwick ◽

D. D. Charles

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Beef Breed ◽

Percentage Unit ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Substantial Bias ◽

Visual Assessments ◽

Thickness Measurements

SUMMARYCarcass data for 1053 steers from the Meat and Livestock Commission's beef breed evaluation programme were used to examine the relative precision of alternative fatness assessments for predicting carcass lean percentage. The data were from four trials and comprised both dairy-bred and suckler-bred cattle by a wide range of sire breeds.A visual assessment of carcass subcutaneous fat content to the nearest percentage unit (SFe) was the single most precise predictor both overall (residual S.d. = 2·28) and within breed (residual S.d. = 2·05). Precision was improved by the addition in multiple regression of the percentage perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (KKCF) in carcass, a visual score of the degree of marbling in the m. longissimus and selected fat thickness measurements taken by calipers on cut surfaces (residual S.d. = 2·11 (overall) and 1·90 (within breed)).When the best overall equation was applied to the breed means, there was substantial bias (predicted – actual carcass lean percentage). Biases ranged from +2·5 (purebred Canadian Holstein and Luing) to – 1·3 (Limousin crosses).Breeds differed significantly in carcass lean content when compared at equal levels of fatness measurements. The differences depended both on the precision with which the measurements predicted carcass lean content and the observed differences in carcass composition that existed before adjustments to equal fatness were made.The robustness of prediction equations was examined by applying them to independent sets of data (a total of 334 carcasses) from four other trials involving steers, heifers, cows and young bulls. Equations were stable for cattle of the same breed, sex and similar levels of fatness but important bias was found between more extreme types of cattle.

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An analysis of Industry 4.0 implementation-variables by using SAP-LAP and e-IRP approach

Benchmarking An International Journal ◽

10.1108/bij-03-2021-0153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Veepan Kumar ◽

Ravi Shankar ◽

Prem Vrat

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Business Environment ◽

Content Type ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Wide Range ◽

Interpretive Ranking Process ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Manufacturing Organization ◽

Industry Associations ◽

Practical Implications

PurposeIn today’s uncertain business environment, Industry 4.0 is regarded as a viable strategic plan for addressing a wide range of manufacturing-related challenges. However, it appears that its level of adoption varies across many countries. In the case of a developing economy like India, practitioners are still in the early stages of implementation. The implementation of Industry 4.0 appears to be complex, and it must be investigated holistically in order to gain a better understanding of it. Therefore, an attempt has been made to examine the Industry 4.0 implementation for the Indian manufacturing organization in a detailed way by analyzing the complexities of relevant variables.Design/methodology/approachSAP-LAP (situation-actor-process and learning-action-performance) and an efficient interpretive ranking process (e-IRP) were used to analyze the various variables influencing Industry 4.0 implementation. The variables were identified, as per SAP-LAP, through a thorough review of the literature and based on the perspectives of various experts. The e-IRP has been used to prioritize the selected elements (i.e. actors with respect to processes and actions with respect to performance) of SAP-LAP.FindingsThis study ranked five stakeholders according to their priority in Industry 4.0 implementation: government policymakers, industry associations, research and academic institutions, manufacturers and customers. In addition, the study also prioritized important actions that need to be taken by these stakeholders.Practical implicationsThe results of this study would be useful in identifying and managing the various actors and actions related to Industry 4.0 implementation. Accordingly, their prioritized sequence would be useful to the practitioners in preparing the well-defined and comprehensive strategic roadmap for Industry 4.0.Originality/valueThis study has adopted qualitative and quantitative approaches for identifying and prioritizing different variables of Industry 4.0 implementation. This, in turn, helps the stakeholder to comprehend the concept of Industry 4.0 in a much simpler way.

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The control of the qualitative and quantitative composi-tion of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils

Food processing industry ◽

10.52653/ppi.2021.10.10.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 92-95

Author(s):

Александр Николаевич Остриков ◽

Наталья Леонидовна Клейменова ◽

Инэсса Николаевна Болгова ◽

Максим Васильевич Копылов ◽

Екатерина Юрьевна Желтоухова

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oils ◽

The Body ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cold Pressed ◽

Vitamin Activity

Использование растительных масел в рационе человека необходимо для удовлетворения энергетической потребности организма и регулирования биологических процессов. В настоящей работе представлен качественный и количественный состав витаминов и токоферолов различных видов растительных масел, полученных холодным отжимом из выращенных в нашей стране расторопши, горчицы, подсолнечника, рыжика, рапса. Проведен сравнительный анализ литературных источников о наличии витаминов и токоферолов в различных растительных маслах. Количественный и качественный витаминный состав для одного и того же вида масла, по данным разных авторов, варьируется в достаточно широком диапазоне. В ходе исследования изучен витаминный состав пяти растительных масел. Результаты свидетельствуют, что наибольшей витаминной активностью обладают масла рыжиковое, расторопши и горчичное. Установлено наличие витамина А в маслах: рыжиковом (27,15±0,002 мкг%), расторопши (19,07±0,02 мкг%), горчичном (24,77±0,02 мкг%). Витамины В и В присутствуют в маслах горчичном, рыжиковом и расторопши; витамин В определен в горчичном и рыжиковом, В - в рыжиковом и расторопши. В маслах горчичном и расторопши присутствует витамин В. Наиболее богаты витамином Е масла рыжиковое (52,8±0,02 мг%), подсолнечное (48,3±0,02 мг%), расторопши (47,12±0,02 мг%). Витамин К и токоферолы определены во всех растительных маслах. Присутствие b-каротина обнаружено в рыжиковом (1,237±0,004 мг%), расторопши (0,812±0,002 мг%), подсолнечном (0,22±0,02 мг%) и горчичном (0,148±0,002 мг%) маслах. Анализируемые масла холодного отжима можно рассматривать как ценный источник при проектировании новых многоцелевых продуктов или побочных продуктов для промышленного, косметического и фармацевтического использования. The use of vegetable oils in the human diet is necessary to meet the energy needs of the body and regulate biological processes. This work presents the qualitative and quantitative composition of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils obtained by cold pressing from silybum marianum, mustard, sunflower, camelina, rapeseed grown in our country. A comparative analysis of the literature on the presence of vitamins and tocopherols in various vegetable oils has been carried out. The quantitative and qualitative vitamin composition for the same type of oil, according to different authors, varies in a wide range. During the study, the vitamin composition of five vegetable oils was studied. The results indicate that the following oils have the highest vitamin activity: camelina, silybum marianum and mustard. The presence of vitamin A was found in oils: camelina (27.15±0.002 μg%), silybum marianum (19.07±0.02 μg%), mustard (24.77±0.02 μg%). Vitamins B and B are present in mustard, camelina and silybum marianum oils; vitamin B is found in mustard and camelina; B in camelina and silybum marianum. Mustard and silybum marianum oils contain vitamin B. The richest in vitamin E are camelina (52.8±0.02 mg%), sunflower (48.3±0.02 mg%), silybum marianum (47.12±0.02 mg%). Vitamin K and tocopherols are found in all vegetable oils. The presence of b-carotene was found in camelina (1.237±0.004 mg%), silybum marianum (0.812±0.002 mg%), sunflower (0.22±0.02 mg%) and mustard (0.148±0.002 mg%) oils. The analyzed cold-pressed oils can be considered as a valuable resource when designing new multipurpose products or by-products for industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

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Mental health services for war-affected children

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/02-633 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 183 (6) ◽

pp. 540-546

Author(s):

Lynne Jones ◽

Alban Rrustemi ◽

Mimoza Shahini ◽

Aferdita Uka

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Learning Disability ◽

Stress Reactions ◽

Educational Role ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adolescent Mental Health Service ◽

Local Actors

BackgroundIn war-affected societies it is assumed that the major mental health problem facing the population will be stress reactions.AimsTo describe the creation of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in Kosovo after the military conflict ended in 1999, and to establish the range of problems and diagnoses that presented.MethodData were collected on 559 patients over 2 years, including their referring problems and diagnoses.ResultsStress-related disorders constituted only a fifth of the case-load in year 1. A substantial number of patients were symptom-free but attended because they had been exposed to atraumatic event, and believed it might make them ill. Non-organic enuresis and learning disability were the most common diagnoses in year 2. Many patients had a complex mix of social and psychological difficulties that did not fit conventional diagnostic categories.ConclusionsMental health services that only address traumatic stress may fail to meet the needs of war-affected children. A comprehensive, culturally appropriate CAMHS is needed to address a wide range of problems including learning disability. It should be developed through local actors, and build on existing local infrastructure. Services can also have an educational role in ‘depathologising’ normative responses.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF LEAF AND FRUIT EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY IN Moringa oleifera LAM

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v77.6368 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 77 (13) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Andrawus Zhigila ◽

Sulaiman Mohammed ◽

Felix Ayodele Oladele ◽

Fatima B. J. Sawa

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

External Morphology ◽

Numerical Analyses ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Characters ◽

Diversity Assessment ◽

Wide Range ◽

Improvement Programme

The wide range of uses of Moringa oleifera in recent time has witnessed increasing demand of its foliar and seed products in nutritional, medical and ecological applications. The upsurge of demand for these products needs to be balanced with new varieties of improved performance to meet the supply chain. To achieve this, morphological diversity assessment is prerequisite for future crop improvement programme. Therefore, numerical analyses of the external morphology of leaf and fruit of thirty accessions of Moringa oleifera were assessed. The study was carried out on both qualitative and quantitative characters to assess the diversity at morphological level to establish the phenetic relationships and the delimitation of accessions. Relationship studies showed considerable correlation between the leaf and fruits characters that produced clear and reproducible threats and were selected for diversity study. Numerical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative characters clustered the accessions into five groups – operational taxonomic units (OTUs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 were clustered in group one; OTUs 6 and 8 were clustered in group two and three respectively; OTUs 15 and 16 in group four and OUT 23 in group five cluster membership. Principal Component Analysis was carried out to augment the Cluster Analysis which showed large morphological diversity existing in accessions of Moringa oleifera hence, infraspecific classification is hereby proposed. These analysis particularly traits related to leaf and fruits yield can also be utilised for crop improvement programme.

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Impact of Elevated Temperatures on Strength Properties and Microstructure of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Paste

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14226751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 6751

Author(s):

Konrad A. Sodol ◽

Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽

Jacek Szer ◽

Sebastian Miszczak ◽

Mariusz Stegliński

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Cooling System ◽

Base Material ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Strength Parameters ◽

Calcium Sulfoaluminate ◽

Wide Range

This article is motivated by civil fire safety. Fire-prevention engineering demands a wide range of information about building materials including alternative cements, for instance CSA-cement. Because of exposure of the cement-base material to a high temperature, its strength properties deteriorate due to dehydration connected with phase and microstructure changes. Previous research indicated that the main endothermic reaction of CSA-based composite, dehydration of ettringite, might be used as a cooling system for a metal structure during fire-load. This article examines visual assessment, microstructure, density, as well as flexural and compressive strength parameters of CSA-based composite after isothermal heating at temperatures from 23 °C to 800 °C. The results of SEM/EDS investigations showed that the calcium sulfoaluminate paste may start partially re-sintering above 600 °C. Mechanical tests revealed significant reduction of strength parameters but residual compressive strength was maintained in the whole temperature range e.g., 8 MPa at 800 °C. Additionally, visual assessment of the specimens indicated that it might be possible to predict the material temperature heating based on the specific surface color. These findings add to the evidence of general knowledge about CSA hydrates.

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Mental health services for war-affected children

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.183.6.540 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 183 (06) ◽

pp. 540-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Lynne Jones ◽

Alban Rrustemi ◽

Mimoza Shahini ◽

Aferdita Uka

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Learning Disability ◽

Stress Reactions ◽

Educational Role ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Wide Range ◽

Adolescent Mental Health Service ◽

Local Actors

Background In war-affected societies it is assumed that the major mental health problem facing the population will be stress reactions. Aims To describe the creation of a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) in Kosovo after the military conflict ended in 1999, and to establish the range of problems and diagnoses that presented. Method Data were collected on 559 patients over 2 years, including their referring problems and diagnoses. Results Stress-related disorders constituted only a fifth of the case-load in year 1. A substantial number of patients were symptom-free but attended because they had been exposed to atraumatic event, and believed it might make them ill. Non-organic enuresis and learning disability were the most common diagnoses in year 2. Many patients had a complex mix of social and psychological difficulties that did not fit conventional diagnostic categories. Conclusions Mental health services that only address traumatic stress may fail to meet the needs of war-affected children. A comprehensive, culturally appropriate CAMHS is needed to address a wide range of problems including learning disability. It should be developed through local actors, and build on existing local infrastructure. Services can also have an educational role in ‘depathologising’ normative responses.

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Proton Pumping and Non-Pumping Terminal Respiratory Oxidases: Active Sites Intermediates of These Molecular Machines and Their Derivatives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910852 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10852

Author(s):

Sergey A. Siletsky ◽

Vitaliy B. Borisov

Keyword(s):

Active Sites ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Molecular Machines ◽

Proton Pumping ◽

Stress Reactions ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

Regulatory Cascades ◽

Respiratory Oxidases

Terminal respiratory oxidases are highly efficient molecular machines. These most important bioenergetic membrane enzymes transform the energy of chemical bonds released during the transfer of electrons along the respiratory chains of eukaryotes and prokaryotes from cytochromes or quinols to molecular oxygen into a transmembrane proton gradient. They participate in regulatory cascades and physiological anti-stress reactions in multicellular organisms. They also allow microorganisms to adapt to low-oxygen conditions, survive in chemically aggressive environments and acquire antibiotic resistance. To date, three-dimensional structures with atomic resolution of members of all major groups of terminal respiratory oxidases, heme-copper oxidases, and bd-type cytochromes, have been obtained. These groups of enzymes have different origins and a wide range of functional significance in cells. At the same time, all of them are united by a catalytic reaction of four-electron reduction in oxygen into water which proceeds without the formation and release of potentially dangerous ROS from active sites. The review analyzes recent structural and functional studies of oxygen reduction intermediates in the active sites of terminal respiratory oxidases, the features of catalytic cycles, and the properties of the active sites of these enzymes.

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Idea Management and Web-Based Idea Management Systems Situation and Potential in Latvia

Economics and Business ◽

10.1515/eb-2016-0018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Elīna Miķelsone ◽

Elita Lielā

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Community Survey ◽

Management Systems ◽

Public Communication ◽

Expert Interviews ◽

Web Based ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽

Wide Range ◽

Idea Management

Abstract Idea management and web-based idea management systems application situation and potential in Latvia have been identified by applying qualitative and quantitative methods – community survey and expert interviews. It has been found that there is a tendency in Latvia that ideas in the organisations are generated within the frame of the same groups of people and there is no definite idea management system or effective idea management. It is important to stress that the results of the research also show that web-based idea management systems are not widely used in Latvia, but there is a perspective to apply them in private, public and academic sectors. Perspective areas to apply web-based IMS are cultivation of open and user-driven innovation, encouragement of civic participation, contribution to public communication and a wide range of creative cultural promotion.

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