Simultaneous effects of reintroduction strategy and seed size on the initial development of two tropical tree species in an abandoned eucalyptus plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Scaloppi ◽  
Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Direct Sowing

Seedling planting is the most common strategy used to reintroduce tropical native tree species; however, direct sowing has simplicity and operational ease advantages. Functional traits such as seed size and growth rates have been shown to be relevant for better plant performance. We evaluated the effects of intraspecific variation in seed size and the reintroduction strategy simultaneously on the development of Hymenaea courbaril (L.) and Enterolobium timbouva (Mart.) introduced in an abandoned eucalyptus plantation over 462 days. Plants from small, medium and large seeds were reintroduced by planting seedlings and direct seeding. Both species achieved high rates of emergence and survival was high in the two reintroduction strategies. Seed size was not related to emergence and mean time to emergence for either species. The survival of both species was higher than 74% in the field, and seed size had little effect on survival rates. In general, H. courbaril plants introduced by direct sowing had higher growth, and seed size correlated positively with stem size. In contrast, the growth of E. timbouva plants introduced by seedling planting was higher than in plants introduced by direct sowing regardless of seed size. The light requirements of this species seem higher than for H. courbaril. Our results suggest the feasibility of reintroducing species by direct sowing in eucalyptus understory, but since plant growth varies between species, there may be a balance between the advantage of the initial plant size provided by planting seedlings and the advantage of a better root development provided by direct sowing.

scholarly journals The relevance of seed size in modulating leaf physiology and early plant performance in two tree species

Trees ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada ◽  
Nikos Nanos ◽  
Ismael Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Leaf Physiology

scholarly journals Initial Development of Hymeneae courbaril (Linnaeus.) (FABACEAE) under inoculation of edophytic bacteria from Bacillus and Herbaspirillum genus / Desenvolvimento inicial de Hymeneae courbaril (Linnaeus.) (FABACEAE) sob inoculação de bactérias endofíticas dos gêneros Bacillus e Herbaspirillum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 112954-112965
Author(s):  
Larisse Araújo de Abreu ◽  
Lucas Marques Menezes ◽  
João Manoel da Silva ◽  
Romário Guimarães Verçosa de Araújo ◽  
Clayton dos Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
System Length ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Microbial Agents

The rise of environmental problems and the need for recovery of degraded areas have caused interest in the knowledge of native Brazilian species. One of the major barriers to replanting native forests is the production of seedlings of species that can fuel reforestation programs. Hymenaea courbaril is a forest species, has great forest and environmental importance and is very suitable for plants in degraded areas, which can be restored by vegetation, recommended for silvipastoral, pasture afforestation and others. One of the major barriers to replanting native forests is the production of seedlings of species that can fuel reforestation programs. One solution is how growth promoting bacteria that are part of the plant's resident population and are not phytopathogenic. These bacteria can be used to treat micropropagated seeds, explants and seedlings incorporated into the plant substrate. Thus, due to the lack of studies with growth-promoting bacteria in tree species, the aim of this work is to evaluate or development of H. courbaril seedlings. Inoculants are inoculated with growth-promoting endophytes using biometric parameters such as plant size. collection, leaf number, plant height, root system length, biomass and dry matter of shoot and root system. In general the bacteria Herbaspirillum sp. the best result was obtained when an inoculation directly in the soil, presenting greater development of biometric characters. For the genus Bacillus sp. seed inoculation provided further development of the plants. This study contributes to future research and recommends the use of microbial agents to promote H. courbaril growth.

scholarly journals PERSISTENCE AND GROWTH OF MAKU LOTUS ON CONTRASTING ASPECTS AT HIGH ALTITUDE

1985 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
G.A. Dunbar ◽  
E.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Maku lotus plants were grown in snow tussock grasslands at 1460 m altitude on steep ungrazed slopes. A total of 960 plants were transplanted in spring 1980 to five sites. In March 1984 survival was 72% and 68% on two NW sites and 66%, 56% and 46% on three ESE sites. Survival rates did not differ between 100 and 300 kg/ha sulphur enriched superphosphate applied in the transplant year, but dense native vegetation appeared to contribute to poorer survival on the eastern slopes. Mean lotus plant size, expressed as an index of ground spread was consistently larger on NW than on ESE, and in February 1984 was three times larger (1422 cm* cf. 429 cmZ). Mean DM yields per plant in February and March 1984 were from 1.3 to 3.0 times greater on NW sites. Ground spread indices and D.M. yields showed a response to the higher rate of fertiliser on some sites only. Higher air and soil temperatures on NW aspect, particularly in early spring and In autumn favouied a longer period of growth compared with E.S.E. The trials showed that Maku lotus could be a valuable herbage resource on warmer northerly aspects above 1000 m. In addition, the high variability amongst l.otus plants suggested that production for such cool environments could be improved by selection within existing populations. Keywords: Maku lotus, Lotus pendunculatus, aspect, high altitude, persistence, plant performance, plant selection.

scholarly journals Stand Stability of Pure and Mixed-Eucalyptus Forests of Different Tree Species in a Typhoon-Prone Area

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Haiyan Deng ◽  
Linlin Shen ◽  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Xiaoyong Mo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Preservation Rate

Background and Objectives: The stable stand structure of mixed plantations is the basis of giving full play to forest ecological function and benefit. However, the monocultural Eucalyptus plantations with large-scale and successive planting that caused ecological problems such as reduced species diversity and loss of soil nutrients have presented to be unstable and vulnerable, especially in typhoon-prone areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nonspatial structure difference and the stand stability of pure and mixed-Eucalyptus forests, to find out the best mixed pattern of Eucalyptus forests with the most stability in typhoon-prone areas. Materials and Methods: In this study, we randomly investigated eight plots of 30 m × 30 m in pure and mixed-Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake × E. grandis W. Hill) plantations of different tree species (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, Acacia mangium Willd., and Pinus elliottii var. Elliottii Engelm. × P. caribaea Morelet) on growth status, characterized and compared the distribution of nonspatial structure of the monoculture and mixtures, and evaluated the stand quality and stability from eight indexes of the nonspatial structure, including preservation rate, stand density, height, diameter, stem form, degree of stem inclination, tree-species composition, and age structure. Results: Eucalyptus surviving in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium (EA) and in the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and P. elliottii × P. caribaea (EP) were 5.0% and 7.6% greater than those in pure Eucalyptus plantation (EE), respectively, while only the stand preservation rate of EA was greater (+2.9%) than that of the pure Eucalyptus plantation. The proportions of all mixtures in the height class greater than 7 m were fewer than that of EE. The proportions of EA and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and N. cadamba (EN) in the diameter class greater than 7 m were 10.6% and 7.8%, respectively, more than that of EE. EN had the highest ratio of branching visibly (41.0%), EA had the highest ratio of inclined stems (8.1%), and EP had the most straight and complete stem form (68.7%). The stand stability of the mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and A. mangium presented to be optimal, as its subordinate function value (0.76) and state value (ω = 0.61) of real stand were the largest. Conclusions: A. mangium is a superior tree species to mix with Eucalyptus for a more stable stand structure in the early growth stage to approach an evident and immense stability and resistance, which is of great significance for the forest restoration of Eucalyptus in response to extreme climate and forest management.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TREE SPECIES (Hymenaea courbaril L., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. and Myroxylon peruiferum L. F.) EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Maria Marques ◽  
Adriano Bortolotti Silva ◽  
José Ricardo Mantovani ◽  
Dalvana Sousa Pereira ◽  
Thiago Corrêa Souza
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Biometric Measurements

ABSTRACT Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, when in excess, it becomes phytotoxic. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and physiological responses of tree species exposed to different copper concentrations in the soil. Three experiments were carried out, one for each forest species under study: Myroxylon peruiferum ("Óleo Bálsamo"), Hymenaea courbaril ("Jatobá") and Peltophorum dubium ("Canafístula"), with the same doses of copper (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with five copper concentrations and four replicates. The plants were grown on soil substrate packed in 8-dm3 pots and kept in a greenhouse for 90 days. Biometric measurements, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and copper content in tissues were evaluated. Copper did not influence the vegetative growth of the species studied. The content of chlorophyll "a" was reduced with increasing copper concentrations in the soil. H. courbaril had 56 to 92% copper retained in the roots, and the same behavior was observed for P. dubium (77-91%) and M. peruiferum (19-64%). In the three species studied, there was copper bioaccumulation, mainly in the roots, possibly as a metal tolerance strategy, preserving the most active tissues and the photosynthetic machinery. Cu translocation from roots to shoot was very restricted in all species. This behavior, associated with the increase in the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in plants, may indicate the phytoremediation potential of the studied species.

Overstory treatment and planting season affect survival of replacement tree species in emerald ash borer threatened Fraxinus nigra forests in Minnesota, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Looney ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Brian J. Palik ◽  
Robert A. Slesak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Fraxinus Nigra ◽  
Black Ash

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) wetland forests in northern Minnesota, USA, are threatened by the invasive insect, emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB)). A potential management option is promoting regeneration of tree species that are not EAB hosts to maintain ecosystem functions. Using an operational-scale field experiment, we examined the survival of 12 alternative tree species in response to different canopy treatments. We planted the seedlings in 1.6 ha plots assigned to four replicated canopy treatments: untreated control, group selection (0.04 ha gaps, 20% of stand), black ash girdling to emulate EAB-induced mortality, and clearcut. Fall and spring plantings were used to compare the effects of spring ponding. Control (32.9%), group selection (34.5%), and girdling (33.3%) treatments had comparable overall seedling survival. Survival in the clear-cut treatments was significantly lower (22%). Species selection, overstory treatment, and season of planting together resulted in survival rates ranging from 0.08% to 94.1%. Conifer species had low overall rates of survival (10.7%), whereas some species with native ranges not presently overlapping with northern F. nigra forests, e.g., Quercus bicolor Willd. (75.5%), had high survival rates. If growth is light-limited, group selection may be effective in promoting recruitment and supporting a larger variety of species.

scholarly journals How does bark contribution to postural control change during tree ontogeny? A study of six Amazonian tree species

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2641-2649
Author(s):  
Romain Lehnebach ◽  
Tancrède Alméras ◽  
Bruno Clair
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Residual Strain ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Relative Thickness ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Control Change ◽  
Bark Anatomy

Abstract Recent works revealed that bark is able to produce mechanical stress to control the orientation of young tilted stems. Here we report how the potential performance of this function changes with stem size in six Amazonian species with contrasted bark anatomy. The potential performance of the mechanism depends both on the magnitude of bark stress and the relative thickness of the bark. We measured bark longitudinal residual strain and density, and the allometric relationship between bark thickness and stem radius over a gradient of tree sizes. Constant tensile stress was found in species that rely on bark for the control of stem orientation in young stages. Other species had increasing compressive stress, associated with increasing density attributed to the development of sclereids. Compressive stress was also associated with low relative bark thickness. The relative thickness of bark decreased with size in all species, suggesting that a reorientation mechanism based on bark progressively performs less well as the tree grows. However, greater relative thickness was observed in species with more tensile stress, thereby evidencing that this reduction in performance is mitigated in species that rely on bark for reorientation.

scholarly journals Initial Survival and Development of Planted European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Small-Leaved Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) Seedlings Competing with Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hasstedt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is considered one of the most invasive tree species in central Europe and causes problems for both nature conservation and silviculture. Besides mechanical control treatments, a suggested control method to prevent its ongoing spread is to underplant shade-tolerant native tree species. Therefore, we combined two mechanical treatments, with underplanting of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) or small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) on fenced and unfenced plots. After the first growing season, survival rates were evaluated, and selected seedlings were destructively harvested to analyze their growth performance and leaf morphology in association with the different light regimes resulting from mechanical treatments Survival rates for both seedlings were very high (>95%). Survival rates were higher on fenced plots than on unfenced plots, most likely as result of browsing. The mortality of F. sylvatica decreased with increasing light availability on fenced plots. The mortality of T. cordata did not change along the light gradient. After one vegetation period no differences with respect to biomass allocation could be detected along the light gradient. However, the specific leaf areas of both species responded similarly, decreasing with increasing light availability. In summary, both species were able to establish and survive in the dense P. serotina understory and might have the potential to outcompete the invasive alien species in the long run.

scholarly journals Size Variability in Seed Lot Impact Seed Nutritional Balance, Seedling Vigor, Microbial Composition and Plant Performance of Common Corn Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Saveetha Kandasamy ◽  
Nimalka Weerasuriya ◽  
Daniella Gritsiouk ◽  
Greg Patterson ◽  
Soledad Saldias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Microbial Profile

Soils with highly uniform textural, physical, and chemical characteristics still give rise to crop stand variability. Seed quality is one of the factors adding to yield variability and has become a concern for corn growers. Hybrid seed producers claim that their seeds provide a uniformity in crop emergence and productivity, but they do not always provide detailed studies to support this claim. Based on growers’ concerns, we examined fields planted with three different hybrid varieties and found that 25% to 50% of the stand had relatively weak vigor, where seed variety A showed 15% of seedlings with lower vigor, and varieties B and C had 30% of seedlings with low vigor. These apparent differences in plant vigor prompted us to initiate a cursory investigation to identify how seed size influenced seedling vigor and if the seedling’s microbial profile played a role in the early growth stages of three commonly grown corn hybrids in Ontario. Seeds were separated based on size, prior to conducting a growth room study. Different sizes of seeds from the same seed lot showed significant differences in vigor capacity and related biometric components. Significant differences were also found in their nutritional composition and microbial profiles within the different seed sizes and the roots and shoots of seedlings derived from such seeds. The results clearly indicate that seed size greatly impacts the plant growth and its microbiome, resulting in seedlings with different plant vigor, microbiomes, and performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document