Canopy-Stored Seed Banks of Allocasuarina distyla and A. nana in Relation to Time Since Fire

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Pannell ◽  
PJ Myerscough
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Time Since Fire ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Multiple Stems ◽  
Young Seed ◽  
Better Than

Aspects of the serotinous seed banks of Allocasuarina distyla (Vent.) L. Johnson and A. nana (Sieb. ex Spreng.) L. Johnson are presented in relation to fire. A. distyla is single-stemmed and fire-sensitive; A. nana resprouts multiple stems from a lignotuber following fire. Vegetative above-ground plant growth correlates with seed bank size in A. distyla better than in A. nana. There is approximately 10 times the canopy-stored seed in A. nana 8 years after fire than in A. distyla 9 years after fire. The critical period to initial seed set in A. distyla is between about 7 and 9 years. In A. nana, this period is typically longer but appears to depend on the age of the seed-producing genets. The age structure of the seed banks in both species remains more or less constant in time, with most seed being young. Seed viability declines in A. distyla from an initial 60% to less than 10% within about 12 years after seed set. A similar pattern appears likely for A. nana, although initial seed viability is about 40%. Attrition in seed viability is attributed to seed predation by insects, fungal attack and seed senescence. The dynamics of seed production and survivorship appear to be similar to those in serotinous proteaceous species studied to date.

scholarly journals Seed Set Patterns in East African Highland Cooking Bananas Are Dependent on Weather before, during and after Pollination

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Allan Waniale ◽  
Rony Swennen ◽  
Settumba B. Mukasa ◽  
Arthur K. Tugume ◽  
Jerome Kubiriba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
East African ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Wild Banana

Seed set in banana is influenced by weather, yet the key weather attributes and the critical period of influence are unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of weather during floral development for a better perspective of seed set increase. Three East African highland cooking bananas (EAHBs) were pollinated with pollen fertile wild banana ‘Calcutta 4′. At full maturity, bunches were harvested, ripened, and seeds extracted from fruit pulp. Pearson’s correlation analysis was then conducted between seed set per 100 fruits per bunch and weather attributes at 15-day intervals from 105 days before pollination (DBP) to 120 days after pollination (DAP). Seed set was positively correlated with average temperature (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = 0.196–0.487) and negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH) (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = −0.158–−0.438) between 75 DBP and the time of pollination. After pollination, average temperature was negatively correlated with seed set in ‘Mshale’ and ‘Nshonowa’ from 45 to 120 DAP (P < 0.05–P < 0.001, r = −0.213–−0.340). Correlation coefficients were highest at 15 DBP for ‘Mshale’ and ‘Nshonowa’, whereas for ‘Enzirabahima’, the highest were at the time of pollination. Maximum temperature as revealed by principal component analysis at the time of pollination should be the main focus for seed set increase.

scholarly journals Peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kedelai kultivar Anjasmoro asal benih terdeteriorasi dengan kompos Trichoderma dan bokashi

Kultivasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumadi Sumadi ◽  
Denny Sobardini Sobarna ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi ◽  
Erni Suminar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Better Than

Sari. Trichoderma spp merupakan golongan fungi yang bersifat antipatogen, khususnya layu kecambah, sedangkan bokashi merupakan kompos yang diperkaya dengan beberapa mikroba yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan tanaman.Tulisan ini merupakan rangkuman penelitian pot menggunakan kompos Trichoderma spp sebagai pelapis benih terdeteriorasi disertai bokashi kotoran hewan yang dilakukan pada tanah lahan kering dan tanah sawah pada tahun 2014 dan 2017. Percobaan pertama membandingkan efektivitas beberapa agen hayati sebagai pelapis benih pengaruhnya terhadap vigor benih dan hasil tanaman. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan penggunaan kompos Trichoderma hasilnya lebih baik dibandingkan agen hayati lainnya. Hasil percobaan selanjutnya menunjukkan  bahwa pelapisan benih dengan 1 sampai 3 g  kompos Trichoderma spp per 100 butir benih pengaruhnya tidak nyata dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pelapis benih berupa pestisida, baik terhadap vigor  maupun hasil biji per tanaman. Pemberian bokashi sebaliknya secara nyata mampu meningkatkan hasil biji per tanaman . Pemberian bokashi 15 t ha-1menghasilkan biji seberat 19.83 g per tanaman  atau setara dengan 2,379 t ha-1 atau 27,3 % lebih tinggi dari kontrol.Kata kunci : Benih terdeteriorasi, pelapisan benih, Trichoderma, Bokashi Abstract. Trichoderma spp is a group of antipatogenic fungi, especially seedling wilted, while bokashi is a compost enriched with some microbes that are beneficial to plant growth. This paper is a compilation of pot experiment using Trichoderma compost for coating deteriorated seed and accompanied by bokashi on dry land soil and paddy soil in 2014 and 2017 respectively. The first experiment compares the effectiveness of several biological agents as a seed coating of its effect on seed vigor and yield. The results of first experiment showed that the use of 2 g Trichoderma compost 100 seeds-1 was better than other biological agents. However between 1.2 and 3 g of Trichoderma compost per 100 seeds was not significant effect on seed vigor and yield. The results of experiment showed that the coating of seeds with 1 – 3 g of Trichoderma spp compost 100 compared with pesticide seed coatings. Increased of yield only affected bokashi application. Application of bokashi 15 t ha-1 abble to produce 19.83 g seed per plant or equivalent to 2.379 t ha-1 or 27.3% higher than the control.Key words: deteriorated seeds, seed coating, Trichoderma, bokashi

scholarly journals RESPONS NAPHTHALEN ACETIC ACID DAN UNSUR MIKRO MIKOMBI SUPER TERHADAP CHERELLE WILT PADA TANAMAN KAKAO

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A.F. Walingkas ◽  
Meity Rantung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Factor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of plant growth regulators and micro elements to cherelle wilt in cacao plants as well as finding the right business in tackling cherelle wilt in cacao plants. The research was carried out in the garden village folk Eris Eris Minahasa district for 8 months from January to August 2009. Spraying micro-nutrient elements is necessary to reduce cherelle wilt because the various treatments for the first observation is not significantly different, but the observations into two to seven observations to indicate a significant difference between treatments (percentage cherelle wilt on treatment without nutrient elements higher than sprayed). While spraying the treatment factor of plant growth regulators (NAA) is not necessary because the first observation and the two had no significant effect on the percentage of cherelle wilt affected only the third observation and further observations to a fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh again no effect. So is the treatment for fruit length and diameter showed that administration of the micro nutrients necessary for sprayed with micro nutrients result 22.10 cm higher than that is not sprayed is 19.43 cm. As for the diameter of the fruit is affected by plant growth regulators. Treatment is better than 200 ppm 100 ppm and 0 ppm (control). Keywords: NAA, cocoa, mikombi     ABSTRAK   Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh dan unsur mikro terhadap cherelle wilt pada tanaman kakao serta menemukan usaha yang tepat dalam menanggulangi cherelle wilt pada tanaman kakao. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun rakyat Desa Eris Kecamatan Eris Kabupaten Minahasa selama 8 bulan sejak Januari – Agustus 2009. Penyemprotan unsur hara mikro perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi cherelle wilt sebab pada berbagai perlakuan untuk pengamatan pertama tidak berbeda nyata namun pada pengamatan ke dua sampai pengamatan ke tujuh menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan (prosentase cherelle wilt pada perlakuan tanpa unsure hara lebih tinggi dari yang disemprot). Sementara faktor penyemprotan dengan perlakuan zat pengatur tumbuh (NAA) tidak perlu dilakukan sebab pengamatan pertama dan ke dua tidak berpengaruh nyata pada persentase cherelle wilt hanya berpengaruh pada pengamatan ke tiga dan selanjutnya pengamatan ke empat, ke lima, ke enam dan ke tujuh kembali tidak berpengaruh. Begitu juga perlakuan untuk panjang dan diameter buah menunjukkan bahwa pemberian unsur hara mikro perlu dilakukan sebab yang disemprot dengan unsur hara mikro hasilnya 22,10 cm lebih tinggi dari yang tidak disemprot yaitu 19,43 cm. Sementara untuk diameter buah dipengaruhi oleh zat pengatur tumbuh. Perlakuan 200 ppm lebih baik dari 100 ppm dan 0 ppm (kontrol). Eugenia Volume 18 No. 2  Agustus 2012 Kata kunci : NAA, kakao, mikombi

scholarly journals Short Communication: Tetrazolium test for evaluating viability of Capsicum annum seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
ADITYA KUSUMAWARDANA ◽  
BAMBANG PUJIASMANTO ◽  
PARDONO PARDONO
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Tetrazolium Staining ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Kusumawardana A, Pujiasmanto B, Pardono. 2018. Tetrazolium test for evaluating viability of Capsicum annum seeds. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 142-145. Seed quality is important in seeds production. This research was conducted to obtain information of topographical tetrazolium staining pattern of pepper (Capsicum annum) seeds. Tetrazolium test was conducted to determine the seed viability and plant growth vigor. Laboratory test for standard germination and field performances were performed on four lots (A, B, C, D) of pepper seeds. The viability categories pattern were determined by Root Mean Square (RMS), regression, and correlation analyses. Nine topographical patterns were recognized. The laboratory test results and field performances were compared with the topographical pattern. Combination of patterns 1,2 (embryonic axis and cotyledon completely stained) selected as viable category as it gave the least RMS value, the highest determination (R²) and correlation (r) coefficient with standard germination (RMS = 4, 06; R² = 0,761; r = 0,872). Combination of patterns 1,2 also gave the highest determination (R²) and correlation (r) coefficient with field stand (R² = 0,921; r = 0,959). The combination of patterns 1,2 is recommended for estimating plant growth performance in the field.

High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e69341
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel González Pérez ◽  
Nereida Cabrera-García ◽  
Isabel Cayon-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Ex Situ

Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.

The swift parrot Lathamus discolor (Psittacidae), social bees (Apidae), and native insects as pollinators of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hingston ◽  
B. M. Potts ◽  
P. B. McQuillan
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Single Flower ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Pollinator ◽  
Better Than

It has been argued that the production of sufficient nectar to attract bird pollinators would evolve if the fitness benefits accruing from pollination services by birds, compared with insects, outweighed the cost of increased allocation of photosynthate to nectar. This hypothesis implies that the pollination services provided by birds must be considerably better than those provided by insects with which the plant has evolved. Consistent with this, we found that the endangered native swift parrot Lathamus discolor (Shaw) was a very effective pollinator of the native tree Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Tasmania, facilitating an average of 76% of the maximum possible seed set for open-pollinated flowers in just one visit to a flower, whereas single flower visits by native insects did not facilitate any seed production. Flowers visited once by either species of introduced social bees, the honeybee Apis mellifera L. or the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L.), produced less than 7% of the maximum possible seed set for open-pollinated flowers. Hence, easily managed social bees appear to be poor substitutes for bird pollinators in commercial seed orchards of this tree. We propose three possible reasons why this largely bird-pollinated tree has not evolved characters that deter insects from removing nectar.

A RADIANT ENERGY METER AND INTEGRATOR FOR PLANT GROWTH STUDIES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2081-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Brach ◽  
A. R. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Operational Amplifier ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Energy Meter ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Better Than

An instrument designed to indicate, record, and integrate radiant energy sensed by an Eppley thermopile is described. The output of the thermopile is amplified by a d-c. operational amplifier. The amplified output is connected to a meter or a recorder and totalized by an integrator. The output is calibrated in Ly min−1 and the sensitivity in the three recording modes is better than 0.02 Ly min−1.

Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan III. Response of Haricot Bean to Inoculation

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Habish ◽  
Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYField experiments conducted in two localities in two growing seasons on the effect of inoculating haricot bean showed that a local strain of Rhizobium significantly improved nodulation and usually increased the nitrogen content of plants. In three out of four experiments, increases in seed yield were obtained ranging from 20–145 Per cent (significant in two cases). Inoculation was better than 43 kg. N/ha. of combined nitrogen but not better than 86 kg. N. Soil inoculation gave better early nodulation than seed inoculation, but the difference diminished in the later stages of plant growth.

Effects of below- and above-ground herbivores on plant growth, flower visitation and seed set

Oecologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Poveda ◽  
Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter ◽  
Stefan Scheu ◽  
Teja Tscharntke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flower Visitation

Reproductive and ecophysiological attributes of the rare Gardenia actinocarpa (Rubiaceae) compared with its common co-occurring congener, G. ovularis

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun O. Osunkoya ◽  
Perry W. Swanborough
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Ecophysiological Traits ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Female Tree ◽  
Light Gaps

Gardenia actinocarpa Puttock (rare) and G. ovularis F.M.Bailey (widespread) are closely related co-occurring shrub–small trees of rainforests of far north Queensland, Australia.Gardenia actinocarpa is endemic to alluvial lowlands along Noah–Oliver Creeks of Cape Tribulation, whereasG. ovularis spans a wider habitat and occurs on a range of substrates and altitudes. The rare G. actinocarpa is cryptically and strictly dioecious, with a longer reproductive period (9 months) and a low fecundity (1.77 fruits per female tree). In contrast, G. ovularis, although also dioecious, has a shorter reproductive phase (4 months) and produces more fruits (35.76 fruits per female tree), some of which may occur in the absence of fertilisation (apomixis). Under different regimes of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), seed germination percentages and patterns were similar (70–90%) in the two species, although at 37% PAR G. actinocarpa has lower germination (55–68%). The rare G. actinocarpa loses seed viability very rapidly (G. ovularis (37%). Gardenia actinocarpa grows and survives in both closed forest understorey and in small gaps, while G. ovularis prefers light gaps (both small and large). Net photosynthetic measurements of seedlings grown at 2.5 and 37% PAR suggest that the physiological performance of G. actinocarpa is not inferior to that of G. ovularis, although the latter exhibits greater plasticity. In a density-dependent seedling growth experiment, G. actinocarpa, surprisingly, has a superior competitive ability. Thus, the rarity ofG. actinocarpa may be a result of limited fecundity, reduced seed dispersal ability and lack of soil seed-banks rather than inferior vegetative and ecophysiological traits.

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