Classification of Spatially Confined Reactions and the Electrochemical Applications of Molybdenum-Based Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Sitong Guo ◽  
Wen Tan ◽  
Jiyicheng Qiu ◽  
Jinlong Du ◽  
Zhanxu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Material Synthesis ◽  
Electrochemical Application ◽  
And Performance

As a popular material synthesis method, spatially confined reactions have been gradually recognised for their excellent performance in the field of current materials synthesis. In recent years, molybdenum-based catalysts have gradually gained recognition due to high natural reserves of Mo, its low cost, and many other advantages, and they have wide applications in the area of functional materials, especially in topical areas such as batteries and electrocatalysts. In this context, spatially confined reactions have become widely to obtain various types of molybdenum-based electrode materials and electrocatalysts which result in an excellent morphology, structure, and performance. In this review, the concept of a spatially confined reaction system and the electrochemical application (electrode materials and electrocatalyst) of molybdenum-based materials synthesised in this way are comprehensively discussed. The current problems and future development and application of molybdenum-based materials are also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Continuous- versus Segmented-Flow Microfluidic Synthesis in Materials Science

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Gonidec ◽  
Josep Puigmartí-Luis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Segmented Flow ◽  
Materials Synthesis

Materials science is a fast-evolving area that aims to uncover functional materials with ever more sophisticated properties and functions. For this to happen, new methodologies for materials synthesis, optimization, and preparation are desired. In this context, microfluidic technologies have emerged as a key enabling tool for a low-cost and fast prototyping of materials. Their ability to screen multiple reaction conditions rapidly with a small amount of reagent, together with their unique physico-chemical characteristics, have made microfluidic devices a cornerstone technology in this research field. Among the different microfluidic approaches to materials synthesis, the main contenders can be classified in two categories: continuous-flow and segmented-flow microfluidic devices. These two families of devices present very distinct characteristics, but they are often pooled together in general discussions about the field with seemingly little awareness of the major divide between them. In this perspective, we outline the parallel evolution of those two sub-fields by highlighting the key differences between both approaches, via a discussion of their main achievements. We show how continuous-flow microfluidic approaches, mimicking nature, provide very finely-tuned chemical gradients that yield highly-controlled reaction–diffusion (RD) areas, while segmented-flow microfluidic systems provide, on the contrary, very fast homogenization methods, and therefore well-defined super-saturation regimes inside arrays of micro-droplets that can be manipulated and controlled at the milliseconds scale. Those two classes of microfluidic reactors thus provide unique and complementary advantages over classical batch synthesis, with a drive towards the rational synthesis of out-of-equilibrium states for the former, and the preparation of high-quality and complex nanoparticles with narrow size distributions for the latter.

scholarly journals Micro-Structure Determines the Intrinsic Property Difference of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon—A Case Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Yingfang Jiang ◽  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
Yagang Zhang ◽  
Yidan Chen ◽  
Xingjie Zan
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cottonseed Hull ◽  
And Performance

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials have drawn considerable attention due to their natural abundance and low cost. In this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons with high nitrogen content and large surface areas were designed and prepared from cottonseed hull and cattail. The two plant-based biomass compositions are similar, but the structures are very different, generating distinctly different property and performance of the prepared carbon materials. NRPC-112 has good electrochemical properties, while CN800 has good adsorption properties. By comparing the microstructure differences between the two starting materials, it was found that the structure of the raw materials would significantly affect the properties and performance of the materials. The work provided an important theoretical basis and reference for the selection of bio-resources for preparing carbon material. It is also important for choosing the appropriate synthesis method, process optimization, and application scenarios.

Designing ordered nanoarrays from aqueous solutions

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Vayssieres
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
The Creation

The design and large-scale fabrication of ordered arrays consisting of advanced and well-defined building blocks such as quantum dots, nanorods, and nanowires is essential to the creation of new devices based on nanoscience. A concept as well as a growth model and a thin film technique have been developed by the author to contribute to these challenges. These ideas and synthesis method led to the creation of a new generation of functional materials from aqueous solutions with designed morphology and orientation, which are in better adequacy with their applications. Nanomaterials are growing directly onto various substrates by heteronucleation from the thermohydrolysis of aqueous metal salt precursors. Although this bottom-up technique allows the generation of anisotropic and oriented building blocks of various length scales and on many types of substrates, it is carried out without template, surfactant, applied field, or undercoating. Therefore, high-purity, low-cost, and large-scale fabrication of advanced nanomaterials is achieved. In addition, the direct contact growth between 1-D building blocks and their substrate is an essential feature to take full advantage of oriented nanorods, that is, a direct path for electron/hole transport. This specific conformation is of particular interest in developing more efficient devices such as sensors and photovoltaic cells.

Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Zahoor ◽  
Ikram Ullah Lali ◽  
Muhammad Attique Khan ◽  
Kashif Javed ◽  
Waqar Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computer Aided Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnose Breast Cancer ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

: Breast Cancer is a common dangerous disease for women. In the world, many women died due to Breast cancer. However, in the initial stage, the diagnosis of breast cancer can save women's life. To diagnose cancer in the breast tissues there are several techniques and methods. The image processing, machine learning and deep learning methods and techniques are presented in this paper to diagnose the breast cancer. This work will be helpful to adopt better choices and reliable methods to diagnose breast cancer in an initial stage to survive the women's life. To detect the breast masses, microcalcifications, malignant cells the different techniques are used in the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems phases like preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. We have been reported a detailed analysis of different techniques or methods with their usage and performance measurement. From the reported results, it is concluded that for the survival of women’s life it is essential to improve the methods or techniques to diagnose breast cancer at an initial stage by improving the results of the Computer-Aided Diagnosis systems. Furthermore, segmentation and classification phases are challenging for researchers for the diagnosis of breast cancer accurately. Therefore, more advanced tools and techniques are still essential for the accurate diagnosis and classification of breast cancer.

Programmable Integrated Photonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Capmany ◽  
Daniel Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

The Use of Microcomputer Simulations in Undergraduate Neurophysiology Experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
And Performance

Practical classes in neurophysiology reinforce and complement the theoretical background in a number of ways, including demonstration of concepts, practice in planning and performance of experiments, and the production and maintenance of viable neural preparations. The balance of teaching objectives will depend upon the particular group of students involved. A technique is described which allows the embedding of real compound action potentials from one of the most basic introductory neurophysiology experiments—frog sciatic nerve, into interactive programs for student use. These retain all the elements of the “real experiment” in terms of appearance, presentation, experimental management and measurement by the student. Laboratory reports by the students show that the experiments are carefully and enthusiastically performed and the material is well absorbed. Three groups of student derive most benefit from their use. First, students whose future careers will not involve animal experiments do not spend time developing dissecting skills they will not use, but more time fulfilling the other teaching objectives. Second, relatively inexperienced students, struggling to produce viable neural material and master complicated laboratory equipment, who are often left with little time or motivation to take accurate readings or ponder upon neurophysiological concepts. Third, students in institutions where neurophysiology is taught with difficulty because of the high cost of equipment and lack of specific expertise, may well have access to a low cost general purpose microcomputer system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document