Common beans, biodiversity, and multiple stresses: challenges of drought resistance in tropical soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Beebe ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Mura Jyostna Devi ◽  
José Polania
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bean Research ◽  
Poor Soil

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the grain legume with the highest volume of direct human consumption in the world, and is the most important legume throughout Eastern and Southern Africa, cultivated over an area of ~4 million ha. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) drought is the most important production risk, potentially affecting as much as one-third of the production area. Both terminal and intermittent drought prevail in different production regions. The Pan-African Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), coordinated by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT by its Spanish acronym), has participated in projects for both strategic and applied research to address drought limitations, with research sites in six SSA countries. Bean originated in the mid-altitude neo-tropics, and by its nature is not well adapted to warm, dry climates. Efforts at genetic improvement of drought resistance have a long history, exploiting variability among races of common bean, as well as through interspecific crosses. Useful traits are found both in roots and in shoots. Many authors have stressed the importance of harvest index and related parameters to sustain yield of common bean under drought stress, and our field studies substantiate this. Additionally, in tropical environments, soil-related constraints can seriously limit the potential expression of drought resistance, and it is especially important to address multiple stress factors to confront drought effectively in farmers’ fields. Poor soil fertility is widespread in the tropics and constrains root and shoot growth, thus limiting access to soil moisture. Phosphorus and nitrogen deficiencies are especially common, but are not the only limiting soil factors. Soil acidity and accompanying aluminium toxicity limit root development and inhibit access to moisture in lower soil strata. Soil physical structure can also limit root development in some soils, as can poor soil management that leads to compaction. We review efforts to address each of these constraints through genetic means in combination with drought resistance per se.

Identification of candidate phosphorus stress induced genes in Phaseolus vulgaris through clustering analysis across several plant species

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Mario Ramírez ◽  
Oswaldo Valdés-López ◽  
Miguel Lara ◽  
Mesfin Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Signal Transduction Genes

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world’s most important grain legume for direct human consumption. However, the soils in which common bean predominate are frequently limited by the availability of phosphorus (P). Improving bean yield and quality requires an understanding of the genes controlling P acquisition and use, ultimately utilising these genes for crop improvement. Here we report an in silico approach for the identification of genes involved in adaptation of P. vulgaris and other legumes to P-deficiency. Some 22 groups of genes from four legume species and Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding diverse functions, were identified as statistically over-represented in EST contigs from P-stressed tissues. By combining bioinformatics analysis with available micro / macroarray technologies and clustering results across five species, we identified 52 P. vulgaris candidate genes belonging to 19 categories as induced by P-stress response. Transport-related, stress (defence and regulation) signal transduction genes are abundantly represented. Manipulating these genes through traditional breeding methodologies and / or biotechnology approaches may allow us to improve crop P-nutrition.

Comparison of Sources and Lines Selected for Drought Resistance in Common Bean

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Terán ◽  
Shree P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Drought Resistance

scholarly journals The tepary bean genome provides insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Mafi Moghaddam ◽  
Atena Oladzad ◽  
Chushin Koh ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
John P. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis A. Gray), native to the Sonoran Desert, is highly adapted to heat and drought. It is a sister species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume protein source for direct human consumption, and whose production is threatened by climate change. Here, we report on the tepary genome including exploration of possible mechanisms for resilience to moderate heat stress and a reduced disease resistance gene repertoire, consistent with adaptation to arid and hot environments. Extensive collinearity and shared gene content among these Phaseolus species will facilitate engineering climate adaptation in common bean, a key food security crop, and accelerate tepary bean improvement.

Cassava Processing in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Implications for Expanding Cassava Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Izu Nweke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Poor Soil

Cassava makes an important contribution to improving food security and rural incomes in sub-Saharan Africa, as it is tolerant of drought and poor soil and its cultivation does not require much labour. However, the fresh roots are bulky and perishable and need to be processed before they can be marketed; processing also removes the cyanogens which make many varieties poisonous in their raw form. Cassava roots are turned into granules, flours, pastes and chips, with a wide range of flavours and appearances for different areas and markets. Many different processing techniques are used, some of which make intensive use of fuelwood while others require a plentiful water supply. These requirements, as well as the need for a good transport and marketing infrastructure, limit the expansion of cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa, but technical solutions are being found.

Drought Resistance of Common Bean

2019 ◽  
pp. 805-812
Author(s):  
Jose A. Polania ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Drought Resistance

scholarly journals Root traits and their potential links to plant ideotypes to improve drought resistance in common bean

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Polania ◽  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
Idupulapati Rao ◽  
Stephen Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Traits

scholarly journals Major constraints and trends for common bean production and commercialization; establishing priorities for future research

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús José Rodríguez De Luque ◽  
Bernardo Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Priority Setting Process ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Bean Research

In order to identify the principal constraints and trends for common bean production and commercialization and the priorities for future common bean research in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a priority setting process was developed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The results suggested that the principal research included breeding and selecting for several traits, such as drought tolerance and water use efficiency, improved yields, and consumer acceptance (improved cooking time and desired texture after cooking). Additionally, the results of the priority setting process suggested that institutional measures are needed, such as improving formal seed production and distribution channels and the development of national and regional seed policies. On the other hand, the identified principal constraints included diseases, pests, and market constraints. Finally, the identified principal trends were: increase in demand and production, and development of high-yield varieties and improvement in nutritional quality.

Effects of Storage Structure Type and Pesticide Type on The Physico-Chemical Properties of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculatus) After Three Months’ Storage: The Case of Daffiama Bussie Issa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Kwadwo Asante Berchie ◽  
Prosper Maaledoma
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Storage Structure ◽  
Postharvest Management

Cowpea is an important grain legume widely used as food in Ghana and the world at large. It is a significant protein source used by many people in several countries. However, its postharvest management, especially storage, can be problematic because it is easily attached by storage pest insects, particularly Callosobruchus maculatus. Cowpea storage is crucial as the product is protected against damage and deterioration. Also, it is preserved until such a time that market prices are reasonable before they are marketed, enhancing food security. Cowpea grains that are predisposed to insects often attack significantly reduce the quantity and quality, which renders the product unwholesome for human consumption. A survey will be conducted in Daffiama Bussie Issa District in the Upper West Region of Ghana to identify storage structures and storage protectants used by stakeholders to store cowpea. The cowpea variety to be used for the experiment is called ‘songotra’ and is considered the people’s choice. At the end of the storage period, the physical and chemical properties of the cowpea grains were assessed to confirm whether there is a significant effect on them. Test on the viability of seeds will be conducted. The findings will show which storage structure and protectants proved to be more effective by killing the cowpea weevil and unearth the treatment that will offer the highest and lowest protection. Pairwise Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Version 9.0 was used to analyse the survey data. It is recommended that further research is conducted on the quantity of cowpea used for storage with an extended storage period.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Rates of Poultry Manure and Bio-Slurry on the Yield of Solanum aethiopicum Shum

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nanyanzi ◽  
Elizabeth Balyejusa Kizito ◽  
Michael Masanza ◽  
Godfrey Sseruwu ◽  
Moses Makoma Tenywa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Poor Soil

Poor soil fertility remains the major cause of low crop productivity on smallholder farms that are engaging in vegetable production in sub-Saharan Africa. Appropriate soil fertility regimes are therefore critical for improving crop productivity. Its yield has remained low mainly due to poor soil fertility. A field experiment in two different seasons was planted in a Completely Randomized Block Design using Solanum aethiopicum Shum (Nakati). The treatments were 3 sole fertilizer options applied at the following rates: poultry manure and bio-slurry manure at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 t ha-1, NPK (25:5:5) at the recommend application rate for tomato which is a sister crop and a control without any fertilizer. Crop budgets were used to determine the economic optimum rates of both sole applications of manure and combinations of manure with NPK. The sole applications and showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the yield of S. aethiopicum compared with the control. The established biological optimum rates were at 24.19 t ha-1 and 21.51 t ha-1 for poultry manure and bio-slurry respectively. Using the crop budgets it was concluded that the established economic optimum rates were 20 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 for sole poultry manure and bio-slurry respectively. Recommendations for use of sole poultry manure and bio- slurry at the rate of 20 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 respectively were made.

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