Using a bench-top rotor spinning system to measure variation between individual fleeces for predicting yarn and fabric characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Schlink ◽  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
J. Ehni ◽  
R. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rotor Spinning ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Ball Diameter

There is limited information available on variation among individual fleeces in yarn and fabric performance. In this study, 45 mid-side fleece samples (~30 g clean wool) with a wide range in fibre diameter, fibre diameter variation, curvature and felt ball diameter were used to determine whether these fleece characteristics significantly affected yarn and fabric shrinkage, and fabric pilling. Mid-side wool samples ranged from 13.5 to 24.0 µm mean fibre diameter, 46–108°/mm curvature and 22.2–30.2 mm felt ball diameter. Yarn felt shrinkage was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with fibre diameter (r = –0.52), and total yarn shrinkage (r = 0.99). Fabric felt shrinkage was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with curvature (r = –0.62), standard deviation of curvature (r = –0.60), and felt ball diameter (r = –0.51). Fibre diameter and curvature accounted for 31% of the variation in yarn felt shrinkage. Standard deviation of curvature and felt ball diameter accounted for 33% of the variation in fabric shrinkage. Fabric pilling was significantly (P < 0.001) correlated with fibre diameter (r = 0.65), with fibre diameter and standard deviation of curvature accounting for 48% of the variation in fabric pilling. These results show that it is possible to predict yarn and fabric shrinkage and fabric pilling outcomes of individual fleeces using raw wool parameters. This study indicates that there is considerable phenotypic variation between individual Merino fleeces in the properties of yarn and fabric produced, suggesting that it is possible to quantitatively select individual sheep directly for yarn and fabric outcomes to improve the consumer performance of woollen fabrics.

A comparative study of fleece growth in Tasmanian Fine Merino and Wiltshire Horn ewes

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slee ◽  
H. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Three Body

1. From repeated fibre samplings and several skin biopsies on six Tasmanian Fine Merinos and eight Wiltshire Horn adult ewes variations in fibre diameter, fibre growth rate, and fibre regeneration or shedding frequency were measured over a period of 15 months. Slight differences were present in the treatment of the two breeds, but from the combined evidence of the live weights and fibre diameters maintained, it was concluded that these were negligible, that both breeds were under closely comparable conditions, and that their performance was at a moderately high and typical level for each breed.2. In the Merinos fibre diameter (ca. 20 µ) fluctuated little during the period of observation, whereas in the Wiltshires it varied over a wide range from less than 40µ in winter to more than 80µ in summer. There were negligible differences between the three body regions, back, side, and belly, in the Merinos, but in the Wiltshires the belly grew markedly coarser fibres than the other two regions.3. The fibre growth rate in the Merinos did not vary greatly from 7 to 8 mm. per 28 days throughout the period of observation or between the body regions. In the Wiltshires, fibre growth rate showed extreme variations from a minimum of about 3 mm. during the winter to a maximum of about 12 mm. per 28 days at the end of summer, with significant differences between the three body regions. However, in spite of these differences in the mode of growth, the total length of fibre grown per annum at the midside was approximately the same (10 cm.). Thus, were it not for fibre shedding, the Wiltshire Horn breed would grow a short-wool fleece.

Differences in fibre diameter profile characteristics in wool staples from Merino sheep and their relationship with staple strength between years, environments, and bloodlines

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Brown ◽  
B. J. Crook ◽  
I. W. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Change ◽  
Staple Length

This study examined differences in fibre diameter profiles (FDPs) and midside characteristics of Merino sheep in 2 environments, 4 bloodlines, 3 years, and 44 sire groups. Environment significantly (P < 0.05) influenced all characteristics except one measure of fibre diameter change and staple length. Bloodline also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced all characteristics except staple strength. The maximum fibre diameter, one measure of fibre diameter change, and staple length were significantly different (P < 0.05) between sires. Variation in fibre diameter profile characteristics between bloodlines and sires changed across the environment in which the sheep are maintained. Despite these differences between bloodlines and sires in the FDP, midside mean fibre diameter, fibre diameter variation, and staple length, there were no significant differences between bloodlines in staple strength. The relationships between the FDP and midside characteristics with staple strength were also examined over these bloodlines and environments. Along-staple variation in fibre diameter (r = –0.32 to –0.50), between-fibre fibre diameter variation (r = –0.25 to –0.48), rate of fibre diameter change (r = –0.16 to –0.38), and midside variation in fibre diameter (r = –0.25 to –0.51) were all negatively correlated with staple strength. Maximum fibre diameter (r = 0.08 to 0.18), minimum fibre diameter (r = 0.25 to 0.49), and midside mean fibre diameter (r = 0.09 to 0.35) were positively associated with staple strength. FDP characteristics explained 5–30% more variation in staple strength than could be explained using the standard midside characteristics of mean fibre diameter, fibre diameter variation, and staple length alone. These relationships were also different between environments and bloodlines. The inclusion of the FDP characteristics as explanatory variables provided an alternative interpretation for how absolute fibre diameter and fibre diameter variation combine to explain staple strength. These results suggested that animals and sires might be able to be selected on FDP characteristics to improve staple strength. More detailed genetic studies are required before these selection strategies can be recommended.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of vector-borne diseases in two groups of domestic dogs from Lisbon, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Dordio ◽  
Relja Beck ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Jacinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. They have been an issue of growing importance in recent years; however, there is limited information about the vector-borne pathogens circulating in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to detect canine vector-borne bacteria and protozoa of veterinary and zoonotic importance using molecular methods. Methods One hundred and forty-two dogs from Lisbon, southern Portugal, were tested: 48 dogs from a veterinary hospital clinically suspected of vector-borne diseases and 94 apparently healthy dogs from shelters. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Mycoplasma spp. infections were detected by PCR from blood samples and examined under light microscopy. Other information including clinical status and diagnostic test results were collected for each animal. Results Infections were detected by PCR in 48 (33.80%) dogs. Single infections were found in 35 dogs (24.64%), and co-infections were found in 13 (9.15%) dogs. Twenty-nine (20.42%) dogs were positive for Hepatozoon spp., 15 (10.56%) for Mycoplasma spp., 11 (7.75%) for Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., and six (4.21%) for Babesia spp. DNA sequencing was used to identify Babesia vogeli (2.81%), Babesia canis (1.40%), Hepatozoon canis (20.42%), Mycoplasma haematoparvum (2.11%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (8.45%), Anaplasma platys (7.04%), and Ehrlichia canis (0.70%). Conclusions This is the first molecular identification of B. canis and M. haematoparvum in dogs from southern Portugal. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods to identify CVBD pathogens in endemic areas and helps to guide the clinical approach of veterinarians in practice.

scholarly journals Selection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Families for Sustainable Pulpwood Production by Means of Anatomical Characteristics

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Haruna Aiso ◽  
Sapit Diloksumpun ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
Sib Families

Sustainable pulpwood production from fast-growing tree plantations is needed for pulp and paper industries. To increase the pulpwood production efficiency, the anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties of 75 trees from 15 half-sib families of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. planted in Thailand were investigated, and then the family was classified by suitability of wood as raw material for pulp and paper products using principal component analysis and clustering. The mean values of vessel diameter, vessel frequency, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and fibre wall thickness at 2 cm from the cambium were 128 µm, 16 no./mm2, 11.1 µm, 7.1 µm, and 1.88 µm, respectively. In addition, the Runkel ratio, Luce’s shape factor, flexibility coefficient, slenderness ratio, solids factor, and wall coverage ratio (i.e., derived-wood properties) were 0.53, 0.42, 0.64, 85.3, 68 × 103 µm3, and 0.34, respectively. Significant differences in fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, and Runkel ratio were found among families. Although significant differences among families were not found for other anatomical characteristics and derived-wood properties, the p-values obtained by an analysis of variance test ranged from 0.050 to 0.088. Based on the results of a principal component analysis and cluster analysis, 15 families were classified into four clusters with different expected pulp and paper characteristics. The suitability of wood from E. camaldulensis half-sib families for pulp and paper can be evaluated by principal component analysis using anatomical characteristics and physical properties as variables. Based on the results, desirable pulp and paper quality may be obtained through the selection of families from this species.

SET-VALUED PERFORMANCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR THE QUEUE GIVEN PARTIAL INFORMATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Ward Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Third Moment

In order to understand queueing performance given only partial information about the model, we propose determining intervals of likely values of performance measures given that limited information. We illustrate this approach for the mean steady-state waiting time in the $GI/GI/K$ queue. We start by specifying the first two moments of the interarrival-time and service-time distributions, and then consider additional information about these underlying distributions, in particular, a third moment and a Laplace transform value. As a theoretical basis, we apply extremal models yielding tight upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic decay rate of the steady-state waiting-time tail probability. We illustrate by constructing the theoretically justified intervals of values for the decay rate and the associated heuristically determined interval of values for the mean waiting times. Without extra information, the extremal models involve two-point distributions, which yield a wide range for the mean. Adding constraints on the third moment and a transform value produces three-point extremal distributions, which significantly reduce the range, producing practical levels of accuracy.

scholarly journals Tropical cyclones cumulatively control regional carbon fluxes in Everglades mangrove wetlands (Florida, USA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Zhao ◽  
Victor H. Rivera-Monroy ◽  
Luis M. Farfán ◽  
Henry Briceño ◽  
Edward Castañeda-Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMangroves are the most blue-carbon rich coastal wetlands contributing to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis (sequestration) and high soil organic carbon (C) storage. Globally, mangroves are increasingly impacted by human and natural disturbances under climate warming, including pervasive pulsing tropical cyclones. However, there is limited information assessing cyclone’s functional role in regulating wetlands carbon cycling from annual to decadal scales. Here we show how cyclones with a wide range of integrated kinetic energy (IKE) impact C fluxes in the Everglades, a neotropical region with high cyclone landing frequency. Using long-term mangrove Net Primary Productivity (Litterfall, NPPL) data (2001–2018), we estimated cyclone-induced litterfall particulate organic C (litter-POC) export from mangroves to estuarine waters. Our analysis revealed that this lateral litter-POC flux (71–205 g C m−2 year−1)—currently unaccounted in global C budgets—is similar to C burial rates (69–157 g C m−2 year−1) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, 61–229 g C m−2 year−1) export. We proposed a statistical model (PULITER) between IKE-based pulse index and NPPL to determine cyclone’s impact on mangrove role as C sink or source. Including the cyclone’s functional role in regulating mangrove C fluxes is critical to developing local and regional climate change mitigation plans.

scholarly journals Variance prior specification for a basket trial design using Bayesian hierarchical modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M Cunanan ◽  
Alexia Iasonos ◽  
Ronglai Shen ◽  
Mithat Gönen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Inverse Gamma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basket Trial ◽  
Basket Trials ◽  
Variance Parameter

Background: In the era of targeted therapies, clinical trials in oncology are rapidly evolving, wherein patients from multiple diseases are now enrolled and treated according to their genomic mutation(s). In such trials, known as basket trials, the different disease cohorts form the different baskets for inference. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to efficiently use information from all baskets while simultaneously screening to find individual baskets where the drug works. Most proposed methods are developed in a Bayesian paradigm that requires specifying a prior distribution for a variance parameter, which controls the degree to which information is shared across baskets. Methods: A common approach used to capture the correlated binary endpoints across baskets is Bayesian hierarchical modeling. We evaluate a Bayesian adaptive design in the context of a non-randomized basket trial and investigate three popular prior specifications: an inverse-gamma prior on the basket-level variance, a uniform prior and half-t prior on the basket-level standard deviation. Results: From our simulation study, we can see that the inverse-gamma prior is highly sensitive to the input hyperparameters. When the prior mean value of the variance parameter is set to be near zero [Formula: see text], this can lead to unacceptably high false-positive rates [Formula: see text] in some scenarios. Thus, use of this prior requires a fully comprehensive sensitivity analysis before implementation. Alternatively, we see that a prior that places sufficient mass in the tail, such as the uniform or half-t prior, displays desirable and robust operating characteristics over a wide range of prior specifications, with the caveat that the upper bound of the uniform prior and the scale parameter of the half-t prior must be larger than 1. Conclusion: Based on the simulation results, we recommend that those involved in designing basket trials that implement hierarchical modeling avoid using a prior distribution that places a majority of the density mass near zero for the variance parameter. Priors with this property force the model to share information regardless of the true efficacy configuration of the baskets. Many commonly used inverse-gamma prior specifications have this undesirable property. We recommend to instead consider the more robust uniform prior or half-t prior on the standard deviation.

MENTAL HEALTH ACCESS BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Health Access ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Online Access ◽  
Mental Health Access

Mental Health consists of a wide range of conditions affecting an individual’s behavior, mood, and thinking. A gap between providers and consumers exists due to the lack of resources available for online mental health access. Research shows limited information available for processing information and pursuing professional services to become healthy. The purpose of this literature review is to provide framework that contributes to Mental Health online access and improving digital therapy. Suggested approaches listed in addition to graphics that summarize the problem space and provide potential solutions.

Vision-based target point tracking and aiming method

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Liang ◽  
Xinghua Qu ◽  
YuanJun Zhang ◽  
Lianyin Xu ◽  
Fumin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Target Tracking ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Correlation Filtering

Purpose Laser absolute distance measurement has the characteristics of high precision, wide range and non-contact. In laser ranging system, tracking and aiming measurement point is the precondition of automatic measurement. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a novel method. Design/methodology/approach For the central point of the hollow angle coupled mirror, this paper proposes a method based on correlation filtering and ellipse fitting. For non-cooperative target points, this paper proposes an extraction method based on correlation filtering and feature matching. Finally, a visual tracking and aiming system was constructed by combining the two-axis turntable, and experiments were carried out. Findings The target tracking algorithm has an accuracy of 91.15% and a speed of 19.5 frames per second. The algorithm can adapt to the change of target scale and short-term occlusion. The mean error and standard deviation of the center point extraction of the hollow Angle coupling mirror are 0.20 and 0.09 mm. The mean error and standard deviation of feature points matching for non-cooperative target were 0.06 mm and 0.16 mm. The visual tracking and aiming system can track a target running at a speed of 0.7 m/s, aiming error mean is 1.74 pixels and standard deviation is 0.67 pixel. Originality/value The results show that this method can achieve fast and high precision target tracking and aiming and has great application value in laser ranging.

scholarly journals Adaptive responses in men fed low- and high-copper diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Harvey ◽  
Gosia Majsak-Newman ◽  
Jack R. Dainty ◽  
D. John Lewis ◽  
Nicola J. Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Stable Isotope Label ◽  
Isotope Label ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
True Absorption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cu Homeostasis

The study of Cu metabolism is hampered by a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers of status and suitable isotopic labels, but limited information suggests that Cu homeostasis is maintained through changes in absorption and endogenous loss. The aim of the present study was to employ stable-isotope techniques to measure Cu absorption and endogenous losses in adult men adapted to low, moderate and high Cu-supplemented diets. Twelve healthy men, aged 20–59 years, were given diets containing 0·7, 1·6 and 6·0 mg Cu/d for 8 weeks, with at least 4 weeks intervening washout periods. After 6 weeks adaptation, apparent and true absorption of Cu were determined by measuring luminal loss and endogenous excretion of Cu following oral administration of 3 mg highly enriched65Cu stable-isotope label. Apparent and true absorption (41 and 48% respectively) on the low-Cu diet were not significantly different from the high-Cu diet (45 and 48% respectively). Endogenous losses were significantly reduced on the low- (0·45mg/d;P<0·001) and medium- (0·81 mg/d;P=0·001) compared with the high-Cu diet (2·46mg/d). No biochemical changes resulting from the dietary intervention were observed. Cu homeostasis was maintained over a wide range of intake and more rapidly at the lower intake, mainly through changes in endogenous excretion.

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