Evaluation of three herbicides for the control of grasses in rices

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
BB Fischer ◽  
DJ Swain ◽  
EB Boerema
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Excellent Control

Increased rice yield was obtained when the predominant grasses infesting rice fields in the Murrumbidgee irrigation areas of New South Wales were effectively controlled. Ordram (ethyl hexahydro-1 H-azepine-1-carbothioate) applied at pre-sowing and at post-emergence of the rice and grass, gave excellent control of grasses. Propanil, applied to vigorously growing barnyard grass in its 2-3 leaf stage of development, also gave very effective control. Ordram, applied at pre-sowing at less than two inches from the germinating rice seed in the soil of applied at pre-emergence in the water when the plumule of the germinating seed had to grow through the herbicide treated soil, reduced the density of the stand or the vigour of the rice seedlings.

Competition between rice and barnyard grass (Echinochloa). 2. The response to nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in pots

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
CR Kleinig ◽  
JC Noble
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The results are presented of four glasshouse experiments conducted at Deniliquin, New South Wales, investigating the competition between rice (Oryza sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) grown on Riverina clay. A study of the response to nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur showed that Echinochloa tillering was favoured as level of nutrient supply increased. Echinochloa severely depressed rice tillering and yield. Delayed application of nitrogen did not result in any increase in rice yield when competing with Echinochloa. In the absence of Echinochloa competition, rice tillering and grain yield responded to both added nitrogen and phosphorus, but there was no significant yield response to sulphur. Rice panicle production (fertile tillering) was strongly influenced by nutrient supply and was, in turn, related to final grain yield of rice.

scholarly journals Limited Sustained Local Transmission of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in New South Wales, Australia

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Di Giallonardo ◽  
Angie N. Pinto ◽  
Phillip Keen ◽  
Ansari Shaik ◽  
Alex Carrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Local Transmission

Australia’s response to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic led to effective control of HIV transmission and one of the world’s lowest HIV incidence rates—0.14%. Although there has been a recent decline in new HIV diagnoses in New South Wales (NSW), the most populous state in Australia, there has been a concomitant increase with non-B subtype infections, particularly for the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF01_AE. This aforementioned CRF01_AE sampled in NSW, were combined with those sampled globally to identify NSW-specific viral clades. The population growth of these clades was assessed in two-year period intervals from 2009 to 2017. Overall, 109 NSW-specific clades were identified, most comprising pairs of sequences; however, five large clades comprising ≥10 sequences were also found. Forty-four clades grew over time with one or two sequences added to each in different two-year periods. Importantly, while 10 of these clades have seemingly discontinued, the remaining 34 were still active in 2016/2017. Seven such clades each comprised ≥10 sequences, and are representative of individual sub-epidemics in NSW. Thus, although the majority of new CRF01_AE infections were associated with small clades that rarely establish ongoing chains of local transmission, individual sub-epidemics are present and should be closely monitored.

Growth is impeded by gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned rather than suckling meat-breed lambs in a high summer rainfall region, on the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Dever ◽  
L. P. Kahn ◽  
E. K. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Rainfall Region

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that the effects of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) on growth of meat-breed lambs would be absent during the suckling period and greatest after weaning. The experiment was a single factor design conducted on five farms over 2012–2014, using meat-breed lambs (Poll Dorset × Border Leicester/Merino), which were either GIN-suppressed (SUP) or not (NSUP). The experiment commenced at lamb marking and continued for 5 months. SUP lambs were serially treated with short- and long-acting anthelmintics. NSUP lambs were not treated before weaning and at weaning received a short-acting multi-active drench with subsequent treatments varying between farms. Worm egg count (WEC) of NSUP lambs were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than SUP lambs at weaning (1170 and 10 epg) and thereafter (P < 0.0001) reaching 920 epg 2 months after weaning. Haemonchus contortus was the predominant species present in NSUP lambs with smaller contributions from Trichostrongylus spp. There was no effect of GIN control on lamb growth during the pre-weaning period (SUP 17.2 kg vs NSUP 17.0 kg, P = 0.093), whereas GIN reduced growth of lambs by 0.5 kg (SUP 7.1 kg vs NSUP 6.6 kg, P = 0.002) in the last month of observation. There was no effect of GIN control on lamb mortality. GIN did not affect growth of suckling meat-breed lambs despite high WEC at weaning indicating resilience to GIN infection in lambs growing at 200 g/day. In contrast, post-weaning growth was reduced by GIN infection, despite effective treatment at weaning and movement to GIN ‘safe’ pastures. The susceptibility of weaned lambs to the effects of GIN infection highlights the importance of effective control measures at this time.

Insecticides for the control of dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Wright
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Field trials were carried out in the Brunswick River district of New South Wales from 1971 to 1975 to evaluate insecticides against dieldrin-resistant banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Effective control was obtained by spraying the bases of plants and surrounding soil to a radius of 30 cm in spring and autumn with pirimiphos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos emulsions at 2.24 kg active ingredient ha-1 (1.12g per plant) per application. Chlordecone dust, pirimiphos-ethyl granules and chlorpyrifos powder sprinkled by hand at 2.8 kg ha-1 a.i. (1.42 g per plant) per application also gave effective control and could be used where water is unavailable.

Weed control when establishing irrigated lucerne (Medicago sativa)

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
WL Felton ◽  
AC Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
South Wales

Three experiments were done at Tamworth, New South Wales, on weed control during lucerne establishment. In experiment 1, autumn sown, trifluralin incorporated in the soil eight weeks before sowing provided better control than benefin of grasses (mainly Poa annua) and deadnettle (Lamium amplexicaule). Neither of these treatments controlled shepherds purse (Capsella bursa pastoris), reduced lucerne density nor increased its yield. Post emergent treatment with 2,4-DB or prometryne increased lucerne yield, the latter being the more effective. In experiment 2, also autumn sown, the problem weeds were deadnettle and shepherds purse. Trifluralin and benefin both increased lucerne yield when applied either one or three weeks before sowing, but hay quality, as gauged by weed contamination, was not improved. Post emergent application of prometryne increased lucerne yield and improved the quality of the hay. Experiment 3 was spring sown. The problem weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp), was controlled by benefin and trifluralin, resulting in greater lucerne yield and better hay quality. Trifluralin was more effective when applied three weeks before sowing compared with one week.

Socio-economic and biological impact of the feral pig in New South Wales: An overview and alternative management plan.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feral Pig

Feral pigs are widely distributed in Australia and have increased their range despite extensive control efforts. They pose a management dilemma because they are simultaneously an agricultural pest, endemic and exotic disease hazard, environmental liability, export commodity and recreational resource. These attributes and values vary with place, time and observer perceptions. In this paper, I briefly review the socio- economic and biological impact of the feral pig in New South Wales. An alternative multiple use management plan is presented, which minimizes costs and conflict by integrating the requirements for cost-effective control of agricultural damage and exotic disease with the commercial and recreational values of the feral pig. The proposal is based on: local ('buffer zone') control near susceptible enterprises; sustainable yield harvesting; regulated recreational hunting; and appropriate exotic disease contingency plans.

Additional tests on the effects of pesticides on cryptic species of blue oat mite (Penthaleus spp.) and the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor)

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Robinson ◽  
A. A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Earth mites (Halotydeus destructor, Penthaleus spp.) are important pests of crops and pastures in southern Australia during the winter and spring. A recent study showed that control of these mites is complicated by different responses of species to several pesticides, with one cryptic species (Penthaleus falcatus) being particularly tolerant. In this study, earth mites were tested against 4 other chemicals registered for mite control (alpha-cypermethrin, phosmet, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin) in an attempt to identify useful pesticides to counter control failures. Furthermore, an isolated population of an undescribed cryptic Penthaleus species (P. sp. x) from northern New South Wales was tested for its response to 8 pesticides. Species responded differently to all pesticides. Halotydeus destructor was usually the least tolerant species except in the case of phosmet where P. major was the least tolerant species. For alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, tolerance of all Penthaleusspecies was similar or higher than that of H. destructor. Penthaleus falcatus had a relatively higher tolerance to phosmet than all other species. The response of P. sp. x (New South Wales) to chlorpyrifos was inconsistent between trials and the response of this species to lambda-cyhalothrin was complex. Penthaleus sp. x (New South Wales) was generally more tolerant than H. destructor but not as tolerant as P. falcatus. The results highlight the fact that mite species need to be identified when considering control options and suggest that effective control recommendations need to be developed for each individual species.

Effect of herbicide and application of superphosphate and subterranean clover seed on regeneration of vulpia in pastures

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dowling ◽  
A. R. Leys ◽  
B. Plater
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Summary. The annual grass vulpia has become one of the main weed problems in permanent pasture and cropping areas across southern Australia. The effect of herbicides and management (application of superphosphate and subterranean clover seed) on regeneration of vulpia in pasture was evaluated over a 2 year period at 6 sites in central and southern New South Wales (Beckom, Wagga Wagga, Eugowra, Bathurst, Holbrook and Millthorpe) during 1989–91. Four herbicide strategies (nil, spraytopping with paraquat in spring 1989, winter cleaning with simazine in winter 1990, and spraytopping with paraquat in spring 1989 followed by winter cleaning with simazine in 1990) were evaluated at a low (no added superphosphate or subterranean clover seed) and high level (250 kg/ha additional superphosphate applied in autumn 1989 and again in autumn 1990, plus 10 kg/ha subterranean clover seed broadcast in 1989) of management. Herbicides decreased the incidence of vulpia (as assessed from seedling density and pasture composition measurements) at low and high levels of management, with simazine and the combined paraquat plus simazine treatment providing more effective control than paraquat. The population of vulpia, however, increased rapidly on both the simazine and paraquat treatments with time. On the paraquat plots, this resulted in a similar or greater vulpia density as the unsprayed control within 2 years of application. The higher level of management encouraged greater density of subterranean clover and nitrophilous species (e.g. barley grass where present), resulting in greater competition against vulpia, and extending the period of control conferred initially by the herbicides. Control of vulpia over the longer term will require integration of herbicides with other management strategies (e.g. superphosphate, additional seed, careful grazing management). Such an approach needs to be implemented on a more regular basis than is currently practised if the impact of vulpia in pastures is to be minimised.

Population suppression in the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Strumeta) Tryoni. II. Experiments on isolated populations in Western New South Wales

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bateman ◽  
AH Friend ◽  
F Hampshire
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New South ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Complete Discussion ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Scale Control

This is the second paper in a series describing experiments designed to investigate the potential usefulness of chemical lures for the suppression of isolated populations of the Queensland fruit fly. The experiments reported here were done in two consecutive years and involved 12 country towns in central and north-central New South Wales. Three of the towns were treated with a male-attractant plus an insecticide; three were treated with a general lure plus an insecticide; three others received a combination of both treatments; and the remaining three were left untreated for comparison. In the first year neither single treatment had any significant effects on the populations, while the double treatment achieved an acceptable level of control. In the second year the performances of both single treatments improved greatly, while the combined treatment gave excellent control. It is shown that isolated populations of fruit fly can be suppressed by these means.The implications of these results for future large-scale control of the Queensland fruit fly are discussed briefly. More complete discussion must await publication of further developments of this work, which will be reported in later papers in this series.

Response of wheat cultivars to early post-emergence herbicides containing MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid)

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Leys ◽  
RB Hinkley ◽  
JA Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
New South ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Main Tiller

In southern New South Wales in 1978 and 1979, the responses of 10 spring wheat cultivars to early post-emergence applications of MCPA, bromoxynil plus MCPA, and dicamba plus MCPA, were evaluated. The herbicides were applied at the rate recommended by their manufacturer (1x), and at 3 times this rate (3x). Cultivars differed in their responses to these treatments and herbicide tolerance was related to the stage of development of the apical meristem of the main tiller at the time of spraying. Olympic, Shortim and Egret were the most sensitive cultivars and their grain yield, averaged over rate and year, was reduced by 33, 19, and 15% respectively. Songlen, Jabiru and Durati were the most tolerant cultivars. Songlen was not affected by any herbicide, even when the 3x rates were used, while the grain yields of Jabiru and Durati were only reduced in 1 year, and then only by the 3x rate of dicamba plus MCPA. The remaining cultivars, Kite, Gamenya, Condor and Lance, were intermediate in their response to these herbicide treatments. Delaying the application of 1 of these herbicides, dicamba plus MCPA, until spikelet initiation, minimised yield reductions. Correlations between visual assessment of crop damage and grain yield reduction varied between cultivars and between herbicides.

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