Comparison of the yield, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and rust infection (Puccinia coronata) of irrigated ryegrass swards in south-eastern Queensland

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (122) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler ◽  
H Ostrowski ◽  
SL Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Thirteen ryegrass (Lolium spp.) cultivars and three mixtures of cultivars were evaluated in a series of experiments over four years at two sites in south-eastern Queensland. Stands were sown at 30 kg/ha of viable seed and fertilized with 50 kgN/ha at sowing and after each defoliation. After an establishment period of 6-8 weeks, stands were defoliated every 21 d. Lolium multiflorum cv. Midmar was the highest yielding or equally highest yielding cultivar in three of the four years. Its forage production was better distributed over the full growing season (April- December) and its foliage was less affected by leaf rust (Puccinia coronata Corda) than any other single cultivar. L. rigidum cv. Wimmera was the best cultivar for early season production (before June) and the perennial cultivars (L. perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley and [L. multiflorum x L. perenne] x L. perenne cv. Grasslands Ariki) and cv. Midmar were superior late in the season (September-December). There was little difference in the performance of the other annual (L. multiflorum) cultivars before September. Grasslands Tama gave poorest late season yields. The only mixture that yielded more than its individual components was the Grasslands Tama/Grasslands Ariki combination. Its yield and the distribution of that yield were equivalent to cv. Midmar. Midmar had slightly lower nitrogen levels in the foliage than the other cultivars, but differences were not substantial. The relative ranking of ryegrass cultivars for resistance to rust was Midmar > Kangaroo Valley and Grasslands Ariki > Richmond and Tetila > Grasslands Manawa and Grasslands Paroa > Grasslands Tama, Wimmera, Tetrone and Tetralite.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF TOFU AND SAGO PULP AS ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER AND ITS APPLICATION TO MUSTARD PLANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Romelos Untailawan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Macro Nutrients

Tofu waste and sago pulp are waste that has the potential to pollute the environment because it creates unpleasant aesthetic odors. On the other hand, this second waste still contains nutrients, especially macro nutrients, so it can be used as a material for making liquid organic fertilizer. In this study, both materials were used as liquid organic fertilizer through the fermentation process with the addition of EM4 liquid and the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus elements by the Kjheldal method and spectrophotometry. Based on the research results obtained Nitrogen levels in tofu waste, sago pulp and liquid organic fertilizer in a row: 2.2558%; 0.4236% and 0.0382%. While the phosphorus content in a row: 0.024%; 0.014%; and 0.012%. The results of the application of liquid organic fertilizer on mustard plants gave a tendency to increase plant height, leaf length, leaf width of mustard plants, but there was no addition of leaf blade for 14 days after planting

scholarly journals Production of annual winter forage sown before and after soybean harvest under different nitrogen fertilization levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Francisco Migliorini ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Laércio Ricardo Sartor ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pattis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Before And After

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals VIII. On the descending degenerations which follow lesions of the gyrus marginalis and gyrus fornicatus in monkeys

1889 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 331-354
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant

The following paper contains the record of an investigation into the degenerations which follow lesions of the gyrus marginalis and gyrus fornicatus in Monkeys. The work has been carried on under my direction by Mr. France, with the aid of a grant from the Government Grant Fund, and represents part of a long investigation into the degenerations which follow artificially produced cerebral lesions, the material for which has been furnished by cases operated upon in conjunction respectively with Professor V. Horsley and Dr. Sanger Brown. These cases and the physiological results of the operations have already been published in the ‘Philosophical Transactions.’ The experiments here dealt with, twelve in number, comprise only the lesions of the gyrus marginalis and gyrus fornicatus, and, with one exception (case 12), are taken from the series of experiments performed in conjunction with Mr. Horsley. Of the twelve cases, six were of removal, or attempted removal, of the gyrus marginalis, and six of removal, or attempted removal, of the gyrus fornicatus. But in only one or two instances was the lesion, as determined by post-mortem examination, exactly limited to the convolution which it was attempted to remove, for in most cases the adjacent gyrus was to a certain extent involved in the injury. This was especially the case when removal of the gyrus fornicatus had been attempted, on account of its deep situation, and the difficulty of getting at it without some manipulation of the superjacent gyrus. Nevertheless, the removal of one or the other gyrus was sufficiently complete in all the cases here selected to produce characteristic symptoms and characteristic descending degenerations.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

An assessment of the factors controlling the productivity of maize in England

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting ◽  
G. E. Blackman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Other Hand

Between 1942 and 1950, some thirty field experiments have been carried out in the southern half of England to assess the potential value, either for grain or forage production, of seventeen openpollinated flint or dent maizes together with twentynine single or double hybrids of American or Canadian origin.Early-maturing flint varieties will consistently ripen grain, but before mechanical threshing or storage, the cobs require drying. Sibthorp, a mass selection made from an unknown German variety, is the earliest and most productive flint maize so far tested, and in the experiments has yielded as much as 39 cwt. of grain per acre with an average of 24 cwt. The earliest American hybrids, i.e. those with a U.S.A. rating of 80 days from sowing to maturity, give very high yields of grain in favourable seasons. Within the group Wisconsin 240–275, a yield level equal to or exceeding 50 cwt./acre has on occasion been recorded. On the other hand, in the most unfavourable years, such hybrids just failed to produce ripe cobs.Attempts to maintain sixty-five parent inlines of the earliest hybrids have largely failed. However, many of the parent single crosses have matured, and the production on a field scale of the double-cross seed of both Wisconsin 240 and 255 has been carried out.Spacing experiments indicate that for optimum grain production a density of 6 plants/sq.yd. is required for both flint varieties and the earliest hybrids. A spatial arrangement of individual plants is to be preferred to that of groups or hills.American hybrids, in the class of ‘90 days’ to maturity, will in all but the most unfavourable seasons reach the ‘early-dent’ stage of the grain before the incidence of autumn frosts. Yields of dry matter of plants harvested in this phase have ranged from 30 to 85 cwt. of dry matter per acre. In these trials, the plant density was standardized at 4 plants/sq.yd. and higher densities may be demanded for optimal yields.The ratio of the ‘ear’ (that is, the cob, immature grain and enclosing leaf sheaths) to the total shoot weight at harvest varies greatly with the variety or hybrid. With White Horsetooth, the usual variety grown for fodder in England, no cobs are formed before the plants are killed by frost, while with the early hybrids, the ear may be half the weight of the whole shoot.The earliest variety Sibthorp from an early May sowing takes approximately 70–80 days to reach full anthesis, while ‘80-day’ American hybrids are a week later. From sowing to full maturity the period in England is from 140 to 160 days, thus compared to conditions in Minnesota the period is nearly twice as long. Because of the much slower rate of development and because of the humidity of English autumns, it is concluded that until the date of maturity can be advanced some 14 days, grain production on a field scale is not yet feasible. On the other hand, many of the American hybrids are well fitted to the production of silage. The greatest drawback to the introduction of such hybrids is the liability of the seed and seedlings to be attacked by rooks.

scholarly journals XXI. On the construction of a new calorimeter for determining the radiating powers of surfaces in air; and its application to the surfaces of various mineral substances

1860 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 379-408
Keyword(s):  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
Heated Body ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Quantity Of Heat ◽  
Limited Induction

When my paper on the Conductivity of various Substances was presented to the Society, it was intimated to me on the part of the Council of the Society, that it might be advisable to determine absolute instead of relative conductivities, the latter being alone attempted in my previous experiments. It has been partly in consequence of this intimation, as well as from the desire to make my investigations the more complete, that I have given my attention to the construction of a calorimeter which might serve for this purpose. The present communication contains a description of this instrument, with the results which it has enabled me to obtain respecting the absolute quantities of heat which emanate from the surfaces of certain substances under given conditions. 1. When a body is placed in atmospheric air (or any gas), the quantity of heat which is lost from its surface in a given time, when its temperature is higher than that of the surrounding medium, will be greater than if it were placed in a vacuum, other conditions remaining unaltered. In the latter case the heat escapes by simple radiation; in the other case a portion of the heat also escapes in consequence of the contact of the air with the surface of the heated body. Dulong and Petit ascertained by a careful series of experiments, the laws according to which the mercury contained in the bulb of a thermometer cools, or those which govern the quantity of heat which escapes from the surface of the containing bulb, when placed in a vacuum, in air, or in several kinds of gases. These experiments were made with the glass bulb naked, and also when it was silvered, so that the laws of radiation which they established were strictly in reference only to surfaces of glass and those of silver. Certain laws were identical in both these cases, and hence it was concluded, though by a limited induction, that the same laws were applicable to all other surfaces. They did not, however, give the absolute quantity of heat which, under given circumstances, and in a given time, emanates from the surfaces of the glass or silver with which they experimented. The instrument which I have constructed gives very easily this absolute amount of heat, as I believe, with very approximate accuracy.

Assessment of bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus content in the sediments of Indian mangroves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudhistir Reddy ◽  
Dipnarayan Ganguly ◽  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Mamidala Harikrishna Prasad ◽  
Paneer Selvam Arumughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Indian Mangroves

The grand platform of Huangchengtai at Shimao site in Shenmu, Shaanxi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The Core ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Stone Carvings ◽  
Longshan Period

Abstract Remains of the grand platform in the locus of Huangchengtai at Shimao site in Shenmu, Shaanxi was discovered and excavated during the 2018–2019 season. The south-eastern corner and southern buttress of the platform were revealed. The locations of the other three sides of the buttresses were also preliminarily confirmed. As many as 70 stone carvings were discovered from multiple contexts, including the surface of the southern buttress, the floor of the corridor, as well as the debris of the southern buttress inside the corridor. The relative chronology of this platform and stone carvings cannot be later than the late Longshan period. The absolute date ranges from 2000 BCE to 1800 BCE. Fieldwork performed at the grand platform encourages multiple archaeological discussions, including the settlement layout within the Huangchengtai area, the nature of the settlement, and its role as the core of the Shimao site.

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