Effect of superphosphate application on the phosphorus status of breeding cattle grazing Townsville stylo based pastures in northern Queensland

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (123) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Loxton ◽  
GM Murphy ◽  
MA Toleman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Townsville Stylo ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The performance of Brahman crossbred cows grazing annual grass plus Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humils) pasture with or without superphosphate fertilizer was monitored over a two year period. The animals were introduced to the experimental areas as yearling helfers and remained until weaning of their first calf. Levels of phosphorus In rib bone varied between 145 and 172 mg/ml. At weanlng, levels were higher on the fertilized than on the unfertilized pasture (172 vs. 157 mg/ml). Calcium levels in rib bone varied between 329 and 362 rng/ml and paralleled bone phosphorus levels. Pasture nitrogen levels were similar on both pastures but phosphorus levels were higher on the fertilized area. Faecal analyses reflected this same pattern with faecal nitrogen levels being similar on both pastures, and faecal phosphorus levels higher on the fertilized pasture. Liveweight changes of cows and calf weaning weights were greater in groups grazing the fertilized pasture. It is hypothesized that this superior performance is a function of increased feed intake resulting from increased phosphorus intake on the fertilized area although the possible contribution of sulfur cannot be overlooked.

Whole sorghum inclusion and feed form on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mabelebele ◽  
R. M. Gous ◽  
H. V. Masey O'Neil ◽  
P. A. Iji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect

SummaryA total of 432, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned as a 2 × 4 factorial design (pellet or mash and 0, 25, 50, and 75% whole sorghum levels) in a completely randomised experiment, having six replicates with nine birds per replicate. Body weight and feed intake were measured on a pen basis at 10, 25, and 35 days of age and feed conversion ratio calculated. Pelleting diets significantly improved (P<0.05) feed intake, body weight and carcass yield of broiler chickens at 10 and 24 days of age. Heavier relative gizzard weights with lower pH (P<0.05) were recorded for broiler chickens offered mash diets at 35 days old. Feed conversion ratio at 35 days of age increased (P<0.035, quadratic effect) with higher levels of whole sorghum and levelled off at 75% inclusion rates. Relative gizzard weight at 35 days was marginally increased (P<0.033, linear effect) in line with rising sorghum levels. Similarly, relative bursa and liver weights at 35 days increased (P<0.037, quadratic effect and P<0.033, linear effect, respectively) with sorghum inclusion. The results showed that pelleted diets gave superior performance compared to mash diets. Although higher levels of sorghum inclusion in mash diets enhanced gizzard development, performance parameters of birds at 35 days of age were poorer, with 125 g less body weight and an increase in FCR from 1.51 to 1.62 for the 0% and 75% sorghum levels respectively.

scholarly journals Assessing Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Serum Phosphorus in Adults with Liver Conditions: NHANES 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 341-341
Author(s):  
Sowmiya Muthuraju ◽  
Derek Miketinas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Abstract Objectives Patients with liver conditions may have increased phosphorus turnover which can increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and other complications. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to quantify the usual intake of phosphorus, assess serum phosphorus (SP) levels across levels of liver conditions, and to estimate and assess the odds for having critically low phosphorus levels across adults with and without liver conditions. Methods Data were obtained from the NHANES 2015–2016 cycle. Adults were divided into four groups based on self-reported responses from the NHANES medical history questionnaire: liver cancer (LC), unspecified current liver condition (CLC), unspecified resolved liver condition (RLC), and no liver condition. Usual intake was estimated using the NCI method and all analyses were adjusted to account for the complex, multistage, probability sampling design. Results Usual phosphorus intake was highest in participants with RLC (1399 ± 26.5 mg) and lowest in participants with LC (1267 ± 140.7 mg). Although the percentage of those meeting the EAR for phosphorus was high (&gt;95%), SP levels are lowest in participants with LC. SP levels differed slightly across liver conditions: participants with LC had a SP level of 1.0 ± 0.07 mmol/L, while participants with CLC, RLC, or no liver conditions had SP levels of 1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/L, 1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/L, and 1.2 ± 0.02 mmol/L, respectively. Participants with CLC had a usual phosphorus intake of 1350 ± 49.6 mg, and those who had no liver conditions had a usual phosphorus intake of 1387 ± 18.5 mg. The odds for normal phosphorus levels in participants with LC was low (Odds = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01–0.45); the odds for CLC participants having normal SP levels was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.15); the odds for normal SP levels in participants with RLC were 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3–3.75), and the odds for normal SP in participants with no liver conditions odds for low were 1.9, (95% CI: 1.71–2.14). Conclusions These results indicate that patients with liver cancer are at higher risk of hypophosphatemia, and that phosphorus recommendations for patients with liver cancer may need to be adjusted. However, the variability in this subpopulation with liver cancer is high and warrants further investigation. Funding Sources None.

Effect of time of cessation of wet season grazing on Townsville stylo-annual grass pasture at Katherine, N.T

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (64) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJT Norman ◽  
LJ Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Townsville Stylo

A Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis)-annual grass pasture at Katherine, N.T., was subjected to a series of treatments in 1969-70 and 1970-71 under which plots were grazed heavily from the beginning of the wet season for a period and then allowed to recover undefoliated for the remainder of the season. The dates at which heavy grazing ceased were spaced at 2-week intervals from November 24 to March 16. At the end of the wet season, total dry matter yield was linearly related to length of recovery period. Townsville stylo yield declined as recovery period was reduced from 18 to 8 weeks, but showed little response to a further reduction to 4 weeks. In contrast, annual grass yield showed little change as recovery period was reduced from 18 to 8 weeks, but fell with a further reduction to 4 weeks. As a result, the proportion of Townsville stylo in the pasture at the end of the season was high with long and short recovery periods but reached a minimum with an 8 - 10 week recovery period. Dry conditions prevailed in the first half of both seasons. The evidence suggests that young Townsville stylo is sensitive to heavy grazing when under water stress, and that early grazing for grass control should be imposed only during periods of active growth.

scholarly journals Effect of different phosphorus levels on the performance and egg quality of laying hens fed wheat- and maize-based diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 420-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
V. Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Diet Type ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of diet type (wheat- or maize-based) and concentration of available phosphorus (AP; about 4, 3 and 2 g/kg) on the parameters of hen performance and egg quality as well as shell calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were examined. Two experiments were carried out in which 240 and 120, respectively, older ISA Brown hens were housed in enriched cages. The interaction of diet type and AP concentration was ascertained for all evaluated characteristics except the amount of Ca and P deposited in shells in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the interaction of diet type and AP concentration was found for feed intake, egg weight, shell thickness and weight as well as the albumen quality parameters. Furthermore, Ca deposition in shells increased (P &lt; 0.001) with the wheat diet. Hens fed a maize-based diet (P &lt; 0.001) laid heavier eggs. The highest level of AP (4.1 g/kg) in the wheat-based diet significantly (P &lt; 0.001) decreased albumen height, albumen index and Haugh units (HU). These trends were the same in both experiments. The results indicate that 0.27% AP in wheat-based diet and 0.30% AP in maize-based diet are adequate for hens with the intake 115 g of feed with 3.5% of Ca without a negative impact on performance or egg quality.

Studies on goat nutrition Part I. Minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance-endogenous urinary nitrogen and metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
The One ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. EUN and MFN excretions have been determined in goats on a N-low ration and also on a N-free ration. The values obtained were,EUN = 0·052 g./kg. live weight andMFN = 0·41 g./100 g. dry-matter feed intake.2. The values so determined with the two feeding regimens, for both the EUN and MFN agreed very closely.3. The minimum protein requirement of goats for maintenance, as calculated from the EUN value, is 0·65 lb./1000 lb. live weight.4. The formula for calculating the utilizable protein requirement for this species is found to be P = 0·89. W0.734, and is almost identical with the one given by Mitchell.5. The usefulness of the above formula in predicting the EUN of immature goats is discussed.

Inflorescence development of semidwarf and standard height wheat cultivars in different photoperiod and nitrogen treatments

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A comparative study was made of the growth and development of the shoot apex/inflorescence in two contrasting spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: Marquis—a standard height, day-length-sensitive type; and Pitic 62—a semidwarf, Norin 10 derivative with relatively low day-length sensitivity. The effects of 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, and 24-h photoperiods and of two nitrogen levels in 12 and 20 h on both cultivars were determined, as well as those of two phosphorus levels on Marquis in 20 h.Apical primordium production continued for a longer duration in Pitic than in Marquis, and the initiation of spikelet primordia was delayed. Spikelet development was more synchronous in Pitic than in Marquis in all treatments. Apical spikelet formation always coincided in both cultivars with the initiation of rachis internode extension. Inflorescence development after termination of spikelet primordia formation was as fast in Pitic as in Marquis (or faster in short photoperiods).In general, increasing N increased the rate and duration of primordium production (apical spikelet formation occurring later at high N), and delayed inflorescence development and extension. These effects were more pronounced in Pitic, resulting in much greater N responses for spikelet and grain numbers per spike, and for grain yields per spike. Effects of high P were similar to those of high N. Increasing photoperiod increased the rate, but decreased the duration of primordium production, and accelerated the development and the extension growth of the inflorescence.The results are discussed in relation to a postulated involvement of endogenous gibberellins and inhibitors in the regulation of inflorescence growth and development.

scholarly journals Feed intake and production parameters of lactating crossbred cows fed maize-based diets of stover, silage or quality protein silage

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efrem Gebrehawariat ◽  
Berhan Tamir ◽  
Azage Tegegne
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Production Parameters

The feed intake of grazing cattle. I. Feed intake of dairy cows on strip and free grazing

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes ◽  
H. El Sayed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strip Grazing

1. Eight Ayrshire milk cows were grazed for four 3-week periods from July to October 1957 in a balanced sequence on two strip-grazed and two free-grazed paddocks, each of two acres. Feed intake and digestibility were estimated by the chromic-oxide faecal-nitrogen method.2. There was no significant difference in average feed digestibility between the treatments. Free grazing cows ate 30·4 lb. dry matter per day and strip grazing cows 28·9 lb. The difference was just significant (p<0·05). There was no significant difference in milk yield, live-weight or live-weight gain per cow.3. Total feed output per acre was 11% greater on strip grazing when measured by utilised starch equivalent but only 1 % greater when measured by estimated feed consumption. The data suggest that strip-grazed cattle needed less energy for grazing.4. The results are discussed with reference to their accuracy, their implications on grazing management and their correspondence with estimates of food requirements based on indoor feeding standards.

COMPUTER MAPPING OF ALBERTA SOIL TEST DATA

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. CAMERON ◽  
J. A. TOOGOOD
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Weighted Moving Average ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A circular mapping function based on the principle of a weighted moving average was applied in a computer program to the available Alberta soil test data, and nutrient levels of soils in the province were plotted and contoured. The finished maps displayed clearly marked trends. Variation in nitrate-nitrogen levels for samples from fallow and cropped land was readily seen, but correlation with soil zone was not well marked. Available phosphorus levels were relatively higher on the Solonetzic soils in central Alberta. Exchangeable potassium levels appeared to be closely related to the soil zones of Alberta. The mapped pH values presented the least variable picture. The electronic computer was essential for the mapping of data as reported in this study, and future applications of the computer to other soil data appear to be unlimited.

The effect of age and live-weight on the feed intake of grazing wether sheep

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hadjipieris ◽  
G. W. Jones ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Clover Pasture

SUMMARY1. Estimates of the voluntary feed intake of three age groups of wether sheep on ryegrass and white clover pasture from July to October, 1962, were made by total collection of faeces and the use of local faecal nitrogen-digestibility regressions.2. Average faecal output and intake of digestible organic matter (DOM) increased with age of the sheep. However, relative to body weight (W) or to W073, the aged sheep (5 years old), which did not change much in weight over the period, consumed only about two-thirds of the DOM consumed by the younger (sixteen- and four-month-old) growing sheep.3. For the growing sheep intake was directly related to weight. Intake was calculated to be 24 W (kg.)–28 ±108 g. DOM per day.4. The results are discussed in relation to the errors in estimation of digestibility. Comparison of the intake estimates with other published data suggests there was a high apparent maintenance requirement. The voluntary feed intakes observed, when expressed as g. dry matter per kg. W0–73, were somewhat higher for young sheep but lower for aged sheep than estimates of previous authors.

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