Carcass weights of cattle in relation to breed, sex, age, region of origin and season

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Taylor ◽  
PW Ladds ◽  
ME Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Effects on carcass weights of region of origin, season and year of slaughter, breed, sex, age and pregnancy status were examined for 4229 cattle slaughtered in selected Australian abattoirs in 1973 and 5708 cattle in 1977-78. For non-pregnant cows slaughtered in 1973, the relationship between carcass weight and presence of cyclic activity of the ovaries was examined at slaughter. Data from abattoirs in Rockhampton, Mackay and Townsville are also presented on carcass weights of about 641 000 cattle killed from January 1977 to November 1979. In 1977-78, at abattoirs in northern, central and eastern Australia, carcass weights of slaughtered bulls averaged 269 kg, steers 263 kg and cows 188 kg, compared with mean carcass weights of 263, 276 and 186 kg for all bulls, steers and cows killed in 3 northern Queensland abattoirs during 1977-79. Cows slaughtered in north-eastern Australian abattoirs in 1973 averaged 160 kg. After adjusting for breed, sex and age differences, carcass weights of cattle slaughtered in 1977-78 differed by region of origin, with greater weights from subtropical than from northern tropical and coastal regions; and by season of slaughter, with lowest weights being recorded in spring. Carcass weights of cows from tropical regions and slaughtered in 1973 increased by 10 kg (British breed), 32 kg (Brahman) and 69 kg (British x Brahman), as age increased from 2 to 5 years. With increased age beyond 5 years, carcass weights of these cows decreased. Conversely, carcass weights of British breed cows reared in subtropical regions and slaughtered in 1977 increased by 37 kg throughout the 2-12 year age range. After adjusting for breed, age, season and regional differences, mean carcass weights of non-pregnant, cycling cows and cows grouped according to trimester of pregnancy were not different. Carcass weights of cows which were non-pregnant and non-cycling were 12 kg less than cows which were non-pregnant but cycling. Cycling prevalence in Brahman cows exceeded those of British breed or British x Brahman cows from northeastern Australia, when compared at the same age and carcass weight. Age had no effect on cycling prevalence when cows were compared at the same carcass weight.

Relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index and Australian sugarcane yields

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kuhnel
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation Index ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index and the sugarcane yield anomalies at 27 mills in north-eastern Australia (Queensland) for the period 1950-1989. The major results of this work indicate that the SO1 alone seems to have only a limited value as predictor of total sugarcane yields over large areas (i.e. the whole of Queensland). However, on a smaller scale, the SO1 appears to be a useful indicator of yields for the northern sugarcane districts. In these northern areas, the highest correlations with the SO1 are reached during the southern hemisphere spring and summer months 6 to 11 months prior to the harvest. They are negative and explain about 40% of the total variance. They also suggest that a positive SO1 during the spring and summer months tends to be followed by lower-than-normal yields at the following harvest and vice versa. This signal is rather robust and withstands rigorous significance testing. Moreover, it appears that the relationship between the SO1 and the sugarcane yields has been relatively strong and stable for the past 40 years, but weakened substantially during the 1930-1940 period.

Responses of serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and Duchess rock phosphate

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship

The responses of yellow serradella, slender serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and an apatite rock phosphate from Duchess, north-eastern Australia, were measured in a field experiment near Esperance, W.A. Over the 16 months of the experiment, dry herbage yields depended upon the phosphorus content of dried herbage. For each sampling time, the relationship between dry herbage yield and the phosphorus content of dried herbage was similar for both fertilizers and for all three species. At each rate of fertilizer application, the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants from the rock phosphate was less than that from superphosphate, and this limited yield. When fertilized with superphosphate, subterranean clover absorbed less phosphorus than the serradellas for each rate of fertilizer application, and this also reduced yield. Thus less phosphorus from superphosphate was required to produce serradella than was required to produce the same weight of subterranean clover. When fertilized with rock phosphate, 1982 herbage production was in the order: yellow serradella> subterranean clover>slender serradella. 1982 seed yields were: subterranean clover>yellow serradella> slender serradella. 1 983 herbage yields were: slender serradella>yellow serradella> subterranean clover. For herbage yields, for each rate of fertilizer application, this order was also dictated by the amount of phosphorus absorbed by each of the three species.

scholarly journals Redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus): spatial distribution and dispersal pattern in Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Surya Gentha Akmal ◽  
Agus Santoso ◽  
Yonvitner ◽  
Ernik Yuliana ◽  
Jiří Patoka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Dispersal Pattern ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Relationship

Cherax quadricarinatus is a parastacid crayfish native to parts of north-eastern Australia and southern New Guinea. It is a relatively large and highly fecund species in comparison with other crayfish of this genus. Since C. quadricarinatus was previously assessed as an invasive species in Indonesia, further monitoring of this species in this region was recommended. Detailed understanding of its spatial behaviour can be the basis for further research aimed at improved management. Field sampling was performed outside its native range in Java, Indonesia from 2019–2020, resulting in data useful for modelling the species' spatial distribution. The occurrence of the species was confirmed in 66 of 70 surveyed localities with 51 new records for Indonesia. Future investigations focused on the relationship between the spatial distribution and dispersal pattern of C. quadricarinatus and its interactions with native biota and entire ecosystems were recommended.

Response of field-grown maize to applied magnesium in acidic soils in north-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Aitken ◽  
T. Dickson ◽  
K. J. Hailes ◽  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gypsum Application

Split-plot field experiments, with main plots consisting of various rates of calcitic lime and single rates of dolomite, gypsum, and calcium silicate, were conducted at each of 4 sites to determine the effect of band-applied magnesium (Mg) on maize yield. The sites were acidic with pH values of 4.5, 4.9, 5.0, and 6.1 and exchangeable Mg levels of 0.16, 0.10, 6.0, and 2.0 cmol(+)/kg, respectively. Magnesium significantly (P < 0.05) increased grain yield at the 2 low-Mg sites, both of which were strongly acidic and responsive to lime application, but the nature of the Mg × lime interaction was different at each of the 2 responsive sites. The absence of a response to Mg at lime rates ≥1 t/ha at one responsive site was attributed to the presence of small amounts of Mg in the calcitic lime and/or an improved root environment enabling better exploitation of the soil Mg. Supplying a readily soluble source of Mg in the fertiliser band also resulted in increased grain yield in the gypsum, dolomite, and calcium silicate treatments at the 2 Mg-responsive sites. When the initial soil pH was strongly acidic, exchangeable Mg levels increased with increasing lime rate, suggesting that the small quantities of Mg that occur in the majority of liming materials may be of importance with respect to Mg nutrition. In contrast, gypsum application exacerbated the Mg deficiency at one site. The relationship between grain yield response and soil Mg level across all sites indicated that above an exchangeable Mg level of 0.27 cmol(+)/kg there would be little likelihood of a response to applied Mg.

Taxonomic and faunistic revision of Australian Diaphanosoma (Cladocera : Sididae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Korovchinsky
Keyword(s):  
Type Material ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Examination of all type material and specimens collected from south-eastern, north-eastern and eastern Australia revealed five Diaphanosoma species in the Australian fauna, one of which is new- D. australiensis. D. excisum and D. unguiculatum are redescribed, and the lectotypes and paralectotypes of these species distinguished. The relationship of the Diaphanosoma fauna in Australia to that of other zoogeographical regions is discussed.

History of the family Malpighiaceae in Australia and its biogeographic implications: evidence from pollen

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
The Family ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern South America

Three pollen types of the family Malpighiaceae have been identified in the Tertiary fossil record of south-eastern Australia. There are two species of the family native to Australia and they have the same pollen type. There was thus a greater diversity of malpighiaceous taxa during the Tertiary than there is today. The family is found mainly in tropical regions and it is thought that northern South America was the centre of origin. The restriction of the two species to coastal north-eastern Australia suggests recent migration into the area and gives no hint of the long history of the family in Australia.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

scholarly journals The Chloroplast Phylogenomics and Systematics of Zoysia (Poaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Se-Hwan Cheon ◽  
Min-Ah Woo ◽  
Sangjin Jo ◽  
Young-Kee Kim ◽  
Ki-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Sequence

The genus Zoysia Willd. (Chloridoideae) is widely distributed from the temperate regions of Northeast Asia—including China, Japan, and Korea—to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Among these, four species—Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia sinica Hance, Zoysia tenuifolia Thiele, and Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav.—are naturally distributed in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we report the complete plastome sequences of these Korean Zoysia species (NCBI acc. nos. MF953592, MF967579~MF967581). The length of Zoysia plastomes ranges from 135,854 to 135,904 bp, and the plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, which consists of a pair of inverted repeat regions (20,962~20,966 bp) separated by a large (81,348~81,392 bp) and a small (12,582~12,586 bp) single-copy region. In terms of gene order and structure, Zoysia plastomes are similar to the typical plastomes of Poaceae. The plastomes encode 110 genes, of which 76 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contain single introns and one gene has two introns. Three evolutionary hotspot spacer regions—atpB~rbcL, rps16~rps3, and rpl32~trnL-UAG—were recognized among six analyzed Zoysia species. The high divergences in the atpB~rbcL spacer and rpl16~rpl3 region are primarily due to the differences in base substitutions and indels. In contrast, the high divergence between rpl32~trnL-UAG spacers is due to a small inversion with a pair of 22 bp stem and an 11 bp loop. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 59 different locations in Z. japonica, 63 in Z. sinica, 62 in Z. macrostachya, and 63 in Z. tenuifolia plastomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Zoysia (Zoysiinae) forms a monophyletic group, which is sister to Sporobolus (Sporobolinae), with 100% bootstrap support. Within the Zoysia clade, the relationship of (Z. sinica, Z japonica), (Z. tenuifolia, Z. matrella), (Z. macrostachya, Z. macrantha) was suggested.

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