scholarly journals Fruit growth and sink strength in olive (Olea europaea) are related to cell number, not to tissue size

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Silvia Caporali ◽  
Sofiene B. M. Hammami ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno-Alías ◽  
Hava Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Olive Cultivar ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between tissue (mesocarp and endocarp) growth and either tissue initial (i.e. in the ovary at bloom) size or cell number was studied using the olive cultivar Leccino (L) and its mutated clone (LC), which produces tetraploid fruits. LC ovaries were 2.7 times the volume of L ovaries, but contained an overall similar number of much larger cells. This allowed decoupling cell number and ovary size, which are normally closely correlated. With this decoupling, cell number in the ovary correlated with tissue growth in the fruit while tissue size in the ovary did not. Cell size in the ovary was inversely correlated with the tissue relative growth from bloom to harvest (i.e. the ratio between final and initial tissue size). These results support the hypothesis that cell number and not tissue size are related to fruit growth and sink strength, and that cell size in the ovary tissues is a good predictor of tissue growth, across cultivars and tissues, even when cell size is strongly affected by ploidy.

Tissue size and cell number in the olive (Olea europaea) ovary determine tissue growth and partitioning in the fruit

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Silvia Caporali ◽  
Sofiene B. M. Hammami ◽  
Inmaculada Moreno-Alías ◽  
Andrea Paoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Regression ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The relationship between tissue size and cell number in the ovary and tissue size in the fruit, was studied in eight olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars with different fruit and ovary size. All tissues in the ovary increased in size with increasing ovary size. Tissue size in the fruits correlated with tissue size in the ovary for both mesocarp and endocarp, but with different correlations: the mesocarp grew about twice as much per unit of initial volume in the ovary. Tissue size in the fruit also correlated with tissue cell number in the ovary. In this case, a single regression fitted all data pooled for both endocarp and mesocarp, implying that a similar tissue mass was obtained in the fruit per initial cell in the ovary, independent of tissues and cultivars. Tissue relative growth from bloom to harvest (i.e. the ratio between final and initial tissue size) differed among cultivars and tissues, but correlated with tissue cell size at bloom, across cultivars and tissues. These results suggest that in olive, tissue growth and partitioning in the fruit is largely determined by the characteristics of the ovary tissues at bloom, providing important information for plant breeding and crop management.

scholarly journals Rootstock Effects on Growth, Cell Number, and Cell Size of `Gala' Apples

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya K. Al-Hinai ◽  
Teryl R. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Load Effects

The effects of rootstock on growth of fruit cell number and size of `Gala' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) were investigated over three consecutive seasons (2000-02) growing on Malling 26 (M.26), Ottawa-3, Pajam-1, and Vineland (V)-605 rootstocks at the Peninsular Agricultural Research Station near Sturgeon Bay, WI. Fruit growth as a function of cell division and expansion was monitored from full bloom until harvest using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell count and cell size measurements showed that rootstock had no affect on fruit growth and final size even when crop load effects were removed. Cell division ceased about 5 to 6 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) followed by cell expansion. Fruit size was positively correlated (r2 = 0.85) with cell size, suggesting that differences in fruit size were primarily a result of changes in cell size rather than cell number or intercellular space (IS).

scholarly journals YAP regulates cell size and growth dynamics via non-cell autonomous mediators

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douaa Mugahid ◽  
Marian Kalocsay ◽  
Xili Liu ◽  
Jonathan Scott Gruver ◽  
Leonid Peshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

The Hippo pathway regulates organ size, regeneration, and cell growth by controlling the stability of the transcription factor, YAP (Yorkie in Drosophila). When there is tissue damage, YAP is activated allowing the restoration of homeostatic tissue size. The exact signals by which YAP is activated are still not fully understood, but its activation is known to affect both cell size and cell number. Here we used cultured cells to examine the coordinated regulation of cell size and number under the control of YAP. Our experiments in isogenic HEK293 cells reveal that YAP can affect cell size and number by independent circuits. Some of these effects are cell autonomous, such as proliferation, while others are mediated by secreted signals. In particular CYR61, a known secreted YAP target, is a non-cell autonomous mediator of cell survival, while another unidentified secreted factor controls cell size.

YAP independently regulates cell size and population growth dynamics via non-cell autonomous mediators

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douaa Mugahid ◽  
Marian Kalocsay ◽  
Scott Gruver ◽  
Leonid Peshkin ◽  
Marc W. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

SummaryThe Hippo pathway, in which changes at the cell surface and in the extracellular environment control the activity of a downstream transcription factor, known as YAP in mammalian cells and Yorkie in Drosophila, has recently taken center-stage as perhaps the most important pathway in metazoans for controlling organ size. In intact tissues YAP activity is inhibited and the organ does not overgrow. When the organ is damaged, YAP is active and necessary for growth and regeneration to occur. The exact process by which YAP drives organ and tissue growth is not fully understood, although it is known to affect both cell size and cell number. Since cell size and proliferation are highly interdependent in many cultured cell studies, we investigated the role of YAP in the simultaneous regulation of both cell size and number. Our experiments reveal that YAP controls both cell size and cell proliferation by independent circuits, and that it affects each process non-cell autonomously via extracellular mediators. We identify that CYR61, a known secreted YAP target, is the major regulator of the non-cell autonomous increase in cell number, but does not affect cell size. The molecular identity of the non-cell autonomously acting mediator of cell size is yet to be identified.

Growth of tissues and organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 921-940
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

‘Growth of tissues and organs’ is an overview of the general principles of tissue growth due to changes in cell size (normal and pathological atrophy, hypertrophy including pathological conditions) or cell number (hyperplasia). Neoplasia, the formation of neoplasms (i.e. cancerous tumours), is considered, including naming conventions for neoplasms, their morphology, and molecular mechanisms of formation and growth, including gains in gene function (proto-oncogenes, such as p53 and adenomatous polyposis coli) and environmental carcinogens, and the role of metastasis in disease progression. Finally, their treatment by chemotherapy and radiobiology is discussed.

Changes in the relationship between porcine fetal size and organ development during pregnancy

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
P. F. N. Silva ◽  
A. M. Finch ◽  
C. Antipatis ◽  
C. J. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
The Relationship

Individual piglet birthweight is a major determinant of subsequent survival and weaning weight of the litter. Low birthweight piglets are more likely to die from starvation and thermoregulatory stress than their heavier littermates, while those that do survive grow more slowly and reach a lower mature body weight with a higher body fat to muscle ratio. Inadequately grown porcine fetuses are often characterised by assymetrical organ development although it is not clear when this difference in relative organ size arises and whether this is a consequence of changes in cell size or cell number. The objectives of this study were to assess a range of determinants of fetal growth at stages of gestation and to determine when changes in the relationship between fetal size and organ development occur.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Growth in Apple Fruits II. Respiratory and Other Metabolic Activities as Functions of Cell Number and Cell Size in Fruit Development

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Robertson ◽  
JF Turner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Apple Fruits

The relationship of respiratory activity and quantities of the chemical constituents to fruit size, cell size, and cell number in apple fruits of the variety Granny Smith were examined.

scholarly journals The bantam Gene Regulates Drosophila Growth

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (4) ◽  
pp. 1527-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Hipfner ◽  
Katrin Weigmann ◽  
Stephen M Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Abstract We report here the consequences of mutations of a novel locus, named bantam, whose product is involved in the regulation of growth in Drosophila. bantam mutant animals are smaller than wild type, due to a reduction in cell number but not cell size, and do not have significant disruptions in patterning. Conversely, overexpression of the bantam product using the EP element EP(3)3622 causes overgrowth of wing and eye tissue. Overexpression in clones of cells results in an increased rate of cell proliferation and a matched increase in cellular growth rate, such that the resulting tissue is composed of more cells of a size comparable to wild type. These effects are strikingly similar to those associated with alterations in the activity of the cyclinD-cdk4 complex. However, epistasis and genetic interaction analyses indicate that bantam and cyclinD-cdk4 operate independently. Thus, the bantam locus represents a novel regulator of tissue growth.

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