scholarly journals “Basically you wait for an ‘in’’’: community pharmacist views on their role in weight management in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Gray ◽  
Rachel Chamberlain ◽  
Caroline Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Health Community

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Obesity is now widely regarded as the main contributor to poor health globally, overtaking tobacco as the leading potentially modifiable risk to health. Community pharmacists are delivering an increasing number of extended services and are potentially well placed to contribute to obesity management strategies. No studies to date have investigated the views of community pharmacists in New Zealand about their role in weight management. AIM To explore the views of community pharmacists in one region of New Zealand about their role in weight management, including the perceived barriers and facilitators to their involvement. METHODS Qualitative, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 11 community pharmacists from the Greater Wellington region. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using an inductive approach. RESULTS Four key themes were identified from data analysis. These were: (i) perceptions of obesity; (ii) perceptions of weight management treatment options; (iii) the unique position of the community pharmacist; and (iv) barriers to involvement. The main barriers described included: (i) a lack of time and remuneration; (ii) the absence of an appropriate space within the pharmacy to discuss weight-related matters; (iii) and a lack of awareness of who to contact for specialist support. DISCUSSION Community pharmacists in Greater Wellington believe that they have a distinct role in their local community and can contribute to a multidisciplinary approach to reduce levels of obesity. Further work is required to determine the most appropriate role for community pharmacy in weight management and the training needs for pharmacy staff to optimally fulfil this role.

scholarly journals Experiences of the Pharmacy-Led Weight Management Service: Views of Service Providers in England

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Aliki Peletidi ◽  
Reem Kayyali
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Training And Support

Obesity constitutes one of the main modifiable risks of developing cardiovascular disease. In the UK, in 2016, 30% of the adult population were obese (30% of females and 29% of males). Community pharmacies are ideally situated to offer weight management (WM) services, enabling individuals to control and lose their excess weight. This study aimed at exploring the views of the pharmacy-led WM service providers in England. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 trained community pharmacists and pharmacy staff—11 (73.3%) from Kent, three (20%) from Kingston and Richmond and one (6.7%) from Hackney and City—offering the WM service, either owning or working in independent pharmacies or for pharmacy chains. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and anonymised. The analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: training and support, barriers and approach. Interestingly, service providers (SP) stated that obesity is a tough topic to talk about: they found it difficult to start a conversation about it, even if they had received training to facilitate this role. Additionally, several barriers for running such a service were identified, such as lack of time, too much work pressure and too little advertising, which could potentially lead to poor sustainability of the service. SPs can effectively intervene in an individual’s weight through the WM service that they offer. It is clear that further training should be provided in order for SPs to feel more comfortable in approaching and communicating with people and to increase the public’s awareness of the pharmacy-led WM service, so as to ensure the service’s sustainability.

scholarly journals Electronic transmission of prescriptions in primary care: transformation, timing and teamwork

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Chloë Campbell ◽  
Caroline Morris ◽  
Lynn McBain
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Handwritten Signature ◽  
Purposive Sample

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in New Zealand in March 2020, there was a rapid shift to virtual consultations in primary care. This change was supported by system adjustments to enable electronic transmission of prescriptions without a handwritten signature if they met certain security criteria. International research suggests potential for unintended consequences with such changes, so it is important to understand the effect on professional practice in New Zealand general practice and community pharmacy.AIMThe purpose of this study was to undertake a preliminary exploration of the experiences of New Zealand general practitioners and community pharmacists when prescriptions are transmitted electronically directly from prescriber to pharmacy.METHODSSemi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of four pharmacists and four general practitioners gathered qualitative data about their experiences of the shift to electronic transmission of prescriptions. Participants’ perceptions of effect on professional workflow, interprofessional interactions between general practitioners and pharmacists, and interactions with patients were explored. Interviews were audio-recorded, and the data analysed thematically using an inductive approach.RESULTSFour themes were identified: workflow transformation; mixed impact on interactions with patients; juggling timing and expectations; and new avenues for interprofessional communication (with some cul-de-sacs).DISCUSSIONBoth general practitioners and pharmacists experienced transformational changes to workflow. This was positive for general practitioners due to saved time and increased work flexibility. Pharmacists noted potential benefits but also some challenges. To fully reap teamwork benefits, more work is needed on managing the timing issues and patient expectations, and to refine the new modes of communication between health-care practitioners.

scholarly journals Perceptions of UK Community Pharmacists on Current Consultation Skills and Motivational Interviewing as a Consultation Approach: A Qualitative Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Zahraa Jalal ◽  
Sania Akhtar ◽  
Katherine Finlay ◽  
Kathryn King ◽  
Neera Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Consultation Skills

Objectives: Community pharmacists’ roles in the UK are evolving; pharmacists currently deliver a wider range of clinical services with more patient-focused care. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate UK community pharmacists’ views on their current communication skills in pharmacist-patient facing consultations, and (ii) to explore the perceptions of UK community pharmacists towards the application of motivational interviewing (MI) in a pharmacy consultation. In-depth qualitative face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with ten practicing community pharmacists were carried out, ranging from 30–60 min in length. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was employed. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) the fight for time; (2) wrestling with consultation styles; (3) a personal communication evolution; and (4) unfamiliar but engaging motivational interviewing. These themes demonstrated the juxtaposition between the desire for patient-centred care and the pressures of managing broader dispensing work. Participants were critical of academic and continuous professional learning (CPD) training in communication skills and there was a strong recognition of the potential role of MI in promoting patient autonomy and outcomes. Participants recognized a few elements of MI techniques in their current consultations, but welcomed further training on behavioral change for effective consultations, expressing a desire for practical MI-specific training. Face-to-face CPD of consultation skills is needed to avoid the feeling of isolation among UK practicing pharmacists and rigidity in consultation delivery. Support for community pharmacists from other pharmacy staff could relieve current pressures and allow pharmacists time to develop and acquire effective skills for patient facing roles. Behavioural change consultation skills training for pharmacists could be an effective strategy to address these current challenges.

scholarly journals Community pharmacist perceptions of clinical medication reviews

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Bryant ◽  
Gregor Coster ◽  
Ross McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Utilization Review ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Medication Reviews

INTRODUCTION: Changes in delivery of health care services has led to pressure for community pharmacists to extend their traditional role and become more involved with patient-focussed services such as medication reviews, in collaboration with general practitioners (GPs). This has not been generally implemented into routine practice, and many barriers have been suggested that inhibit community pharmacists extending their role. These have often focussed on physical or functional barriers. This study explores possible attitudinal factors that prevent increased participation of community pharmacists in medication reviews undertaken in collaboration with GPs. METHODS: Twenty community pharmacist participants who participated in the General Practitioner– Pharmacist Collaboration (GPPC) study were interviewed. The GPPC study investigated the outcomes of community pharmacists undertaking a clinical medication review in collaboration with GPs, and the potential barriers. Semi-structured interviews were analysed using a general inductive thematic approach. FINDINGS: Emerging themes were that community pharmacists perceived that they were not mandated to undertake this role, it was not a legitimate role, particularly from the business perceptive, and pharmacists were concerned that they lacked the skills and confidence to provide this level of input. CONCLUSION: While there is concern that community pharmacists’ skills are underutilised, there are probable attitudinal barriers inhibiting pharmacists from increasing their role in clinical medication reviews. Perceived legitimacy of the service was a dominant theme, which appeared to be related to issues in the business model. Further investigation should consider the use of a clinical pharmacist working within a general practice independent of a community pharmacy. KEYWORDS: Community pharmacy services; drug utilization review; primary healthcare; health plan implementation

scholarly journals Housing structure and occupant behaviour to increase the environmental and health co-benefits of housing: Insights from expert interviews in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X1989796
Author(s):  
Aditi Bunker ◽  
Till Bärnighausen ◽  
Alistair Woodward ◽  
Chris Bullen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Occupant Behaviour ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Housing Structure ◽  
Housing Standards ◽  
Combining Information

Both housing structure and occupant use of homes influence health outcomes and carbon emissions. However, it remains unclear how these elements interact. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 technical experts in the New Zealand housing and health sectors. We applied the general inductive method for qualitative data analysis and generated frameworks for ‘housing structure’ and ‘occupant behaviour’ including: (i) issues or barriers, (ii) solutions or facilitators and (iii) potential interventions. Addressing the location, aspect and design of the house were seen to offer the greatest gains in energy efficiency, indoor temperature and air quality. Insulation, heating and ventilation were the most critical technologies for promoting health. Raising consumer expectations of housing standards was thought to be critical to boost demand and drive supply for better quality housing. Participants proposed that sharing personal stories, combining information with active strategies (demonstration, skill rehearsal) and providing incentives were promising strategies to realise the full potential of health-enhancing home design. Schools and the local community were identified as suitable settings. We conclude that public health interventions should not only aim to build homes that maximise health and environmental outcomes but must also pay attention to how occupants behave and interface with their houses.

Canadian Pain Society and Canadian Rheumatology Association Recommendations for Rational Care of Persons with Fibromyalgia. A Summary Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1388-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Fitzcharles ◽  
Peter A. Ste-Marie ◽  
Don L. Goldenberg ◽  
John X. Pereira ◽  
Susan Abbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Life Pattern ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Improved Function ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Objective.To summarize the development of evidence-based guidelines for the clinical care of persons with fibromyalgia (FM), taking into account advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of FM, new diagnostic criteria, and new treatment options.Methods.Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and patient followup were drafted according to the classification system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and following review were endorsed by the Canadian Rheumatology Association and the Canadian Pain Society.Results.FM is a polysymptomatic syndrome presenting a spectrum of severity, with a pivotal symptom of body pain. FM is a positive clinical diagnosis, not a diagnosis of exclusion, and not requiring specialist confirmation. There are no confirmatory laboratory tests, although some investigation may be indicated to exclude other conditions. Ideal care is in the primary care setting, incorporating nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies in a multimodal approach with active patient participation. The treatment objective should be reduction of symptoms, but also improved function using a patient-tailored treatment approach that is symptom-based. Self-management strategies combining good lifestyle habits and fostering a strong locus of control are imperative. Medications afford only modest relief, with doses often lower than suggested, and drug combinations used according to clinical judgment. There is a need for continued reassessment of the risk-benefit ratio for any drug treatment. Outcome should be aimed toward functioning within a normal life pattern and any culture of disablement should be discouraged.Conclusion.These guidelines should provide the health community with reassurance for the global care of patients with FM with the aim of improving patient outcome by reducing symptoms and maintaining function.

scholarly journals Looking Back to Move Forward: Lessons From Three Decades of Research and Management of Cetacean Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Fumagalli ◽  
Marta Guerra ◽  
Tom Brough ◽  
William Carome ◽  
Rochelle Constantine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Stressor ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Cetacean tourism in Aotearoa New Zealand is now over 30 years old and has experienced substantial growth in visitor numbers and operations. The industry is remarkably diverse, targeting several dolphin and whale species, and encompassing varied habitats in coastal waters, fiords and submarine canyons. The knowledge and experience collected over these past 30 years has both advanced the global understanding of cetacean tourism, and influenced scientific practices for its study and management. Here we review the approaches taken in quantifying the impact of cetacean tourism in New Zealand, and critically assess the efficacy of the research and management strategies adopted. We place particular focus on the Bay of Islands, Hauraki Gulf, Kaikoura, Akaroa and Fiordland, areas that include the oldest, and longest studied industries nationally. We propose a set of best research practices, expose the most notable knowledge gaps and identify emerging research questions. Drawing on perspectives from the natural and social sciences, we outline the key determinants of failure and success in protecting cetacean populations from the detrimental impact of tourism. We suggest four golden rules for future management efforts: (1) acknowledge cetacean tourism as a sub-lethal anthropogenic stressor to be managed with precaution, (2) apply integrated and adaptive site- and species-specific approaches, (3) fully conceptualize tourism within its broader social and ecological contexts, and (4) establish authentic collaborations and engagement with the local community. Lastly, we forecast upcoming challenges and opportunities for research and management of this industry in the context of global climate change. Despite New Zealand's early establishment of precautionary legislation and advanced tourism research and management approaches, we detected flaws in current schemes, and emphasize the need for more adaptive and comprehensive strategies. Cetacean tourism remains an ongoing challenge in New Zealand and globally.

scholarly journals New Zealand pharmacists’ experiences, practices and views regarding antibiotic use without prescription

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majd Dameh ◽  
Pauline Norris ◽  
James Green
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Business Orientation

INTRODUCTION: Very few studies have investigated pharmacists’ views, experiences and practices regarding the use of antibiotics without prescription. This study aimed to explore through self-report and hypothetical scenarios what factors determine New Zealand pharmacists’ behaviour and attitudes towards non-prescription use of antibiotics. METHODS: A purposeful sample of 35 registered community pharmacists of differing ethnic backgrounds was selected from a mixture of pharmacies that predominantly either serve New Zealand European customers or customers of other ethnicities. Semi-structured interviews including general background questions and six hypothetical scenarios were used for the investigation. Pharmacists’ ethnicity, education, years of experience, and customers’ ethnicity may influence their views, experiences and practices regarding the use of antibiotics without prescription. Customer demand or expectation, business orientation and competitiveness within community pharmacies, standards and practice of fellow pharmacists, ethics and professionalism, legislation, enforcement of the legislation, and apprehension of the consequences of such practice were hypothesised to have an effect on antibiotic use or supply without prescription by pharmacists. FINDINGS: The supply of antibiotics without prescription is not common practice in New Zealand. However, personal use of antibiotics without prescription by pharmacists may have been underestimated. Pharmacists were aware of legalities surrounding selling and using antibiotics and practised accordingly, yet many used antibiotics without prescription to treat themselves and/or spouses or partners. Many pharmacists also reported that under certain legislative, and regulatory and situational conditions they would sell antibiotics without a prescription. CONCLUSION: Views and practices regarding antibiotic use without prescription by community pharmacists require further exploration. KEYWORDS: Non-prescription antibiotics; hypothetical scenarios; legislation enforcement; New Zealand

The need to integrate in primary healthcare: nurse identity constructions of pharmacists as entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-867
Author(s):  
Natalia D'Souza ◽  
Shane Scahill
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Identity Constructions

PurposeThis study explores nurses' views as to whether they see community pharmacists as “entrepreneurial” and what this might mean for working together in primary care. Pharmacists are expected to fully integrate with their colleagues – particularly nurses – under the New Zealand health policy. Yet, there is scarce literature that examines multidisciplinary teamwork and integration through an entrepreneurial identity lens. This is particularly important since around the world, including New Zealand, community pharmacies are small businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses from primary care, nursing professional bodies and academics from nursing schools. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was undertaken through general inductive thematic analysis.FindingsIn total three key themes emerged through analysis: the entrepreneurial profile of the community pharmacist, the lack of entrepreneurship across the profession, and the role identity and value that community pharmacists hold, as viewed by nurses. There appeared to be pockets of entrepreneurship in community pharmacy; nurses did not express a blanket label of entrepreneurship across the whole sector. Nurses also discussed several forms of entrepreneurship including commercial-oriented, clinical and social entrepreneurship. The social entrepreneurship identity of community pharmacists sat most comfortably with nurse participants. Overall, nurses appeared to value community pharmacists but felt that they did not fully understand the roles that this profession took on.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the academic literature by identifying three domains of entrepreneurship relevant to community pharmacy as well as multi-level barriers that will need to be jointly tackled by professional bodies and policy-makers. Improving nurses' and other healthcare professionals' knowledge of community pharmacists' role and expertise is also likely to facilitate better inter-professional integration.Originality/valueThere is scarce literature that attempts to understand how entrepreneurial identity plays out in health organisation and management. This study adds to the knowledge base of factors influencing integration in healthcare.

scholarly journals #LoveRugbyRespectWomen: An exploratory study of women's interactions with New Zealand rugby culture in the night-time economy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Genevieve Courtney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Night Time ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Cultural Dominance ◽  
Rugby Players

<p>Following recent high-profile allegations of gender-based violence perpetrated by professional rugby players in contexts involving alcohol in New Zealand, concerns regarding the safety of women in the context of New Zealand rugby culture have emerged. Despite these concerns, no previous studies have explored how rugby culture is enacted in gendered environments where alcohol is consumed, nor has research considered how women in these environments perceive or experience rugby culture. This research addresses an important literature gap, by exploring how women working in licensed leisure venues perceive and experience New Zealand rugby culture. Applying a feminist lens, this qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with fifteen women who had experience working in New Zealand’s night-time economy. This study found that experiences of violence, degradation, and sexual objectification were a routine and expected part of the women’s interactions with rugby culture. These experiences profoundly impacted their ability to enjoy and participate in rugby, compromised their feelings of workplace safety and satisfaction, and contributed to a range of adverse mental health outcomes. While alcohol was considered to exacerbate antisocial behaviours within rugby culture, the participants identified multiple pathways to rugby-related violence, all of which can be linked to a ‘Kiwi bloke’ version of masculinity that prizes heterosexuality, toughness, and alcohol consumption. Based on these findings, this research concludes that in gendered environments that involve alcohol, New Zealand rugby culture cannot be considered a safe culture for women. This study therefore emphasises the need to prioritise ways of addressing attitudes, behaviours, and approaches to masculinity within rugby culture that may be conducive to gender-based violence and, given the cultural dominance of rugby in New Zealand, serves as an urgent call for further empirical research to inform the development of violence prevention and management strategies.</p>

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