scholarly journals Caries and periodontal disease: Two diseases, one biofilm

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annetta K L Tsang ◽  
Saso Ivanovski ◽  
Philip S Bird
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Oral Ecology ◽  
Diverse Microbial Community

Dental plaque, a natural oral biofilm is involved in the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal disease. Despite decades of research, the microbiology, aetiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain controversial. A number of factors interplay in these diseases, the indigenous microbes that inhabit the oral cavity, diet, host susceptibility and time. The ?Non-Specific Plaque Hypothesis? (NSPH) was proposed where the overall mass of plaque interacted with the host and caused disease. An alternative view was the ?Specific Plaque Hypothesis? (SPH) where, among the diverse microbial community, a limited subset of specific bacteria were associated with disease. In recent years, the ?Ecological Plaque Hypothesis? (EPH) has been proposed that it be recognised that the oral ecology as a whole contributes to the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases, with shifts in the composition of microbial communities being of particular importance.

scholarly journals Oral Health Literacy and Oral Health Status among Undergraduate University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Azlan Jaafar ◽  
Normaliza AB Malik ◽  
aws hashim ali alkadhim
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Oral Health Literacy

Objective: To identify the prevalence of caries, plaque score, and periodontal disease and explore the correlations between oral health literacy scores and oral health status among undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a group of undergraduate students using the Malay version of the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) Index. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the samples. Clinical oral examinations were conducted by a single trained examiner using a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe and a mouth mirror. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests contained in SPSS version 26, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 280 students were recruited into the study. The prevalence of caries and periodontal disease was 58.9 and 13.2%, respectively. There was a significant association between OHL and field of study (p<0.001). There was also a significant negative but weak correlation between OHL and dental plaque scores (r= -0.147; p=0.014). A significant positive but weak correlation was found between dental plaque scores and dental caries (r= 0.135; p=0.024) and periodontal pocket depth (r= 0.168; p=0.005). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries was high, while the prevalence of periodontal diseases was low in this study. OHL correlated significantly with dental plaque scores and field of the study. Thus, OHL assessment is essential to understand a person’s OHL levels and can be considered a screening tool for early detection of poor oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Age and oral health: current considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tawse-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Scenario

Dental plaque is still considered the main etiological factor for periodontal diseases. Our understanding of periodontal disease has advanced from the previous concepts where gingivitis slowly progressed to periodontitis to a more complex scenario that correlates several risk factors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Among these factors, age has been associated with increased rates of periodontal disease as the population gets older. Although the loss of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment is common in the elderly population, and there is evident age-related changes in the periodontium, severe periodontitis is not a natural consequence of ageing. The importance of identifying the risk factors that participate in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease at an early phase, both of the individual and the disease, as well as evaluating the capacity of the individual to control dental plaque will enable the implementation of an adequate preventive program, where the needs and limitations of the individual are considered to specifically tailor the oral hygiene procedures and the mouthwashes to be used.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Substantivity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Microbiomes Clinically Isolated from Young and Young-Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal ◽  
Carolina Holguín-Meráz ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽  
Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilms

The dental plaque is an oral microbiome hardly associated to be the etiological agent of dental caries and periodontal disease which are still considered serious health public problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated to have good antimicrobial properties affecting a wide variety of microorganisms, including oral bacteria; however, there is no scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs against clinical oral biofilms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and substantivity effects of AgNPs in oral biofilms isolated clinically from patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Sixty-seven young and young-adult subjects with dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically sampled through the collection of subgingival dental plaque. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs was performed with standard microbiological assays by triplicate using two sizes of particle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of specific bacterial species. All AgNPs showed an inhibitory effect for all oral biofilms for any age and, generally, any gender (p>0.05); however, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial and substantivity effects was related to particle size, time, and gender (p<0.05). The identified microorganisms were S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. The AgNPs could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citral and its Derivative against Microflora from Dental Plaque

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
S.V. Ambade ◽  
N.M. Deshpande ◽  
S.S. Kale ◽  
V.N. Ambade
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
First Time

Dental biofilms inhabit the oral cavity in form of dental plaque which then causes dental caries and periodontal diseases worldwide. Lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against. This study represents the potential of citral and derivatives as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent against dental microflora. Three bacterial species chiefly responsible for biofilm formation, and five prime colonizer of dental plaque were selected to represent dental microflora. Citral and its derivative viz. citral semicarbazone, exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the selected organisms. For the first time, any citral derivative has ever demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the oral microflora. However, study could not established citral or its derivatives as more effective, powerful and better herbal material as compared to LGEO to control the oral microflora associated with dental plaque.

scholarly journals Periodontal Diseases as Putative Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Gopinath ◽  
Rohit Kunnath Menon ◽  
Sajesh K. Veettil ◽  
Michael George Botelho ◽  
Newell W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis

Whether “periodontal disease” can be considered as an independent risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to quantitatively assess this relationship in order to determine whether this represents a true risk factor, with implications for cancer prevention and management. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched. Selective studies were reviewed, and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on eligible studies using a random effects model. In total, 21 eligible observational studies (4 cohorts and 17 case-controls) were identified for qualitative synthesis after a review of 1051 articles. Significant heterogeneity could be identified in measures utilized for reporting of periodontal disease. Meta-analysis performed on nine studies that employed objective measures for reporting periodontal disease demonstrated a significant association between periodontal disease and HNC [OR 3.17, 95% CI, 1.78–5.64]. A diseased periodontium represents an independent risk marker, and a putative risk factor, for HNC. Prospective studies with standardized measures of periodontal disease severity and extent, integrated with microbiological and host susceptibility facets, are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of this positive association and whether treatment of the former influences the incidence and outcomes for HNC.

scholarly journals Altered Oral Viral Ecology in Association with Periodontal Disease

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Ly ◽  
Shira R. Abeles ◽  
Tobias K. Boehm ◽  
Refugio Robles-Sikisaka ◽  
Mayuri Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Health And Disease

ABSTRACTThe human oral cavity is home to a large and diverse community of viruses that have yet to be characterized in patients with periodontal disease. We recruited and sampled saliva and oral biofilm from a cohort of humans either periodontally healthy or with mild or significant periodontal disease to discern whether there are differences in viral communities that reflect their oral health status. We found communities of viruses inhabiting saliva and the subgingival and supragingival biofilms of each subject that were composed largely of bacteriophage. While there were homologous viruses common to different subjects and biogeographic sites, for most of the subjects, virome compositions were significantly associated with the oral sites from which they were derived. The largest distinctions between virome compositions were found when comparing the subgingival and supragingival biofilms to those of planktonic saliva. Differences in virome composition were significantly associated with oral health status for both subgingival and supragingival biofilm viruses but not for salivary viruses. Among the differences identified in virome compositions was a significant expansion of myoviruses in subgingival biofilm, suggesting that periodontal disease favors lytic phage. We also characterized the bacterial communities in each subject at each biogeographic site by using the V3 hypervariable segment of the 16S rRNA and did not identify distinctions between oral health and disease similar to those found in viral communities. The significantly altered ecology of viruses of oral biofilm in subjects with periodontal disease compared to that of relatively periodontally healthy ones suggests that viruses may serve as useful indicators of oral health status.IMPORTANCELittle is known about the role or the constituents of viruses as members of the human microbiome. We investigated the composition of human oral viral communities in a group of relatively periodontally healthy subjects or significant periodontitis to determine whether health status may be associated with differences in viruses. We found that most of the viruses present were predators of bacteria. The viruses inhabiting dental plaque were significantly different on the basis of oral health status, while those present in saliva were not. Dental plaque viruses in periodontitis were predicted to be significantly more likely to kill their bacterial hosts than those found in healthy mouths. Because oral diseases such as periodontitis have been shown to have altered bacterial communities, we believe that viruses and their role as drivers of ecosystem diversity are important contributors to the human oral microbiome in health and disease states.

scholarly journals Chemical Plaque Control Strategies in the Prevention of Biofilm-associated Oral Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumaran Anil ◽  
Shilpa H Bhandi ◽  
Elna P Chalisserry ◽  
Mohammed Jafer ◽  
Jagadish Hosmani
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Patient Cooperation ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACT Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms naturally on the surfaces of exposed teeth and other areas of the oral cavity. It is the primary etiological factor for the most frequently occurring oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. Specific, nonspecific, and ecologic plaque hypothesis explains the causation of dental and associated diseases. Adequate control of biofilm accumulation on teeth has been the cornerstone of prevention of periodontitis and dental caries. Mechanical plaque control is the mainstay for prevention of oral diseases, but it requires patient cooperation and motivation; therefore, chemical plaque control agents act as useful adjuvants for achieving the desired results. Hence, it is imperative for the clinicians to update their knowledge in chemical antiplaque agents and other developments for the effective management of plaque biofilm-associated diseases. This article explores the critical analysis of various chemical plaque control strategies and the current trends in the control and prevention of dental plaque biofilm. How to cite this article Jafer M, Patil S, Hosmani J, Bhandi SH, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. Chemical Plaque Control Strategies in the Prevention of Biofilm-associated Oral Diseases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):337-343.

scholarly journals Role of cranberry juice in prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease`

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Farista ◽  
Akhilesh Jakhete ◽  
Shanin Farista
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
The Many ◽  
Potential Use

Dental caries and Periodontal Disease (periodontitis) are the most common oral diseases. The aetiology of both these diseases can be traced back to the microorganisms in the dental plaque. Over the years numerous anti plaque agents have been developed with limited success and varying degrees of adverse effects. The current research is in the direction of using plant or herbal based products as anti-plaque agent. Out of the many agents studied, cranberry (Vacciniummacrocarpon) has shown maximum potential for use as anti-plaque agent. The current paper aims to review the existing literature on cranberry and its potential use in dentistry in minimizing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease. KEY WORDS: Cranberry Juice, Anti Plaque Agent, Periodontitis, Non Dialyzable Material

scholarly journals Role of Autoimmune Responses in Periodontal Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Nair ◽  
Mohamed Faizuddin ◽  
Jayanthi Dharmapalan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Supporting Structures ◽  
Induce Antibody

Periodontal diseases are characterized by localized infections and inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease. The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses. This review is an attempt to throw light on the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease highlighting the autoimmunity aspect of the etiopathogenesis involved in the initiation and progression of the disease. However, further clinical trials are required to strengthen the role of autoimmunity as a cause of periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Ecological Approaches to Dental Caries Prevention: Paradigm Shift or Shibboleth?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebu Philip ◽  
Bharat Suneja ◽  
Laurence J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Preventive Methods ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

Contemporary paradigms of dental caries aetiology focus on the ecology of the dental plaque biofilm and how local environmental factors can modulate this to cause disease. The crucial role that a healthy oral microbiome plays in preventing caries and promoting oral health is also being increasingly recognized. Based on these concepts, several ecological preventive approaches have been developed that could potentially broaden the arsenal of currently available caries-preventive measures. Many of these ecological approaches aim for long-term caries control by either disrupting cariogenic virulence factors without affecting bacterial viability, or include measures that can enhance the growth of health-associated, microbially diverse communities in the oral microbiome. This paper argues for the need to develop ecological preventive measures that go beyond conventional caries-preventive methods, and discusses whether these ecological approaches can be effective in reducing the severity of caries by promoting stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities.

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