scholarly journals Expanding fish productivity in Tasmanian saltmarsh wetlands through tidal reconnection and habitat repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Prahalad ◽  
Violet Harrison-Day ◽  
Peter McQuillan ◽  
Colin Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
North West ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aid Decision ◽  
Fish Productivity

Fish use of coastal saltmarsh wetlands has been documented for many parts of Australia with the notable exception of Tasmania. An initial investigation to examine the diversity, density and patterns of fish use in the Circular Head coast saltmarshes of north-west Tasmania was undertaken. To aid decision making in repair strategies, the effect of saltmarsh condition on fish assemblages was studied using paired sites of predominantly unaltered and altered saltmarshes where levees were present. In all, 851 fish from 11 species were caught in 37 of the 48 pop nets. Three species, Aldrichetta forsteri, Arripis truttaceus and Rhombosolea tapirina, are important to commercial and recreational fisheries and contributed ~20% of the total catch numbers. The mean density of >72 fish per 100m2 is the highest yet reported from Australian studies and indicates that Tasmanian saltmarshes provide higher value habitat for fish compared with elsewhere in Australia, likely due to more frequent and prolonged flooding, and the lack of adjacent mangroves. There was no significant difference in fish assemblages between unaltered and altered marshes. The results suggest that restoring basic saltmarsh structure through tidal reconnection will deliver substantial benefits for fish productivity through habitat expansion.A

Syncope in Commercial Pilots and New Regulatory Guidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 642-649
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Anderton ◽  
Stuart J. Mitchell ◽  
Sean S. ONunain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regulatory Practice ◽  
Underlying Pathology

INTRODUCTION: Syncope is both incapacitating and unpredictable, presenting a significant challenge in aircrew assessment. Previous UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) guidance lacked transparency and relied heavily on specialist in-house cardiology and neurology opinion. A new algorithm was developed which elaborated and formalized the decision-making process. An analysis of its impact on historic cases was undertaken to ensure it aligned with previous certificatory outcomes.METHODS: The medical literature on syncope and the approaches of other national aviation authorities were reviewed to help inform the development of a new algorithm. Using syncope cases in the CAA database, regulatory outcomes generated using the new algorithm were compared with previous decisions in terms of time off from flying (TOF) and Operational Multi-Crew Limitation (OML) duration.RESULTS: There were 40 historic syncope cases (25 existing certificate holders,15 initial applicants) which were reassessed using the new algorithm. The mean TOF for existing pilots using the new algorithm was 7.1 9.8 (mean SD) vs. 4.2 3.5 mo under the old guidance with an OML duration of 21.4 34.9 vs. 24.5 25.2 mo. One less initial applicant experienced a delay to certification. Four cases with underlying pathology were detected using old and new guidance.DISCUSSION: The reassessment of cases showed no statistically significant difference in TOF and OML duration; this is a positive finding from a regulatory perspective, enabling algorithm-led decision-making with less reliance on in-house expertise. A similar approach may be useful in future updates to other areas of regulatory practice.Anderton RA, Mitchell SJ, ONunain SS. Syncope in commercial pilots and new regulatory guidance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):642649.

Indicator of access to medicines in relation to the multiple dimensions of access

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina M Garcia ◽  
Mariana M Barbosa ◽  
Rondineli M Silva ◽  
Edna A Reis ◽  
Juliana Alvares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aim: Creation of a single indicator of access to medicines. Methods: Data collection was performed with individuals who obtained their medication from either public and/or private pharmacies. A Likert scale was used to measure the importance and satisfaction in relation to various access dimensions. Results: A total of 580 individuals were interviewed. Overall, participants attributed very similar importance scores to the dimensions of access to medicines. The results of the mean score of each dimension showed a statistically significant difference according to the type of pharmacy that the participant visited. Conclusion: This developed indicator will enable a review of access to medicines, making comparisons possible as well as improving decision making about public policies in the field of Pharmaceutical Services.

scholarly journals Comparison of shared decision making in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for choosing a dialysis modality

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepide Ghodsian ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Akram Ghahramanian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
T Test ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Shared decision making (SDM) is recognized as the gold standard for patient-centered care. This study aimed to assess and compare the SDM among patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for choosing a dialysis modality. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was performed on 300 dialysis patients (218 HD and 82 PD) referred to two Dialysis Centers. Data were collected using demographic information and a 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test by SPSS software. Results The mean SDM-Q-9 score in all samples (PD and HD) was 21.94 ± 15.08 (in a possible range of 0 to 45). Results of the independent t-test showed that the mean SDM-Q-9 score in PD patients (33.11 ± 10.08) was higher than HD patients (17.14 ± 74.24) (p < 0.001). The results showed a statistically significant difference in mean SDM-Q-9 score based on patients’ age, educational level, and income (p < 0.05). Conclusion Implementing shared decision making and providing information on RRT should be started in the early stage of CKD. The health care providers should involve patients with CKD and their families in dialysis-related decisions and it should be started in the early stage of CKD.

scholarly journals Comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate and EDTA among Tuberculosis suspected patients at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate results of sodium citrate and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulant. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB suspected study participants were recruited. From each study participants, 3ml blood was collected in to EDTA tube and 1.6ml blood was collected in to a test tube containing 0.4ml Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. Results: The mean ± SD values for ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 in citrate anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and citrated blood was 6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr with a significant difference. The mean ± SD of ESR for EDTA and citrate blood was 59.57 ± 42.31 and 54.71 ± 40.44 mm/hr for males and 53.57 ± 44.61 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr for females, respectively. This study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.

scholarly journals Incubation Period of COVID-19 From 11545 Patients in Observation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Dejian Dang ◽  
Juan Geng ◽  
Peiyu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Validation Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The incubation period is a key index of epidemiology in understanding of the spread of infectious diseases and the decision-making of the disease control. However, the incubation period of the emerging COVID-19 is still unclear. Methods Between January 19, 2020 and September 21, 2020, we collected information on 11545 patients in Mainland China outside Hubei. The 218 patients with precise data was validation population. The incubation period was fitted with lognormal model by the coarseDataTools package in R. Results In 11545 patients, the mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 7.1 days (95% Confidence interval [CI], 7.0–7.2). About 5.4% of patients had precise incubation period less than 3 days, 10.2% longer than 14 days, and 2.1% longer than 21 days. There was no statistically significant difference in incubation period between male and female (P = 0.603). It was similar in the 218 patients. The mean accurate incubation period was 6.8 days (6.2–7.4). Of which, 14.7% (32/218) of patients had incubation period less than 3 days, 12.4% (27/218) longer than 14 days, and 0.9% (2/218) longer than 21 days. Conclusions For COVID-19, the mean incubation period is 7.1 days and 10.2% of patients developed disease 14 days after infection, which challenges the current 14-day quarantine strategy.

scholarly journals A comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate between blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate and EDTA among Tuberculosis suspected patients at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zegeye Getaneh ◽  
Fekadu Ayelgn ◽  
Geletaw Asemahegn ◽  
Habtamu Geleta ◽  
Aregawi Yalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: The main aim of this study was comparison of erythrocyte sedimentation rate results of sodium citrate and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulant. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia. A total of 70 TB suspected study participants were recruited. From each study participants, 3ml blood was collected in to EDTA tube and 1.6ml blood was collected in to a test tube containing 0.4ml Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. Results: The mean ± SD values for ESR were 57.9 ± 41.45 in EDTA and 50.99 ± 43.5 in citrate anticoagulated blood. The mean difference of ESR values between EDTA and citrated blood was 6.91 ± 13.66 mm/hr with a significant difference. The mean ± SD of ESR for EDTA and citrate blood was 59.57 ± 42.31 and 54.71 ± 40.44 mm/hr for males and 53.57 ± 44.61 and 46.04 ± 41.82 mm/hr for females, respectively. This study indicated that there was a significant difference between ESR values with EDTA and tri-sodium citrate anticoagulants.

scholarly journals Early childhood caries: Are maternal psychosocial factors, decision-making ability, and caries status risk indicators for children in a sub-urban Nigerian population?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alade ◽  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Ayodeji Babatunde Oginni ◽  
Abiola A. Adeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Objective Early childhood caries (ECC) is caries in children below the age of 72 months. The aim of the study was to determine the association of maternal psychosocial factors (general anxiety, dental anxiety, sense of coherence, parenting stress, fatalism, social support, depressive symptoms, and executive dysfunction), decision-making abilities, education, income and caries status with the prevalence and severity of ECC among children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods A dataset of 1549 mother–child (6–71-months-old) dyads collected through examinations and a household survey, using validated psychometric tools to measure the psychosocial factors, were analyzed. The DMFT for the mothers and the dmft for the child were determined. The association between maternal psychosocial factors, education, income, and decision-making ability, the prevalence of maternal caries, and the prevalence of ECC was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of maternal caries was 3.3%, and the mean (standard deviation-SD) DMFT was 0.10 (0.76). The ECC prevalence was 4.3%, and the mean (SD) dmft was 0.13 (0.92). There was no significant difference between the prevalence and severity of maternal caries and ECC by maternal age, education, income, or decision-making abilities. There was also no significant difference in maternal caries, ECC prevalence and ECC severity by maternal psychosocial factors. The only significant association was between the prevalence of caries in the mother and children: children whose mothers had caries were over six times more likely to have ECC than were children with mothers who had no caries (AOR: 6.67; 95% CI 3.23–13.79; p < 0.001). Conclusion The significant association between ECC and maternal caries prevalence suggests that prenatal oral health care for mothers may reduce the risk for ECC.

scholarly journals Impact of the strategy of the six thinking hats in the achievement and decision-making in the teaching methods for third year students in the faculties of education: أثر إستراتيجية القبعات الست في التحصيل واتخاذ القرار في مادة طرائق التدريس لطلبة السنة الثالثة في كليات التربية

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Khalaf Rashid AlShujairi - Haidar Abdul Karim Mohsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faculties Of Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of the research was to identify the impact of the strategy of the six hats in the achievement and decision-making in the teaching methods for the third year students in the faculties of education. The researchers followed the experimental method in their research, and the number of members of the research sample (70) (35) students studied the strategy of the six hats, the control group and the number of its members (35) students studied in the usual way, and then the researchers between the two groups statistically computed in the variables: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researchers formulated a set of behavioral objectives for the scientific material that will be studied in the experiment. They then prepared experimental plans for the experimental group in accordance with the strategy of the six hats and according to the usual method of the control group, (50), and a decision-making scale consisting of (41) paragraphs with three alternatives. The net has shown There was a statistically significant difference at the mean level (0.05) among the average scores of the experimental group that studied the strategy of the six hats. It obtained an average of (41,78), compared to the control group studied in the normal manner; In the test of achievement, as well as in the decision-making scale, the experiment obtained an average of (78,30). The control group, which was studied in the usual way, obtained an average of 61,45. The difference in the achievement test and the decision- In the light of the results of the research, the researchers recommended, among other things, the adoption of the strategy of the six hats in the Dries to its impact on the collection and decision-making.

Vowel Recognition Threshold as a Function of Temporal Segmentations

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Powell ◽  
Oscar Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vowel Recognition ◽  
Temporal Segment

Vowels were segmented into 15 different temporal segments taken from the middle of the vowel and ranging from 4 to 60 msecs, then presented to 6 subjects with normal hearing. The mean temporal-segment recognition threshold of 15 msecs with a range from 9.3 msecs for the /u/ to 27.2 milliseconds for the /a/. Misidenti-fication of vowels was most often confused with the vowel sound adjacent to it on the vowel-hump diagram. There was no significant difference between the cardinal and noncardinal vowels.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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