Associations between environmental variables and zooplankton body masses in a regulated Australian river

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Mean

An exploratory study was made to investigate the association between mean zooplankton body mass and river environmental variables and also zooplankton biomass in the Hawkesbury–Nepean River over a year. Simple correlation showed that the mean body masses of three zooplankton populations (protists, rotifers and copepods) and of the community (including cladocerans) were correlated significantly with one to three examined variables that tended to intercorrelate. Partial correlation showed that the mean body mass of the zooplankton community was significantly positively correlated with only the community biomass when the effects of other predictor variables were controlled. On a population basis, the mean body mass of rotifers showed a similarly positive correlation with the biomass. The mean body mass of protists was negatively correlated with temperature, whereas the mean body mass of copepods was negatively correlated with river flow rate and chlorophyll a concentration. The mean body mass of cladocerans showed no significant correlation with any of the examined variables in both simple and partial correlations. Although the results of this study should be regarded as exploratory, the differing associational patterns indicate that there may be no single mechanism regulating the body sizes of populations and communities of river zooplankton.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Mass Index on Auricular Morphology and Auditory Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. E81-E86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Surmeli ◽  
Ildem Deveci ◽  
Hasan Canakci ◽  
Mustafa Salih Canpolat ◽  
Burak Karabulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sulcus Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Auditory Functions

In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the morphometric properties of auricula and its acoustic gain characteristics. A total of 45 participants between 18 and 45 years of age were enrolled into the study. Participants’ height and weight measurements were recorded for the BMI calculation. On both sides, the morphometric properties of the auricula were measured and recorded. Additionally, the participants were subjected to multidirectional dynamic real ear measurements (REMs) to specify the intensity and frequency values of the maximum hearing gain. Participants consisted of 24 women and 21 men. The mean BMI was 23.42. The mean auricular area was 22.70 cm2. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between the auricular area and BMI ( r = 0.427, P = .03). The mean postauricular sulcus angle was 20.99°. The mastoid-helix distance was 16.07 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between BMI level and postauricular sulcus angle and mastoid-helix distance ( P > .05). The mean dynamic REM measurement was evaluated. The maximum acoustic gain at anterior, lateral, and posterior vectorial stimulation was calculated as 20.9, 24.2, and 20.7 dB Sound Presure Level (SPL), respectively. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between the three directions acoustic gain level and BMI in the statistical examination ( r = −0.365, r = −0.386, r = −0.453, respectively, and P < .05 for all). The results of acoustic gain frequency were 2967.4, 2963, and 2934 Hz, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between acoustic gain frequency and BMI ( P > .05). When participants were grouped according to their BMI, participants with a BMI >25 had a statistically significantly bigger auricular area and lower maximum acoustic gain when compared with those with BMI <25 ( P < .05). We found that the auricular area increased with BMI. We think that this is related to soft tissue thickening of the auricula related to high BMI. In addition, we found that the acoustic gain level decreased inversely with BMI. We believe that the decrease in acoustic gain is due to the increase of acoustic resistance after the increase of soft tissue thickness. In conclusion, we think that BMI has a negative effect on auditory function according to findings in our study.

scholarly journals Weight-Related Selves and Their Relationship With Body Mass Index Among Young Individuals in Curaçao

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Odette Van Brummen-Girigori ◽  
Dick P. H. Barelds
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Body Sizes

Based on the assumptions of self-discrepancy theory, the present study examined the degree of overweight, weight-related body images, and the relation between these images and body mass index (BMI) among two samples of young people from Curaçao (secondary school students, n = 176; undergraduate students, n = 205). In addition to BMI, participants reported their current, ideal, and most feared body sizes, the thinnest and largest body sizes still acceptable to them, and the body size they considered the healthiest by means of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. We expected females to show a larger discrepancy between current and ideal body size than males (Hypothesis 1) and that this discrepancy (as an indicator of body dissatisfaction) would be related more strongly to BMI among females than among males (Hypothesis 2). Results yielded support for Hypothesis 1 among secondary school students only. Only in the undergraduate sample, BMI and body dissatisfaction were related, but equally so for males and females. Possible explanations are discussed as well as implications for weight management interventions.

scholarly journals Communications of cerebral circulation indicators with body structure and body size indicators in practically healthy young women of the middle intermediate somatotype

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
G. V. Datsenko ◽  
A. V. Shayuk ◽  
I. M. Kyrychenko ◽  
T. M. Kyselyova ◽  
А. О. Ivanitsa
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
The Third ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Cerebral Blood Circulation

According to the data of modern scientific literature, to determine the risk groups of vascular diseases of the brain at the stage before the development of the disease, it is necessary to study the dependence of cerebral functional indicators of the population on their constitutional status, age, region of residence. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of correlations of cerebral blood circulation with anthropo-somatotypological characteristics of practically healthy young women of the middle intermediate somatotype. On the base of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya conducted a comprehensive study of 30 practically healthy urban young women of the middle intermediate somatotype, in the third generation of residents of the Podillia region of Ukraine. All young women undergo rheoencephalography using a computer diagnostic complex; anthropometric research according to the scheme of V. V. Bunak; craniometry; determination of somatotype by J. Carter and B. Heath method and components of body mass index by J. Matiegka and American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) methods. The analysis of correlations of the obtained results was carried out using the Spearman method in the licensed statistical package “STATISTICA 6.1”. In practically healthy young women of the middle intermediate somatotype, the following multiple connections of indicators of cerebral circulation with anthropo-somatotypological parameters of the body are established: direct, mostly unreliable, average strength (r = 0.31 to 0.36) connections of most time indices with girth the thighs and time of rapid blood filling with one third of the indexes of the thickness of skin and fat folds (TSFF), the endomorphic component of the somatotype and fat component of the body mass using the Matiegka method; direct, mostly reliable, average strength (r = 0.36 to 0.51) connections of the index of tone of all arteries, tone of arteries of large diameter and tone of arteries of medium and small diameter with a third of the circumferential body sizes, most of the pelvic diameter and muscular component of the body mass by the AIN method, as well as the inverse, mostly reliable, mean strength (r = -0.37 to -0.41) connections of the artery tone ratio with the third of the indices of the TSFF and the endo- and mesomorphic components of the somatotype. Attention is drawn to the lack of reliable and average strength false correlations of amplitude indices with total body sizes, the parameters of the width of distal epiphyses of long limb bones and components of the somatotype; as well as time and derivative indicators - with total and longitudinal dimensions of the body. In the analysis of correlations of indices with rheoencephalogram with anthropo-somatotypological indicators in practically healthy young women of the middle intermediate somatotype among all groups of indicators of cerebral blood circulation for the derived indicators, the greatest number of reliable and average strength connections mainly found with body diameters (21.9%), components somatotype (16.7%), cephalometric indices (12.6%), girths of the body (11.6%), and components of the body composition (9.4%). For amplitudes indexes, the highest percentage of connections with cephalometric indices (14.3%), components of body composition (10.0%), body length (8.0%) and body diameters (7.5%) were established; and for time indicators - with TSFF (11.0%), with the circumferential dimensions of the body (10.7%), the width of distal epiphyses of long limb bones (10.0%).

scholarly journals Internal Proportions of The Body Composition in Members of the Female National Tennis Team of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (73) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jagiello ◽  
Wladislaw Jagiello
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
National Team ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

Contemporary anthropological research confirms the fact that body composition is one of the basic elements differentiating athletes from persons not practising sport. Among athletes representing various branches of sport there are also significant differences in their body composition. Internal proportions of the body composition of an athlete, or a selected group of athletes, is an especially important yet little researched issue of sports anthropology. This problem is still topical in sports games, especially in tennis. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine internal proportions of the body composition of female tennis players from the Polish national team in comparison to persons who do not practice sport professionally. The study involved female athletes of the Polish national tennis team (n = 10). The study was carried out in a training camp from 28 September to 9 October 2002 in Zakopane — Centre of Sports Preparation. Athletes’ age was 16—20 (18.1 ± 1.4) years, and the training experience 8—12 years (10.5 ± 1.8). The mean body height for the group members was 171.9 ± 6.7 cm and the mean body mass 59.7 ± 6.3 kg. The results of research by Piechaczek et al. (1996) constituted the reference point for the results of measurements of Polish tennis representatives. The authors studied 153 female students of Warsaw Technical University aged 20.2 ± 1.09 years. They were randomly chosen students of the first and the second year of various departments at this university. The mean body height of the students was 166.2 ± 6.2 cm and the mean body mass 57.4 ± 7.72 kg. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard instruments (Drozdowski, 1998). The analysis involved 11 somatic features which determined three so-called factors of body composition: length (m1), stoutness (m2) and obesity (m3). The assessment of proportions of the body composition was made by means of Perkal’s natural indices (1953) with Milicerowa’s modifications (1956). We determined the following: composition factors (m), index of total body size (M), internal proportions of the body composition, evenness of composition, the code of internal proportions; also the assessment of internal proportions of the body composition within each of the factors.Taking into consideration the mean values of the studied somatic features in the control group and the comparative group we found differences in their body composition. The representatives of the Polish national tennis team showed substantially longer upper and lower limbs, and the body height was greater. They also had much greater forearm perimeter and shorter pelvic width. As to the total body size, the tennis players slightly exceeded the students (M = 0.24). The total body size (M) resulted from high values of length features (m1 = 1.01), low ones of stoutness (m2 = –0.39) and medium ones of obesity (m3 = 0.1). The value of the intragroup variability index (harmony of composition) amounted to 1.4 and the code of internal proportions of tennis players’ body composition — to 6—2—4. The proportions of internal features of the stoutness index (natural indices of features within a factor) showed the advantage of the forearm perimeter (1.62) and elbow width (0.36). The knee width (–1.30) and pelvic width (–0.60) were disproportionate to the total value of this factor. The input of features characterizing the length factor was relatively proportional.Keywords: tennis, training, body composition, internal proportions.

scholarly journals How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live in Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Antonio Viñuela ◽  
Juan José Criado-Álvarez ◽  
Javier Aceituno-Gómez ◽  
Carlos Durantez-Fernández ◽  
José Luis Martín-Conty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney, chi-square, Student’s t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.

scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

scholarly journals Age relative height, weight and body mass index percentiles of children in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Ovayoza O. Mosugu ◽  
Francis Shinku ◽  
Jacob C. Nyam ◽  
Emmanuel S. Mador
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
North Central ◽  
The Mean

Background: Interpretation of body mass index in children is quite different from that in adults which use standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages and for both men and women. Aims and Objective: The study was aimed at determining the prevalence of childhood obesity in Jos. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 children were enrolled in the study. Weight was taken with only light clothing and without foot wears. Height obtained without head-gears or shoes and the measuring flat tops pressed down to avoid errors due to tall hair. Body mass index were calculated for each subject as ratio of body weight to body height. All data were analyzed statistically and separately for different ages and the mean values for height against age, weight against age, height against weight and BMI for age was obtained with centiles of absolute deviations from the mean. Results: The age of the studied population ranged from 3 – 14 years with mean of 8.4 ± 2.8. Height of the children on the other hand ranged from 0.9 – 1.64 meters with mean value of 1.26 ± 0.15 and their weight ranged from 10 – 76 kg with mean value of 25.6 ± 9.2. Out of the 371 children studied, 14 (3.8%) were found to be underweight, 302 (81.4%) had healthy weight while 41 (11%) were at risk of overweight and 14 (3.8%) were overweight. In addition, the body mass index of girls was found to be significantly higher than those of boys at 12 and 13 years only. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of childhood obesity is high in Jos, North-central Nigeria.

The Body Sizes and Proportions of the Sunghir People

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Trinkaus ◽  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
Maria B. Mednikova ◽  
Maria V. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Body Mass Estimation

Considerations of the body proportions and estimates of body mass and stature of the Sunghir people provide a general baseline for the assessment of a variety of aspects of their paleobiology. They also furnish some indications by themselves. Some of these aspects have been men­tioned with respect to sexual assessment of the adult remains (especially Sunghir 1 and 4; chapter 6), and methodological considerations have been addressed in part in chapter 5. What is presented here is a more detailed assessment of size in terms of body mass estimation and stature, and considerations of body proportions to the extent that they can be evaluated for Sunghir 1, 2 and 3. Body mass estimation was discussed in chapter 5, and it is done here exclusively using the dimension of the weight-bearing femoral articulations and/or metaphyses. It provides insights into trends in overall body size and health, but it is also central to the appropriate scaling of other aspects of morphology, from limb length and strength to brain size. Since the early comments of Boule (1911–1913) and Coon (1962), there has been a series of attempts to evaluate the body proportions (principally using limb segment lengths but also body breadth and trunk length) of Pleistocene humans as indications of both ecogeographical patterning among Late Pleistocene humans and possible reflections of their population dynamics (e.g., Trinkaus 1981, 2007; Walker and Leakey 1993; Ruff 1994; Holliday 1997a, 1997b, 2000, 2006a; Trinkaus and Zilhão 2002; Frelat 2007). The critical problem in assessing body proportions is to determine the independent variable. This must be done a priori, based on biological considerations. Stature estimation presents a variety of difficulties among Late Pleistocene humans, given variation in linear body proportions, but it can provide an indication of overall health, especially given the trends evident through the European Upper Paleolithic (Formicola and Giannecchini 1999; Holt and Formicola 2008). Assessments of body proportions depend in part on body mass estimation, and stature predictions depend on body proportions.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF BODY FAT IN OBESE PATIENTS PREOPERATIVELY FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica FERNANDEZ ◽  
Rosana Farah TOIMIL ◽  
Zied RASSLAN ◽  
Elias Jirjoss ILIAS ◽  
Ana Lúcia Torloni GRADINAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background: The study of body composition in patient candidates for bariatric surgery is directly related to the increase and distribution of body fat in the development of cardiovascular disease. Aim: To correlate anthropometric indicators and bioelectrical impedance in the assessment of body fat in female candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study of 88 women. The weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference data were evaluated in the anthropometric analysis. The body fat was determinate by bioelectrical impedance conducted according to the manufacturer´s recommended technique with a specific severe obesity formula. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the average waist circumference and body mass index for better analysis of the results. Results: The group had a mean age of 39.7 years (±7.2), average weight of 125.6 kg (±16.2), mean body mass index of 48.7 kg/m2 (±6.4) and the mean waist circumference 137.6 cm (±12.4). Negative and significant relationship between BMI values waist circumference and resistance obtained by bioelectrical impedance were found. By analyzing the two groups the mean BMI and waist circumference, a significant relationship was observed, ie, the higher the degree of obesity less resistance was obtained by bioelectrical impedance. The higher is the obesity the lower is value found for resistance. Conclusion: The increase of anthropometric indicators (BMI and waist circumference) determined reduction in resistance and reactance obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis in obese women candidates to bariatric surgery.

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