242 EFFECT OF SPERMATOZOA HEAD MORPHOMETRIC DIMENSIONS ON FREEZABILITY IN BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Anel ◽  
V. Garcia-Macias ◽  
F. Martinez-Pastor ◽  
M. Alvarez ◽  
S. Borragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Having recently observed that survival of red deer spermatozoa after cryopreservation seemed to reflect the size of sperm heads, we hypothesized that cryoresistance of brown bear spermatozoa might also be dependent on head size, since in a preliminary study we had also observed significant differences in sperm head sizes among male brown bears (median values for area 22.2 �m2, perimeter 18.2, length 6.1 and width 4.4 �m). In the present report, we analyzed the post-thaw survival of spermatozoa of 6 brown bears that were assigned to 2 groups (3 bears/group) based on sperm size: Group A with large-size sperm heads; Group B with small-size heads. Ejaculates were obtained by electroejaculation of adult brown bears (semi-free ranging in Cabarceno Park, Cantabria, Spain) under general anesthesia (7 mg kg-1 tiletamine + zolazepan and 2 mg kg-1 ketamine). Semen was diluted (Tes-Tris-fructose, 8% glycerol, 20% egg yolk, EDTA, and Equex paste), loaded in 0.25-mL straws, and frozen in a biofreezer at 20�C min-1 to -100�C. After storage in liquid nitrogen, samples were thawed in water at 65�C for 6 s and survival was measured. Sperm motility (TM: total, and PM: progressive; %) was assessed microscopically, and sperm viability, acrosome integrity (PI/PNA-FITC), and mitochondrial status (JC-1) were assayed for fresh and thawed sperm by flow cytometry. Recovery rates (RR: thawed/fresh � 100) were calculated for all parameters. For measurement of head size, fresh sperm samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and slides were air-dried for 2 h. The samples were then stained with Diff-Quik� staining at 37�C. The area (Ar), perimeter (P), length (L), and width (W) of the heads of >100 spermatozoa per slide were measured (Sperm Class Analyzer�; Microptic S.L., Barcelona, Spain). Data were analyzed with the SAS ver8 system, and the Wilcoxon test was applied. The respective morphometric dimensions of the 2 groups were practically identical (Ar = 22; P = 18; L = 6; W = 4). The post-thaw recovery rates of spermatozoa from Group A were: TM: 60.1 � 29.3; PM: 54.8 � 36.0; viability: 99.4 � 8.0; acrosomes: 96.2 � 3.1; mitochondria: 70.9 � 15.5. The recovery rates for Group B were: TM: 78.7 � 13.8; PM: 69.0 � 18.8; viability: 93.8 � 5.2; acrosomes: 98.2 � 9.8; mitochondria: 72.5 � 22.5. Because of the high variability of recovery rates between males within each group, there were no statistical differences between the 2 groups. The absence of differences can be explained by the small number of males examined and the high variability between them. More studies are necessary to determine whether large sperm cells of brown bears are more susceptible to damage during cryopreservation. This work was supported in part by CANTUR S.A. and CICYT (CGL 2004-0278/BOS).

scholarly journals A COMPARISON BETWEEN SYNTHETIC AND BIOSYNTHETIC MESHES IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE GENITAL PROLAPSE: RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
S. Dati ◽  
V. De Lellis ◽  
P. Palermo ◽  
G. Carta
Keyword(s):  
Genital Prolapse ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Type I ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Work Up

The effectiveness, tolerability and complications of two surgical procedures using prosthetic materials with different physical and structural properties were assessed with a full Urogynecology work-up, through a retrospective study of 158 patients with severe genital prolapse (POP-Q staging III-IV) selected from November 2006 to April 2009. Eighty-six patients underwent fascial replacement surgery with ProliftTM System with a dual transobturator access in the anterior district and a transperineal posterior access with a synthetic polypropylene type I mesh (Group A). Seventy-two patients who underwent pelvic organ prolapse surgery with Avaulta/Avaulta PlusTM System with a dual transobturator access in the anterior district and a dual transperineal posterior access with a biosynthetic polypropylene type I mesh coated with a film of hydrophilic porcine collagen were placed in Group B. There were no intra and postoperative complications. Results of mean 20.8 month follow-up showed an effective anatomical cure rate of 89.5% in group A and 86.1% in group B and a low percentage of erosive complications, 8.1% and 5.6% respectively. Validated questionnaires for prolapse, the UDI 6 s.f., the IIQ7 s.f. and the PISQ-12 all showed a statistically significant improvement of quality of life in patients undergoing the two procedures (Wilcoxon test: P<0.001).

scholarly journals The smell of success: Reproductive success related to rub behavior in brown bears

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247964
Author(s):  
Andrea T. Morehouse ◽  
Anne E. Loosen ◽  
Tabitha A. Graves ◽  
Mark S. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rubbing Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Several species of bears are known to rub deliberately against trees and other objects, but little is known about why bears rub. Patterns in rubbing behavior of male and female brown bears (Ursus arctos) suggest that scent marking via rubbing functions to communicate among potential mates or competitors. Using DNA from bear hairs collected from rub objects in southwestern Alberta from 2011–2014 and existing DNA datasets from Montana and southeastern British Columbia, we determined sex and individual identity of each bear detected. Using these data, we completed a parentage analysis. From the parentage analysis and detection data, we determined the number of offspring, mates, unique rub objects where an individual was detected, and sampling occasions during which an individual was detected for each brown bear identified through our sampling methods. Using a Poisson regression, we found a positive relationship between bear rubbing behavior and reproductive success; both male and female bears with a greater number of mates and a greater number of offspring were detected at more rub objects and during more occasions. Our results suggest a fitness component to bear rubbing, indicate that rubbing is adaptive, and provide insight into a poorly understood behaviour.

scholarly journals Heart rate during hyperphagia differs between two bear species

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 20180681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Fuchs ◽  
Koji Yamazaki ◽  
Alina L. Evans ◽  
Toshio Tsubota ◽  
Shinsuke Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Generalized Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Increased Activity

Hyperphagia is a critical part of the yearly cycle of bears when they gain fat reserves before entering hibernation. We used heart rate as a proxy to compare the metabolic rate between the Asian black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ) in Japan and the Eurasian brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) in Sweden from summer into hibernation. In the hyperphagic period, black bears feed on fat- and carbohydrate-rich hard masts whereas brown bears feed on sugar-rich berries. Availability of hard masts has quantitative and spatial annual fluctuations, which might require increased activity and result in intraspecific stress. Using generalized additive mixed models we analysed the differences in heart rate between the two species. Black bears had decreased heart rates during summer but had doubled heart rate values throughout the hyperphagic period compared to brown bears. This letter illustrates the different physiological consequences of seasonal differences in food availability in two species of the same genus dealing with the same phenological challenge.

219 MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EPIDIDYMAL AND EJACULATED SPERMATOZOA FROM BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garcia-Macias ◽  
F. Martinez-Pastor ◽  
M. Alvarez ◽  
P. Paz ◽  
S. Borragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Blue Component ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Free Ranging

Sperm morphology is an useful characteristic for estimating potential fertility. Currently, we are obtaining baseline information on various aspects of reproduction in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) with the intention of using the knowledge to establish a germplasm bank for the species. In the present report, we describe the results obtained using assisted sperm morphology analysis (ASMA, Sperm Class Analyzer®; Microptic S.L, Barcelona, Spain) to analyze the morphological differences in epidydimal (caput, corpus, and cauda) and ejaculated brown bear spermatozoa. A post-mortem epididymal sperm sample was obtained from an adult brown bear after accidental death. The epididymides were excised, washed, and dissected into the three major segments; caput, corpus and cauda. Then multiple incisions were made in the tissue to allow migration of spermatozoa into the surrounding medium. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from five adult brown bears living in a semi-free ranging environment in the Cabarceno Park (Cantabria, Spain). Anesthesia was induced using tiletamine + zolazepan (Zoletil 100®; Virbac, Carras, France; 7 mg/kg), and ketamine (Imalgene 1000®; Rhone Merieux, Lyon, France; 2 mg/kg). The electroejaculation unit (PT Electronics®; Boring, Oregon) was connected to a 3-lateral electrode transrectal probe (26 mm in diameter, 320 mm in length). Ejaculation occurred at 6–10 V/250–300 mA. For head morphometry assessment, sperm samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and slides were smeared and air-dried for 2 h. The samples were then stained with Diff-Quik® staining (37°C; 10 min in the red component and 15 min in the blue component). The area, perimeter, length and width, and ellipticity (length/width) of heads were measured from at least 100 spermatozoa/slide. As shown in Table 1, values obtained for each measure were similar in both epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. These results provide normal morphometry values for brown bear spermatozoa, a potentially useful characteristic for predicting fertility. Table 1. Head morphometry for epididymis and ejaculated bear sperm (mean ± SD) This work was supported in part by CANTUR S.A. and CICYT (CGL 2004–0278/BOS).

scholarly journals Use of salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) by Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in an Arctic, interior, montane environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew S. Sorum ◽  
Kyle Joly ◽  
Matthew D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Brooks Range ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Aerial Surveys

Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is a key dietary item for temperate coastal Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) across much of their circumpolar range. Brown Bears living in Arctic, interior, and montane environments without large annual runs of salmon tend to be smaller bodied and occur at much lower densities than coastal populations. We conducted ground and aerial surveys to assess whether Brown Bears fished for salmon above the Arctic Circle, in and around Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Here, we document the use of salmon by interior Brown Bears in the Arctic mountains of the central Brooks Range of Alaska. We believe our findings could be important for understanding the breadth of the species’ diet across major biomes, as well as visitor safety in the park and Brown Bear conservation in the region.

Increase of the Bioavailabllity of Intraperitoneal Erythropoietin in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis by Administration in Small Dialysis Bags

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel E. Reddingius ◽  
Alberdina W. De Boer ◽  
Cornelis H. Schröder ◽  
Johannes L. Willems ◽  
Leo A.H. Monnens
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Renal Anemia ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective To establish the effectivity of administration of erythropoietin intraperitoneally in a small amount of fluid in children with renal anemia on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design Prospective study in which children with renal anemia on CAPD were treated with erythropoietin intraperitoneally, administered in a specially designed bag containing 50 mL NaCl 0.9%. Setting University hospital. Patients The patient population consisted of 9 children treated with CAPD and 1 treated with nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis. The median age was 7.8 years (range 4.1 -15.2). Four of these children had not been treated with erythropoietin before (group A), and 6 had been treated with erythropoietin administered intraperitoneally in 250 mL of dialysis fluid (group B). Interventions Patients in group A started on a dose of approximately 300 units/kg per week (group A). Patients in group B received their previous dose. Do sage was adjusted to achieve a target hemoglobin level of 6.5 7.0 mmol/L (104 -112 g/L). Serum ferritin levels and transferrin saturation were monitored and iron supplementation was prescribed in the case of iron deficiency. Main outcome measures Weekly erythropoietin dose in relation to hemoglobin level. Results In group A, median hemoglobin level rose from 5.3 mmol/L (85 g/L) to 6.6 mmol/L (106 g/L) after 6 months of therapy, whereas the median erythropoietin dose decreased from 266 to 234 U/kg/week. In group B, hemoglobin levels remained stable and median erythropoietin dose decreased from 262 to 194 U/kg/week. One patient in this group, for unknown reasons, never responded to erythropoietin treatment. He was excluded from further analysis. In the remaining 5 patients the median cumulative erythropoietin dose was 3250 U/kg in the 3-month period prior to the start of the study and 2713 in the 3-month period starting 6 months after the beginning of the study. This difference of 17% was statistically significant using a Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal administration of erythropoietin in a small amount of dialysis fluid leads to a decrease in the required dose.

Brown bear habitat selection in relation to anthropogenic structures in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Frąckowiak ◽  
Jörn Theuerkauf ◽  
Bartosz Pirga ◽  
Roman Gula
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Anthropogenic Structures ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Europe, brown bear Ursus arctos habitats frequently overlap with human settlements and infrastructure. We tested whether anthropogenic structures played an important role in habitat selection by brown bears in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland. We analysed 668 signs of brown bear presence recorded during 6 counts along 246 km of transects (total 1,476 km) in spring, summer and autumn of 1993 and 1994. Habitat selection of bears was more related to habitat and altitude than to human factors. Avoidance of roads, settlements and forest clearings influenced habitat selection by brown bears in spring but less in summer and autumn.

Efeccc

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Carlos Enrique Cabrera-Pivaral ◽  
Sergio Alberto Ramírez-García ◽  
Marco Antonio Zavala-González
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objetive To measure the effect of an educational intervention on clinical competences for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians working in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Jalisco, Mexico.Methodology Quasi-experimental study conducted in physicians from two primary health care units. The study was carried out in a 40 physicians sample, 21 in Group “A” (intervention) and 19 in Group “B” (control). The clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases was measured in both groups by means of an instrument previously designed and validated (Kuder-Richardson reliability index =0,94).Results Clinical competence average score prior to intervention was 47 for Group “A” and 42 for Group “B”, while after the intervention it was 72 and 47 respectively, which shows statistically significant differences (Wilcoxon test, p<0,05).Conclusions Clinical competence for diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases in primary healthcare physicians is low; however, it can be improved by implementing educational interventions based on a constructivist approach.

scholarly journals UJI EFEK AFRODISIAK EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG MUDA (Areca Catechu L) PADA TIKUS JANTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Ave Olivia Rahman ◽  
Erny Kusdiyah ◽  
Herlambang Herlambang ◽  
Aldo Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Background: polyphenols and alkaloids in herbal plants could have aphrodisiac effect.  Betel nut (Areca catechu L) contain polyphenol and alkaloid. Alkaloid of betel nut has aphrodisiac effect, but also has side effect to many organs. Data of aphrodisiac effect of betel nut’s polyphenols is limited. This study aim to determine aphrodisiac effect of extraction of betel nut’s polyphenols in rats Method:  twelve rats, Sprague dawney, aged 2-3 months, weight 150-200 gram were divided into 2 group randomly. Group A were given  the extract with doses 100mg/kgWB and  group B were given extract with doses 200mg/kgWB  daily for 35 days. The aphrodisiacs effect determined by difference of mounting frequency before and after treatment. Male rats were mated with female rats which were in estrous phase and were recorded for 7 days.  Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis with p value < 0,05. Result: extract from extractio’s method that was used in this study had 39,8%(w/w) of polyphenols and 0,98% (w/w) of alkaloids. Both groups had decreasing of mounting’s frequency after treatment (p>0,05). Conclusions:  Extract of betel nut from this study had 39,8% (w/w) of polyphenols and had no aphrodisiacs effect in male rats. Keywords: Areca Catechu L, Betel nut, polyohenols, alkaloids, Rats, Aphrodisiac, Mounting.   ABSTRAK Latarbelakang: senyawa polifenol atau alkaloid suatu tanaman dapat mempunyai efek afrodisiak. Biji pinang (Areca catechu L) mempunyai kandungan polifenol dan alkaloid. Alkaloid biji pinang telah diketahui mempunyai efek afrodisiak, akan tetapi juga mempunyai banyak efek samping. Efek afrodisiak polifenol biji pinang belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek afrodisiak ekstrak polifenol biji pinang muda terhadap tikus putih. Metode: dua belas ekor tikus  Sprague dawney berumur 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gram dibagi secara random menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu Kelompok A diberikan ekstrak biji pinang dosis 100 mg/ kgBB, dan kelompok B diberikan dosis 200 mg/ kgBB setiap hari selama 35 hari. Efek afrodisiak dilihat dari perbedaan rerata frekuensi tunggangan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Jantan dikawinkan dengan betina fase estrus dan direkam masing-masing selama 7 hari. Uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon dengan p<0,05. Hasil: ekstrak hasil ekstraksi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan polifenol 39,8%(b/b) dan alkaloid 0,98% (b/b). Kedua kelompok terdapat penurunan rerata frekuensi  tunggangan setelah perlakuan (p >0,05). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Biji Pinang Muda pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan 39,8% polifenol dan tidak mempunyai efek afrodisiak  pada tikus jantan. Kata kunci:  Areca Catechu L, biji pinang, polifenol, alkaloid, tikus, afrodisiak, tunggangan

scholarly journals Effect of abdominal compression on target movement and extension of the external boundary of peripheral lung tumours treated with stereotactic radiotherapy based on four-dimensional computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjun Qi ◽  
Jianbin Li ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Qian Shao ◽  
Xijun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Abdominal Compression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of abdominal compression on tumour motion and target volume and to determine suitable planning target volume (PTV) margins for patients treated with lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) based on four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Methods Twenty-three patients diagnosed to have a peripheral pulmonary tumour were selected and divided into an all lesions group (group A), an upper middle lobe lesions group (group B), and a lower lobe lesions group (group C). Two 4DCT scans were performed in each patient, one with and one without abdominal compression. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before starting treatment. The gross target volumes (GTVs) were delineated and internal gross target volumes (IGTVs) were defined. IGTVs were generated using two methods: (1) the maximum intensity projections (MIPs) based on the 4DCT were reconstructed to form a single volume and defined as the IGTVMIP and (2) GTVs from all 10 phases were combined to form a single volume and defined as the IGTV10. A 5-mm, 4-mm, and 3-mm margin was added in all directions on the IGTVMIP and the volume was constructed as PTVMIP5mm, PTVMIP4mm, and PTVMIP3mm. Results There was no significant difference in the amplitude of tumour motion in the left–right, anterior–posterior, or superior-inferior direction according to whether or not abdominal compression was applied (group A, p = 0.43, 0.27, and 0.29, respectively; group B, p = 0.46, 0.15, and 0.45; group C, p = 0.79, 0.86, and 0.37; Wilcoxon test). However, the median IGTVMIP without abdominal compression was 33.67% higher than that with compression (p = 0.00), and the median IGTV10 without compression was 16.08% higher than that with compression (p = 0.00). The median proportion of the degree of inclusion of the IGTVCBCT in PTVMIP5mm, PTVMIP4mm, and PTVMIP3mm ≥ 95% was 100%, 100%, and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusions Abdominal compression was useful for reducing the size of the IGTVMIP and IGTV10 and for decreasing the PTV margins based on 4DCT. In IGTVMIP with abdominal compression, adding a 4-mm margin to account for respiration is feasible in SBRT based on 4DCT.

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