13 EFFECT OF 6 TIMES REUSING OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRUG RELEASE (CIDR) FOR SHORT TERM (6 DAYS) ON PROGESTERONE LEVEL AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF AWASSI EWES

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swelum ◽  
A. Mouamen ◽  
A. Alowaimer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was carried out using 120 multiparous Awassi ewes during breeding season to compare the effect of 6 times reusing of CIDR short term (6 days) on hormonal and reproductive performance. Ewes were equally and randomly allotted into 6 consecutive oestrus synchronization treatments. For group CIDR6×1, the ewes (n = 20) received new CIDR for 6 days with 300 IU of eCG at withdrawal time. For the other 5 groups, the same protocol was used, differing only by the use of the same CIDR for a second time in CIDR6×2, for a third time in CIDR6×3, for a fourth time in CIDR6×4, for a fifth time in CIDR6×5, and for a sixth time in CIDR6×6. Oestrus was detected using a vasectomized ram starting 12 h after progestagen withdrawal and repeated every 12 h up to 84 h. Blood samples were collected at withdrawal time (Day 6). Progesterone serum concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA kits and micro-titrimetric plates. Timed insemination was performed 48 h after CIDR withdrawal. Pregnancy and number of fetuses were diagnosed by ultrasonography at Day 23 after insemination and confirmed at Day 35 and 60. Comparisons among groups was evaluated using chi-square (χ2) test in all parameters except hormones levels, which was analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA, using SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 2000). The results revealed that there is no significant difference between the percentages of ewes detected in heat in groups CIDR6×1, CIDR6×2, and CIDR6×3 (55, 70, and 55%, respectively). While, the percentages of ewes detected in heat in group CIDR6×2 was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than in groups CIDR6×4, CIDR6×5, and CIDR6×6 (35, 35, 31.58%, respectively). On the other hand, pregnancy rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in CIDR6×2 (65%; 13/20) than CIDR6×3, CIDR6×4, CIDR6×5, and CIDR6×6 (30, 30, 30, and 15.79, respectively). No significant difference was detected in pregnancy rate between CIDR6×1 and CIDR6×2. No significant differences were detected in progesterone between CIDR6×1 and CIDR6×2, CIDR6×3, CIDR6×4, CIDR6×5, and CIDR6×6 (1.73, 1.67, 1.87, 1.57, 1.60, and 1.36 ng mL–1, respectively). These results indicated that reusing of CIDR devices for short term are efficient in synchronizing oestrus in ewes.

23 THE EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL TIMING OF CONTROLLED INTERNAL DRUG RELEASE (CIDR) ON EWE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swelum ◽  
A. Moumen ◽  
A. Alowaimer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

This study was carried out using 80 multiparous Awassi ewes during breeding season to compare the effects of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) withdrawal time on ewe fertility. Ewes were equally and randomly allotted into 4 groups (n = 20/group). Ewes had a CIDR inserted for 3, 6, 9, or 12 days with intramuscular administration of 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) at withdrawal time. Oestrus was detected using vasectomized ram starting 12 h after CIDR withdrawal and repeated every 12 h up to 84 h. Blood samples were collected from all groups at the time of CIDR withdrawal for measuring of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) serum concentrations using commercial ELISA kits and micro-titrimetric plates. Timed insemination was performed 48 h post CIDR withdrawal in all groups. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at day 23 post-insemination and confirmed at day 35. Comparisons among groups were evaluated using Chi Square (χ2) test in all measured parameters except hormones levels, which analysed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). A difference was considered significant at P < 0.05 level. The results revealed that the retention, vaginal discharge and drawstring breakage rates after CIDR removal were insignificantly differed between all groups. On the other hand, pregnancy rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in 9-d and 6-d groups (68.4 and 60%, respectively) than the 3-d group. While, no significant difference was detected between 12d group and other groups. The heat detection rate was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in 12d group (100%) than 6-d and 3-d groups (80 and 45%, respectively). While, no significant difference was detected between 12-d and 9-d groups in heat detection rate. P4 was significantly higher in the 12-d group (13.4 ± 3.06 ng mL−1) than other groups. While E2 was significantly lower in the 12-d group (1.6 ± 0.06 pg mL−1) than other groups. These results indicated that withdrawal of CIDR devices after 9 days are efficient in synchronizing oestrus in ewes and provided higher pregnancy rate.

Sight-Singing Scores of High School Choristers with Extensive Training in Movable Solfège Syllables and Curwen Hand Signs

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. McClung
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sight Singing ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Pedagogical Strategy ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Randomly chosen high school choristers with extensive training in solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs ( N = 38) are asked to sight-sing two melodies, one while using Curwen hand signs and the other without. Out of a perfect score of 16, the mean score with hand signs was 10.37 ( SD = 4.23), and without hand signs, 10.84 ( SD = 3.96). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference, F(1, 37) = .573, p = .454. These findings support the results of five earlier studies; however, because earlier studies were limited to students who were minimally trained in movable solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs, this study expands the knowledge base. Relationships between performance scores and instrumental experience, class grade, sight-singing experience, and hand sign experience were also examined. A pedagogical strategy for linking Curwen hand signs with students' preferred modes of learning (especially the kinesthetic mode) is recommended.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous, Subcutaneous, and Suppository Morphine in Reducing Post Hysterectomy Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Sheida Shabanian ◽  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Razieh Mohammadi ◽  
Gholamreza Shabanian
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravenous Morphine ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Difference

Background and aims: Postoperative pain has always been considered by surgeons because of its various complications. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous, subcutaneous and suppository morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing hysterectomy were randomized into three groups of 30 each using simple randomization, namely, intravenous, subcutaneous, and suppository morphine (10 mg). Before intervention and 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours after intervention, pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS). Relative frequency of nausea, vomiting, itching, bradypnea, and apnea in all groups was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version16.0. Results: Mean pain severity at 0 hour postoperatively (P=0.004), 4 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), 8 hours postoperatively (P=0.009), and 12 hours postoperatively (P=0.001) was significantly higher in the suppository morphine group than in the other two groups. There was no significant difference in pain severity at 16 hours postoperatively among the three groups (P=0.446). According to the results of repeated measures ANOVA, changes in pain severity at the five intervals were statistically significant in all three groups (subcutaneous, intravenous, and suppository morphine groups) (P<0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in pain severity at the studied intervals among the three groups (P<0.001). The frequency of nausea (P=0.05) and vomiting (P=0.84) was higher in the suppository group than in the other two groups, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated better efficacy of subcutaneous and intravenous morphine in reducing post-hysterectomy pain compared with suppository morphine.

scholarly journals Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model on the Care Burden of the Caregivers of Older Adults with Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Sedighe Jafari-Diziche ◽  
◽  
Fateme-Sadat Izadi-Avanji ◽  
Fateme Atoof ◽  
Seyed-Majid Derakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Empowerment Model ◽  
Family Centered

Background: Developing a chronic disease, like heart failure in older adults disrupts the foundations of the family and imposes a heavy burden on family members. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) on the care burden of family caregivers of older adults with heart failure. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a controlled before and after design, which was conducted on 80 primary caregivers of older adults with heart failure referring to health centers affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. The subjects were non-randomly assigned to either the control (n=40) or intervention (n=40) groups. The program was implemented based on the concepts of the model (perceived threat, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and evaluation) in eight 2-hour sessions, twice a week for four consecutive weeks. Both groups answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in the beginning, in the end, and one month after the study. The data were analyzed by Chi-square, t-test, and the repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS v. 16 software. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the pretest mean score of care burden (P>0.05). However, the groups’ mean score of care burden was significantly different immediately after the intervention (P<0.05) and one month after the study (P<0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA illustrated a significant difference between the mean scores of care burden in the three measurement time points (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Implementation of the FCEM model reduces the burden of care in caregivers of older adults with heart failure. It is suggested that this model be used in training programs for older adults with heart failure and their caregivers.

scholarly journals Anaesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine in Comparison with 2% Lidocaine as Intraligamentary Injections after an Ineffective Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective Randomised Triple-Blind Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nazanin Zargar ◽  
Elnaz Shooshtari ◽  
Leila Pourmusavi ◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ◽  
Hengameh Ashraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

The objective of the current study was to compare the anaesthetic efficacy of supplemental intraligamentary (IL) injection of 4% articaine with that of 2% lidocaine in the mandibular first and second molars with irreversible pulpitis after an ineffective inferior alveolar nerve block injection (IANB) using the same anaesthetic in a randomised triple-blind clinical trial. Seventy-six adult patients, who were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first or second molars, were divided into 2 groups and received IANB randomly. In patients with lip numbness, anaesthesia was evaluated with the cold and electrical pulp (EPT) tests, and if the reported number on EPT was below 100, supplemental IL injection was administered using the same anaesthetic. The teeth were retested after 5 minutes. The Heft–Parker visual analogue scale was used to evaluate pain after IANB and IL injections. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA, chi-square, and independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL and IANB injections between articaine and lidocaine. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL injection with lidocaine between the mandibular first and second molars. However, there was a significant difference in the success rates of supplemental IL injection with articaine between the mandibular first and second molars. Moreover, supplemental IL injections indicated no significant difference in the anaesthetic efficacy between articaine and lidocaine; nevertheless, they were more effective in the mandibular second molars, especially with articaine.

scholarly journals Response of circulating leptin to Ramadan daytime fasting: a circadian study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bogdan ◽  
Belal Bouchareb ◽  
Yvan Touitou
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Usual Activity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Trough Serum ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
H 30

Although the effects of short-term fasting on serum leptin concentrations are known, those resulting from long-lasting modifications of food intake schedule, as during the month of Ramadan, have not yet been extensively studied. Therefore, serum concentrations of leptin were measured around the clock at 4-hourly intervals before the beginning of Ramadan and on the twenty-third day of Ramadan daytime fasting in ten male subjects keeping the same usual activity pattern and general synchronisation in both situations. Time series were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA and Cosinor. No significant changes in amplitude or 24 h mean concentration were seen, but significant shifts of 5 h 30 min in peak and trough serum leptin levels were found on the twenty-third day of Ramadan.

scholarly journals Serotonin and Tryptophan Serum Concentrations in Shelter Dogs Showing Different Behavioural Responses to a Potentially Stressful Procedure

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Giacomo Riggio ◽  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Valeria Sergi ◽  
Silvana Diverio ◽  
Angelo Gazzano
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relaxation Stress ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
The Relationship

In mammals, serotonin (5-HT) levels depend on the availability of tryptophan (TRP). Low 5-HT concentrations have been linked to behavioural disorders in dogs. This study aimed at investigating possible differences in dogs’ serum TRP and 5-HT concentrations according to their behavioural response to a potentially stressful procedure. Thirty-nine physically healthy shelter dogs, 15 females and 24 males, mean age = 5.6 years, were categorized by a certified veterinary behaviourist according to their behavioural response to medical examination and blood collection, in: relaxation, stress signals, tension without growling, tension with growling, escape attempts, and aggression attempts. Extraction and quantification of 5-HT and TRP were performed using a HLPC method. Data were statistically analysed, applying Chi-square and Spearman tests. Results showed no significant difference in TRP (χ2 = 2.084, p = 0.555) nor 5-HT (χ2 = 0.972, p = 0.808) serum concentrations among different categories of dogs; however, some categories were underrepresented (relaxation = 20.5%, stress signals = 30.8%, tension without growling = 43.6%, tension with growling = 5.1%, escape attempts = 0%, aggression attempts = 0%). No correlation between serum TRP and 5-HT concentrations was found (ρ = 0.086, p = 0.602). Serum 5-HT levels do not seem to be associated with dogs’ behavioural response to a stressful situation nor with serum TRP concentrations. The relationship between serum TRP and 5-HT concentrations and behaviour needs further research.

scholarly journals Effect of Educational Games on Self-concept Levels of Inclusive Students Studying in Secondary Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Serhat Üstündağ ◽  
Gülsen Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This research examines the effect of educational games on self-concept levels of inclusive students enrolled in secondary schools. The research was conducted in two secondary schools in Golbasi district of Ankara, the capital of Turkey, in the spring semester of 2015 - 2016 academic year. The research employed semi-experimental design with pretest and posttest control group. Of a total of 24 students, 12 (4 girls, 8 boys) were included in the experimental group and the other 12 (6 girls, 6 boys) were included in the control group. Educational games program, an independent variable of the research, was applied for 11 weeks, 2 lessons per week. The program that did not include educational games was applied to the control group. Self-concept Scale (SCS) was used to collect data in the research. Independent group t test was used for data analysis, and for single-factor repeated measures, two-factor ANOVA test was used. The significance level was determined to be 0.05. At the end of this research, a significant difference was found in favor of the students in the experimental group in terms of physical competence, physical appearance, peer relationships and general self-concept dimensions of the self-concept scale. On the other hand, there was not any significant difference in favor of both groups in terms of the dimension of relations with parents of the scale.

scholarly journals Effect of Carnatic Music Listening Training on Speech in Noise Performance in Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Raksha Amemane ◽  
Archana Gundmi ◽  
Kishan Madikeri Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Carnatic Music ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives: Music listening has a concomitant effect on structural and functional organization of the brain. It helps in relaxation, mind training and neural strengthening. In relation to it, the present study was aimed to find the effect of Carnatic music listening training (MLT) on speech in noise performance in adults.Subjects and Methods: A total of 28 participants (40-70 years) were recruited in the study. Based on randomized control trial, they were divided into intervention and control group. Intervention group underwent a short-term MLT. Quick Speech-in-Noise in Kannada was used as an outcome measure.Results: Results were analysed using mixed method analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures ANOVA. There was a significant difference between intervention and control group post MLT. The results of the second continuum revealed no statistically significant difference between post training and follow-up scores in both the groups.Conclusions: In conclusion short-term MLT resulted in betterment of speech in noise performance. MLT can be hence used as a viable tool in formal auditory training for better prognosis.

Comparing the Effect of Hand and Foot Reflexology Massages on the Severity of Nausea, Vomiting and Ileus in patients after Abdominal Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1593
Author(s):  
Elham Shahraki Moghadam ◽  
Zahrasadat Manzari ◽  
Hossein Rashki Ghalenow ◽  
Hajar Noori Sanchooli
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hands And Feet

Background: Common clinical problems after surgery include nausea, vomiting and ileus that many patients complain of after their surgery. These complications can delay the patient's discharge from hospital. Nowadays, to reduce drug side effects, the use of complementary medicine, including reflexology, has received a great deal of attention. Aim: To compare the effect of hand and foot reflexology massages on the severity of nausea, vomiting and ileus in patients after abdominal surgery. Methods: This is a clinical trial study that was conducted between 2013 and 2015 in the emergency surgical departments of Imam Reza (AS) and Ghaem (AS) hospitals in Mashhad. The samples of this study included 90 women with cholecystitis and appendicitis who met the inclusion criteria. In this study, patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of hand reflexology massage, foot reflexology massage and control. To check the digestive status, gastrointestinal sounds were checked every hour using a clinical stethoscope. Also, information on gas and feces elimination was collected and recorded every hour. The intervention was performed 1 and 12 hours after the surgery. In both groups of hands and foot reflexology massages, after general massage of the hands and feet, the areas related to the abdominal distension and removal of the ileus were pressed. It should be noted that, the duration of massage for each person was 10 minutes (20 minutes in total). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of severity of nausea before the intervention between the three groups (p = 0.90), but after the intervention a significant difference was observed in the mean score of severity of nausea between the three groups (p=0.002). Also, the result of ANOVA test with repeated measure showed a statistically significant difference in the mean score of nausea by group and stage (p<0.001). There was also no statistically significant difference in the frequency of vomiting severity between the three groups after the intervention. However, at 4 and 24 hours after the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the three groups in that regard. Conclusion: The results showed that both types of hand and foot reflexology massage has positive effects on nausea and return of gastrointestinal movements, so nurses can use reflexology as a non-pharmacological and complementary method to reduce the severity of nausea and return gastrointestinal movements in postoperative patients. Since the reflexology had little or no effect on the severity of vomiting and the acceleration of gastrointestinal movements in patients, further studies in this area are recommended. Keywords: Reflexology, Pain, Nausea and vomiting, Ileus, Surgery

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