124 Ovarian follicular development and steroid secretion during oestrous cycle of Lohi sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
M. Younis ◽  
M. Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
A. Murtaza ◽  
M. Abbas ◽  
M. Z. Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Wave Patterns

Pakistan has 30.9 million heads of sheep; however, little information is available on their reproductive aspects. The objective of this study was to document ovarian physiology and endocrinology of Lohi ewes during the oestrous cycle. Nine Lohi ewes, synchronized by administering single prostaglandin F2α (PGF2a; Cyclomate, Star Laboratories), were monitored for ovarian follicular dynamics using transrectal ultrasonography (7.5MHz, HS-1500, Honda) for two consecutive oestrous cycles during the breeding season (September to November 2018). Changes in plasma progesterone and oestradiol-17β concentrations of ewes (n=9) were also determined during the oestrous cycle using radioimmunoassay. The interovulatory interval of Lohi ewes averaged 17.0±0.1 days, and the duration of follicular and luteal phases was 4.6±0.2 and 11.3±0.2 days, respectively. Follicles emerged in either 3- or 4-wave patterns, but the frequency of the 3-wave pattern was higher than that of the 4-wave (87 vs. 13%, respectively; P=0.05). Following ovulation (Day 0), follicles (=3mm) in 3-wave cycles (n=14) emerged on Days 0.7, 5.2, and 10.5, whereas in 4-wave cycles (n=2) follicles emerged on Days 0.1, 4, 8.5, and 11.5. The maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were 5.4±0.3 and 10.4±0.3mm, respectively. Regardless of the wave pattern, single ovulation occurred in each cycle. The CL was first detectable on Day 4±0.1, it reached maximum diameter on Day 9±0.1, and luteolysis began on Day 12.2±0.2 of the cycle. The peak plasma oestradiol-17β concentration (42.5±2.6 pgmL−1) was observed 48h before ovulation and correlated with the diameter of the preovulatory follicle during the follicular phase (r=0.84; P<0.05). The peak plasma progesterone concentration (11.8±1.7ngmL−1) was observed on Day 9±0.1 and coincided with the diameter of CL throughout the oestrous cycle (r=0.93; P<0.05). In conclusion, the majority of oestrous cycles in Lohi ewes had a 3-wave pattern and were mono-ovulatory in nature.

Luteolytic effect of prostaglandin F2α in Boran and Boran × Friesian cross-bred heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Mutiga ◽  
E. Mukasa-Mugerwa ◽  
T. Azage
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
The Cross

SUMMARYThe luteolytic effect of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) during the confirmed luteal phase of the oestrous cycle was evaluated in ten Boran and ten Boran × Friesian cross-bred heifers. Following injection with 25 mg Lutalyse, animals were bled every 6 h for 96 h and plasma progesterone (P4) determined by the ELISA technique. Borans had significantly (P < 0·05) smaller corpora lutea (12·01±0·72 ν. 17·03±2·10 mm) and responded faster to PGF2α injection (65·57±1·40 ν. 78·27±2·18 h) than the cross-bred heifers. However, there was no significant difference in either the initial P4 values (6.24±0·98 ν. 8·00±1·71 ng/ml) or the rate of its decline following PGF2α injection between the two breeds. Values declined sharply to basal levels (11% of the initial pretreatment values) within 48 h in both breeds. All ten cross-breds and eight Borans showed standing oestrus within a week of treatment. However, oestrus was better synchronized (P < 0·05) in Borans than cross-breds. It was concluded that PGF2α is effective for oestrus synchronization in both breeds, but oestrus occurred earlier and was more precise in Borans than in cross-breds.

PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN GUINEA-PIGS ACTIVELY IMMUNIZED AGAINST PROSTAGLANDIN F2α, HYSTERECTOMIZED OR TREATED WITH INTRA-UTERINE INDOMETHACIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. POYSER ◽  
E. W. HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugate ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY Five guinea-pigs actively immunized against a prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)–bovine serum albumin conjugate showed elongated oestrous cycles. During these, corpora lutea were maintained in a functional secretory state as indicated by plasma progesterone levels. The results are compatible with the view that the PGF2α antibodies neutralized the PGF2α released from the uterus and thus prevented its normal luteolytic effect. Similar patterns of progesterone secretion were observed in two hysterectomized animals and in two animals with intra-uterine implants of indomethacin.

scholarly journals The mode of ovulation in the Namaqua rock mouse, Micaelamys namaquensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Relton ◽  
N.C. Bennett ◽  
K. Medger
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Specific Mode ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Ovarian Size

The pattern of ovulation in mammals is generally considered to be either spontaneous or induced by copulation, with environmental and social factors playing a key role in determining the specific mode of ovulation that would maximize the reproductive potential of the species. This study aims to determine whether the Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis (A. Smith, 1834)) is a spontaneous or induced ovulator. Females were divided into three treatments differing in the degree of contact with a male. Namely, seven control females had no contact with a male; a further seven separated females had only chemical, auditory, and visual contact with a male; whereas six females had intermittent periods of full contact with a vasectomized male. Ovarian size, follicular development, and plasma progesterone concentrations were compared between the three treatments. Penile morphology was also investigated. Corpora lutea were found in all three treatments and the penis was smooth without any ridges or spikes, indicating that M. namaquensis is a spontaneous ovulator. Interestingly, however, the presence of a male (physical as well as just visual and olfactory) positively affected ovarian size, ovulation, and plasma progesterone concentrations. This signifies that although M. namaquensis ovulates spontaneously, male contact significantly influences ovulation rate and ultimately reproductive success.

Progesterone as the driving regulatory force behind serum FSH concentrations and antral follicular development in cycling ewes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya E. Baby ◽  
Pawel M. Bartlewski
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
And Control

Ovarian antral follicles in sheep grow in an orderly succession, producing typically three to four follicular waves per 17-day oestrous cycle. Each wave is preceded by a transient increase in circulating FSH concentrations. The mechanism controlling the number of recurrent FSH peaks and emerging follicular waves remains unknown. During the ewe’s oestrous cycle, the time between the first two FSH peaks and days of wave emergence is longer than the intervals separating the ensuing FSH peaks and follicular waves. The prolonged interpeak and interwave interval occurs early in the luteal phase when low levels of progesterone are secreted by developing, or not fully functional, corpora lutea (CL). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of varying progesterone (P4) levels on circulating concentrations of FSH and antral follicular development in sheep. Exogenous P4 (15 mg per ewe, i.m.) was administered twice daily to six cycling Rideau Arcott × Dorset ewes from Day 0 (ovulation) to Day 4 (the mean duration of the interwave interval); six animals served as controls. Follicular growth was monitored in all animals by daily transrectal ultrasonography (Days 0–9). Jugular blood samples were drawn twice a day from Day 0 to Day 4 and then daily until Day 9 to measure systemic concentrations of P4, FSH and 17β-oestradiol (E2). The first FSH peak after ovulation was detected on Days 1.5 ± 0.2 and 4.2 ± 0.2 in treated and control ewes, respectively (P < 0.05). The next FSH peak(s) occurred on Day 3.9 ± 0.3 in the treated group and on Day 6.4 ± 0.5 in the control group. Consequently, the treated group had, on average, three follicular waves emerging on Days 0, 3 and 6, whereas the control group had two waves emerging on Days 0 and 5. Mean serum E2 concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in control compared with treated ewes on Days 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4.0 and 4.3 after ovulation. In summary, creation of mid-luteal phase levels of P4 in metoestrus shortened the time to the first post-ovulatory FSH peak in ewes, resulting in the emergence of one more follicular wave compared with control ewes during the same time frame. Therefore, P4 appears to be a key endocrine signal governing the control of periodic increases in serum FSH concentrations and the number of follicular waves in cycling sheep.

scholarly journals Increased ovulation rate in gilts treated with dihydrotestosterone

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Cardenas ◽  
WF Pope ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Fsh Receptor ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Early Follicular Phase

Treatment with testosterone increases ovulation rate in pigs. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a non-aromatizable androgen receptor ligand, on ovulation rate and amounts of androgen receptor and FSH receptor mRNAs in postpubertal gilts. In Expt 1, ovulation rate in response to daily i.m. injections of 0, 6, 60 or 600 microg DHT kg(-1) body weight from day 13 of the oestrous cycle (day 0 = day 1 of oestrus) to the following oestrus increased with each dose of DHT (P < 0.05). The mean increase in number of corpora lutea ranged from approximately three to 17 over the three dosages of DHT. In Expt 2, gilts treated daily with 60 microg DHT kg(-1) body weight during the early follicular phase (from day 13 to day 16), coincident with follicular recruitment, or the late follicular phase (day 17 to oestrus), had higher (P < 0.05) rates of ovulation compared with gilts that received vehicle, and were not different from gilts treated with DHT from day 13 to oestrus. Percentage recovery of day 3 embryos was not altered when gilts were treated from day 13 to day 16 or from day 17 to oestrus; however, treatment of gilts with DHT from day 13 to oestrus decreased recovery of day 3 (Expt 1) or day 11 (Expt 2) conceptuses. Daily administration of 6 microg DHT kg(-1) body weight to gilts from day 13 of the oestrous cycle to the following oestrus (Expt 3) did not affect the relative amounts of androgen receptor mRNA, but increased (P < 0.05) the amounts of FSH receptor mRNA in preovulatory follicles as determined by RT-PCR. The results of these experiments indicate that androgens may regulate ovulation rate in gilts. One of the roles of androgens might be regulation of the amounts of FSH receptor mRNA in ovarian follicles.

scholarly journals Follicular dynamic and repeatability of follicular wave development in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imron ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
. Amrozi ◽  
Mohamad Agus Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Wave Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

<p class="abstrak2">Superovulation treatment on PO cattle (Bos indicus) was less responsive compared to Bos taurus breed. It might due to the difference of their follicular dynamic. This study was conducted to investigate the follicular dynamics and its repeatability in PO cattle. Follicular dynamics observations conducted on 9 cows trough ultrasound scanning every day. Observations of wave patterns repeatability were performed in 6 cows which its wave pattern already known on the next consecutive IOI.  Research result indicated that PO cattle had 3 (66%) and 4-waves (34%) pattern. The first wave of 3 and 4-waves pattern emerged on day -0.4+0.9 and 1.4+1.1 respectively.  The second wave of 3 and 4-wave pattern emerged on day 9.8+1.5 and 7.4+1.9 respectively.  The pattern of 3 waves has a longer follicle dominant duration (11.6+1.5 day) in the first wave of estrous cycle, compared with 4 waves pattern (10+2.92 and 7+1.00 day respectively). The growth rate of dominant follicle was not different significantly between the 3 and 4-waves pattern (0.87+0.23 and 0.94+0.25 mm/day respectively). Similarly, ovulatory follicle diameter between 3 and 4-waves pattern was also not different significantly (12.24+12.34 and 12.30+12.23 mm respectively). Observation of wave patterns repeatability in 6 PO cows indicated that PO cattle had high repeatability in follicular wave pattern (0.88) and the number of growing follicle was 0.91.  This study resulted data for dynamic of follicular development, wave pattern, its repeatability which be expected to design the protocol of superovulation treatment or other reproduction technologies based on follicular dynamic to improve its result in PO cattle.</p><p> </p>

THE EFFECT OF AUTOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE OVARIES TO THE KIDNEYS OR UTERUS ON THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE GUINEA-PIG

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. BLAND ◽  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Local Nature

SUMMARY Autotransplantation of the ovaries of guinea-pigs to either the uterus or the kidneys caused the degeneration of all luteal and follicular tissue with the exception of the primordial follicles situated in the periphery of the graft. Follicular development then took place and oestrus and ovulation occurred 10–11 days after transplantation. The corpora lutea formed at this ovulation were maintained in a functional state for more than 35 days when the ovaries were transferred to the kidneys but when ovarian grafts were made to the uterus a series of shortened vaginal cycles was observed. These results substantiate the local nature of the luteolytic abilities of the uterus in this species and imply the existence of a uterine luteolytic substance.

Physiological mechanisms of ovarian follicular growth in pigs — A review

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Schwarz ◽  
Marcin Kopyra ◽  
Jacek Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ovarian Follicular Growth ◽  
Insight Into

Follicular growth after antrum formation is determined by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Only two ways are possible for recruited follicles, continuing development or atresia. In gilts, intensive ovarian follicular growth begins between 60 and 100 days of age, and fluctuations of the ovarian morphological status last about 20 days; however, at that time there are no really large follicles. Final follicular development is under luteinising hormone (LH) control; this is why the attainment of puberty is related to an increase in serum oestradiol to a level that causes a preovulatory surge of this gonadotropin. The pool of follicles at the beginning of the oestrous cycle is about 30–40, most of which are small (< 3 mm) and growing. Then, the pool of follicles increases to about 80 in the mid-luteal phase but about 50 of them are small and 30 are medium sized (3–6.9 mm). Some of these follicles are in the growing phase, but some are atretic. Between days 7 and 15 of the oestrous cycle the percentage of atretic follicles fluctuates between 12 and 73%. At that time there are no large (> 7 mm) follicles because of the suppressing effect of progesterone. The number of small follicles declines after luteolysis. From the pool of medium follicles, large follicles are selected under the influence of LH, but about 70% of the medium-sized follicles become atretic. Because of the long-lasting selection process there is a significant heterogeneity in the diameter of large follicles in oestrus. However, the number of follicles correlates with the number of corpora lutea after ovulation. Individual follicular development and the relationship between follicles are still poorly known. The use of ultrasonography may give a closer insight into these phenomena.

scholarly journals Relationship between FoxO1 protein levels and follicular development, atresia, and luteinization in the rat ovary

2003 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Shi ◽  
PS LaPolt
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles

FoxO1 is a transcription factor implicated in a growing number of physiological processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and insulin signaling. Recent findings indicate that FSH and growth factors influence ovarian functions in part through regulation of FoxO1. The present study utilized immunohistochemical analysis to determine the ovarian localization and regulation of FoxO1 protein levels in neonatal rats, immature rats during gonadotropin-induced follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization, and in spontaneously developing ovarian cysts of aging rats. In postnatal rats, FoxO1 immunoreactivity was very faint in ovaries of 5- and 10-day-old females. In contrast, strong immunoreactivity was observed in granulosa cells of larger developing follicles at 25 days of age. To stimulate follicle development, immature female rats received equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed 52 h later by an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Prior to gonadotropin treatment, moderate FoxO1 immunoreactivity was observed in granulosa cells of small follicles. Subsequently, treatment with eCG markedly decreased FoxO1 protein levels in granulosa cells of healthy antral and preovulatory follicles. Interestingly, FoxO1 staining was observed in cumulus and antral, but not mural granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Induction of ovulation and luteinization with hCG further decreased ovarian FoxO1 levels, with no staining evident in corpora lutea. At all time points, the most intensive FoxO1 staining was observed in granulosa cells of atretic follicles, with predominantly nuclear localization. Similarly, while FoxO1 levels were low in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles in proestrous rats, FoxO1 staining was intense in granulosa cells of spontaneously developing cystic follicles in aged, acyclic females. Together, these findings indicate that FoxO1 is expressed in a regulated, cell-specific manner during ovarian follicular development, atresia and luteinization, suggesting roles in these physiological processes.

scholarly journals Follicular dynamics and gene expression in granulosa cells, corpora lutea and oocytes from gilts of breeds with low and high ovulation rates

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Silva ◽  
S. E. F. Guimarães ◽  
J. D. Guimarães ◽  
C. S. Nascimento ◽  
P. S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apoptotic Genes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Follicular dynamics and the expression of candidate genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared during the oestrous cycle of pig breeds with high (commercial line; n = 24) and low (local Brazilian Piau; n = 21) ovulation rates and prolificacy. Gilts were killed on Days 0, 4, 10 and 18 of the oestrous cycle and visible ovarian follicles were classified by follicular diameter. Recovered cumulus–oocyte complexes were classified as normal or atretic and frozen in liquid nitrogen until RNA extraction. Low ovulation rates and/or prolificacy in Piau gilts was associated with a different pattern of follicle development, with lower numbers of small follicles on Day 18, fewer large follicles on Days 0 and 18 (P ≤ 0.05) and a higher proportion of atretic follicles on Days 0 and 18 (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with commercial line gilts, less-prolific Piau gilts exhibited higher expression of apoptotic genes during luteolysis (CASP3 and FASL; P ≤ 0.05), decreased expression of TGFBR2 and BAX mRNA in the corpus luteum (P ≤ 0.05), higher expression of apoptotic genes (FAS, BCL2 and CASP8; P ≤ 0.05) in granulosa cells and a greater abundance (P ≤ 0.05) of genes controlling oocyte-secreted factors (GDF9, BMP15 and BMP6), suggesting underlying mechanisms controlling differences in follicular development, ovulation rate and inherent prolificacy in this pig breed.

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