Heavy metal distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability in long-term contaminated soils from Lake Macquarie, Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwon-Rae Kim ◽  
Gary Owens ◽  
Ravi Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Metal Phytoavailability

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability of heavy metal(loids) in long-term contaminated soils within the vicinity of a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) smelter in Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia. Thirty-two representative surface (0–100 mm) soils were collected from the region surrounding the smelter. The soils were analysed for aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), bioaccessibility using a simplified physiological-based extraction technique (SBET), and phytoavailability using 1 m NH4NO3 extractions, together with key soil properties known to influence metal speciation and availability. The area was found to be potentially contaminated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) with many soil samples exceeding the Australian Health Investigation Levels for ‘Standard’ residential areas. Lead bioaccessibility ranged from 32 to 100% of the total Pb concentration, with bioaccessibility increasing as metal loading increased. Heavy metal phytoavailability was strongly related to soil pH for Cu (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001), Pb (r2 = 0.70, P < 0.001), and Cd (r2 = 0.66, P < 0.001), implying that the phytoavailability of these heavy metal was mainly governed by soil acidity. Most significantly, the presence of multiple metals was found to influence metal phytoavailability. For example, the presence of Pb significantly influenced the phytoavailability of Cd (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001) and Zn (r2 = 0.78, P < 0.001) in mixed heavy metal contaminated soils.

Chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils: Metal speciation in soil solution

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Kwon-Rae ◽  
Gary Owens
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Speciation

Heavy Metal Speciation of Sewage Sludge and its Phytotoxic Effects on the Germination of Three Plant Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1022-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Hao Hu ◽  
Ju Hong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Industrial Sludge ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Aqua Regia

The environmental impact of sewage sludges depends on the availability and phytotoxicity of their heavy metal. The influence of representative sludges (industrial sludge and municipal sludge) on the availability of heavy metals, and their effects on seed germination were compared. The total heavy metal concentrations were below the maximum permitted for land applied waste and the differences among them were small. The DTPA-extracted metal concentrations were significant different. The sum of all the fractions in the slugdes was close to the total metal content as determined by extraction with aqua regia. In addition, there were significant differences in the chemical forms of the heavy metals (Hg, Ni, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb) by the sequential extraction system. The two different sludges also affected seed germination and root elongation in different ways. The most serious adverse effects were caused by the municipal sewage sludge extract.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Heavy Metal Input to Forest Soils in Rural Areas of Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hovmand ◽  
Kaare Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs

Atmospheric bulk deposition of heavy metals (HM) was measured from 1972/73 to the present time at five to ten forest sites in rural areas of Denmark. From 1979, HM in aerosols were measured at one to four forest sites. On the basis of these long-term continuous measurements, the atmospheric inputs to the forest floor have been calculated. Yearly HM emission estimates to the European atmosphere seems to correlate well with yearly average values of HM deposition, as well as with HM concentrations in the ambient atmosphere. HM emissions have been estimated since the 1950s. Using the correlation between emission and deposition, HM deposition values maybe extrapolated in reverse chronological order. The accumulated atmospheric HM deposition has been estimated in this way over a period of 50 years.

Heavy metal speciation in waters, sediments and biota from Lake Macquarie, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Batley
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Zinc Smelter ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Lead Zinc

The distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in waters and sediments from Lake Macquarie (N.S.W.) have been examined. Elevated concentrations of zinc, lead, cadmium and copper detected in surface sediments and waters from the northern end of the lake are attributable to discharges from a lead-zinc smelter on Cockle Creek. The majority of the metals are in bioavailable forms and are shown to be accumulated in seagrasses, seaweeds and bivalves. Calculations indicate that, at the current rates of discharge, the concentrations of bioavailable metals in newly-deposited sediments should not be deleterious. Elutriate tests showed that there will be no significant mobilization of metals during dredging operations to remove the contaminated sediments.

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Castor Cultivars for Heavy Metals from Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. KHAN ◽  
N. AHMED ◽  
W. HASSAN ◽  
T. SABA ◽  
S. KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation is a useful tool to restore heavy metals contaminated soils. This study was carried out to test two castor (Ricinus communis) cultivars [Local and DS-30] for phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil spiked by known concentrations of seven metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). A pot experiment was laid out by using a completely randomized design. Soil and plant samples were analyzed at 100 days after planting. The data on heavy metal uptake by plant tissues (roots, leaves and shoots) of the two castor cultivars suggested that a considerable amount of metals (Fe = 27.18 mg L-1; Cu = 5.06 mg L-1; Cr = 2.95 mg L-1; Mn = 0.22 mg L-1; Ni = 4.66 mg L-1; Pb = 3.33 mg L-1; Zn = 15.04 mg L-1) was accumulated in the plant biomass. The soil heavy metal content at the end of experiment significantly decreased with both cultivars, resulting in improved soil quality. Therefore, it is concluded that both castor cultivars, Local and DS-30, can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Andreea IORDACHE ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Elena HORJ ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

scholarly journals Biochar remediation of soil: linking biochar production with function in heavy metal contaminated soils  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Taraqqi-A-Kamal ◽  
Christopher J. Atkinson ◽  
Aimal Khan ◽  
Kaikai Zhang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Function ◽  
Soil Functionality ◽  
Insight Into

The focus of this study is on the soil physicochemical, biological, and microbiological processes altered by biochar application to heavy metal (HM) contaminated soils. The aim is to highlight agronomical and environmental issues by which the restorative capacity of biochar might be developed. Literature shows biochar can induce soil remediation, however, it is unclear how soil processes are linked mechanistically to biochar production and if these processes can be manipulated to enhance soil remediation. The literature often fails to contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which biochar alters soil function. It is clear that factors such as biochar feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, application rate, and soil type are determinants in biochar soil functionality. These factors are developed to enhance our insight into production routes and the benefits of biochar in HM soil remediation. Despite a large number of studies of biochar in soils, there is little understanding of long-term effects, this is particularly true with respect to the use and need for reapplication in soil remediation.  

scholarly journals The rainfall effect onto solidification and stabilization of heavy metal-polluted sediments

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 192234
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Daofang Zhang ◽  
Feipeng Li ◽  
Hong Tao ◽  
Moting Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Calculated Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Leaching Procedure

Rainfall makes impacts on the process of solidification/stabilization (S/S) and the long-term safety of solidified matrix. In this study, the effect of rainfall on solidification/stabilization process was investigated by the rainfall test. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) were adopted to characterize the properties of S/S sediments before and after the rainfall test. The samples cured for 28 days were selected for semi-dynamic leaching tests with a simulated acidic leachant prepared at pH of 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0. The effectiveness of S/S treatment was evaluated by diffusion coefficient ( D e ) and leachability index (LX). The results indicated that UCS decreased at maximum deterioration rate of 34.23% after 7 days of curing, along with the minimum rate of 7.98% after 28 days by rainfall, with greater than 14 days referred. The rainfall had little effect on the leaching characteristics of heavy metals during the curing process. However, the simulated acid rain made significant impacts on the leaching behaviours of the heavy metals in the S/S materials. All the values of cumulative fraction of leached heavy metals were less than 2.0%, exhibition of good stabilization of cement. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficient ( D e ) for Cu was 1.28 × 10 1 cm 2 s –1 , indicating its low mobility of heavy metal ions in S/S sediments. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion coefficients ( D i ) for Cd, Cu and Pb were 7.44 × 10 −11 , 8.18 × 10 −12 and 7.85 × 10 −12 cm 2 s –1 , respectively, indicating their relatively low mobility of heavy metal in S/S sediments.

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