237. AR-mediated androgen actions are essential for normal mouse uterine growth and development but not implantation and embryo development

Recently the androgen receptor (AR) has been shown definitively to play a role in female reproduction. We generated a homozygous AR−/− female mouse using Cre/LoxP recombination for an in-frame excision of exon 3, encoding the second zinc finger essential for DNA-binding, while allowing production of an exon 3 deleted mutant AR protein which is nonfunctional as a nuclear transcription factor. AR−/− females were sub-fertile due primarily to ovulatory dysfunction (1). However, the mechanism(s) of the observed sub-fertility remains to be fully defined. To evaluate the role of AR in uterine function we carried out a morphological and function analysis of the AR−/− uterus. Uterine weights did not differ, however, AR−/− females exhibited a significant increase in uterine horn length (P < 0.01), and a significant reduction in uterine diameter (P < 0.01), total uterine area (P < 0.01), endometrial area (P < 0.05) and myometrial area (P < 0.01), indicating a role for genomic AR-mediated actions in physiological uterine growth and development. Furthermore, during late pregnancy AR−/− females had significantly fewer implantation sites (P < 0.01), fetuses present in utero (P < 0.05) and a lower serum progesterone concentration (P < 0.01). In spite of these findings, AR−/− females had normal gestational length, parturition and pup weights, as well as similar pre- and post implantation losses compared with AR+/+ females. Therefore, although AR is not essential for normal uterine reproductive function, disrupting genomic AR signalling in the uterus leads to dysfunctional uterine development which may have important long-term functional consequences for hormone dependent uterine disorders such as endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. (1) K. A. Walters et al. Endocrinology 148, 3674 (2007).

Download Full-text

Expression and function analysis of wheat expasin genes EXPA2 and EXPB1

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1901261z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 261-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong Zhu ◽

Yanlin Liu ◽

Man Jin ◽

Guanxing Chen ◽

Slaven Prodanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Structural Features ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Cell Wall Loosening ◽

And Function ◽

Wall Loosening

Expansins are a group of plant cell wall loosening proteins that play important roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we performed the first study on the molecular characterization, transcriptional expression and functional properties of two wheat expansin genes TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1. The results indicated that TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 genes had typical structural features of plant expansin gene family. As a member of ?-expansins, TaEXPA2 is closely related to rice OsEXPA17 while the ?- expansin member TaEXPB1 has closely phylogenetic relationships with rice OsEXPAB4. The genetic transformation to Arabidopsis showed that both TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 were located in cell wall and highly expressed in roots, leaves and seeds. Overexpression of TaEXPA2 and TaEXPB1 genes showed similar functions, causing rapid root elongation, early bolting, and increases in leaves number, rosette diameter and stems length. These results demonstrated that wheat expansin genes TaEXPA1 and TaEXPB2 can enhance plant growth and development.

Download Full-text

Dietary Protein Deficiency in Early Life of F1 and F2 Generations of Sprague Dawley Rats Disrupts the Reproductive Function

10.21203/rs.3.rs-282354/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nosarieme Omoregie Abey ◽

Osaretin Albert Taiwo Ebuehi ◽

Ngozi Awa Imaga

Keyword(s):

Dietary Protein ◽

Early Life ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Control Diet ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Protein Deficiency ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Ovarian Structure ◽

And Function

Abstract Background: The ability to reproduce efficiently is an important characteristic that has evolved through natural selection. Nutrition can modulate reproductive activities at different levels, its effect on nutrition is therefore complex and less predictable. This study aims at investigating the underlying effect of persistent dietary protein deficiency during early life on reproductive parameters of subsequent (F1 and F2) generations.Method: Rats in group of four (4) were fed daily, with different ration of protein diet (PD) formulated as: 21% protein diet, 10%protein diet, 5%protein diet and control diet (rat chow, containing 16-18% protein). They were fed ad libitum before mating, throughout gestation and lactation, and next generations were weaned to the maternal diet. Reproductive function analysis (which include; gestation and pubertal hormonal profiling, onset of puberty, oestrus cyclicity, sexual response) and morphometric analysis of the ovarian structure were carried out to assess associated consequences.Results: showed significant reduction in the fertility index as a consequence of altered reproductive function in the protein deficient models at P≤ 0.05. Low protein diet posed suboptimal intrauterine condition, which was linked to increased prenatal morbidity and mortality, lowered birthweight delayed onset of puberty, induced cycle irregularity, altered follicular maturation and endocrine dysfunction in the protein deficient groups. Reproductive status of an individual female organism critically depends on the maintenance of ovarian structure and function that has been associated with the hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis, hormonal events and sexual maturity.Conclusion: There is therefore an association between persistent early life protein deficiency and reproductive response which mechanistically involves life-long changes in key ovarian cytoarchitecture and function.

Download Full-text

Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.02.056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

R. Iskra ◽

V. Vlizlo ◽

R. Fedoruk

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Metabolic Effect ◽

Considerable Part ◽

Cultural Medium ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Chromium Compounds ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

Download Full-text

Plant hormones, plant growth regulators

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.29939 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (26) ◽

pp. 1011-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

György Végvári ◽

Edina Vidéki

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Essential Role ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wide Sense ◽

Large Scale Integration ◽

Scale Integration ◽

And Function

Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

Download Full-text

Chaperonin as the normal controls and pathological anti-stress response in the human reproductive system

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.111.126 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 126-129

Author(s):

M. Makarenko ◽

◽

D. Hovsyeyev ◽

L. Sydoryk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive System ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Intercellular Signaling ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Wide Range ◽

Protein Functions ◽

And Function

Different kinds of physiological stress cause mass changes in the cells, including the changes in the structure and function of the protein complexes and in separate molecules. The protein functions is determined by its folding (the spatial conclusion), which depends on the functioning of proteins of thermal shock- molecular chaperons (HSPs) or depends on the stress proteins, that are high-conservative; specialized proteins that are responsible for the correct proteinaceous folding. The family of the molecular chaperones/ chaperonins/ Hsp60 has a special place due to the its unique properties of activating the signaling cascades through the system of Toll-like receptors; it also stimulates the cells to produce anti- inflammatory cytokines, defensins, molecules of cell adhesion and the molecules of MHC; it functions as the intercellular signaling molecule. The pathological role of Hsp60 is established in a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to atherosclerosis, where Hsp60 takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and the autoimmune processes. The presence of the HSPs was found in different tissues that are related to the reproductive system. Key words: molecular chaperons (HSPs), Toll-like receptors, reproductive function, natural auto antibody.

Download Full-text

RNA Interference Vector Construction, Genetic Transformation and Function Analysis of Rice Transcription FactorOsMYB14

Chinese Journal of Appplied Environmental Biology ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1145.2013.00960 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 960

Author(s):

Yanwen MIAO ◽

Rong LI ◽

Fangjie XIONG ◽

Zhengming ZENG ◽

Xiangli NIU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rna Interference ◽

Genetic Transformation ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Vector Construction ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Inheritable testicular metabolic memory of high-fat diet causes transgenerational sperm defects in mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88981-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Luís Crisóstomo ◽

Ivana Jarak ◽

Luís P. Rato ◽

João F. Raposo ◽

Rachel L. Batterham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Quality ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Principal Component ◽

Testicular Tissue ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Metabolic Memory ◽

High Fat ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe consumption of energy-dense diets has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities worldwide. The adoption of unhealthy feeding habits often occurs at early age, prompting the early onset of metabolic disease with unknown consequences for reproductive function later in life. Recently, evidence has emerged regarding the intergenerational and transgenerational effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on sperm parameters and testicular metabolism. Hereby, we study the impact of high-fat feeding male mice (F0) on the testicular metabolome and function of their sons (F1) and grandsons (F2). Testicular content of metabolites related to insulin resistance, cell membrane remodeling, nutritional support and antioxidative stress (leucine, acetate, glycine, glutamine, inosine) were altered in sons and grandsons of mice fed with HFD, comparing to descendants of chow-fed mice. Sperm counts were lower in the grandsons of mice fed with HFD, even if transient. Sperm quality was correlated to testicular metabolite content in all generations. Principal Component Analysis of sperm parameters and testicular metabolites revealed an HFD-related phenotype, especially in the diet-challenged generation and their grandsons. Ancestral HFD, even if transient, causes transgenerational “inherited metabolic memory” in the testicular tissue, characterized by changes in testicular metabolome and function.

Download Full-text