Efficacy of manufactured PIGOUT® baits for localised control of feral pigs in the semi-arid Queensland rangelands

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan D. Cowled ◽  
Eddie Gifford ◽  
Michelle Smith ◽  
Linton Staples ◽  
Steven J. Lapidge
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Feral Pig

Conservative population declines of 73% were recorded in three independent feral pig populations in Welford National Park, Queensland, when PIGOUT® baits containing 72 mg of sodium fluoroacetate were used in a baiting program following prefeeding. Declines were measured using a prebaiting population census with remote cameras, followed by carcass recovery. The knockdown of susceptible feral pigs may have been higher than this, since any carcasses not recovered reduced the recorded efficacy. In addition, feral pigs know to have left the baiting area after trapping and telemetry-tagging, and subsequently not exposed to toxic baits, were included in the analysis. The use of remote cameras and carcass recovery appears to be a relatively accurate means of recording localised declines in feral pig populations. This method is applicable only when carcass recovery is possible, such as in open areas in the semi-arid rangelands. A decline of 86% of radio-tagged feral pigs attending bait stations was also recorded. Camera observations revealed no non-target consumption of baits. Measurement of sodium fluoroacetate–contaminated tissues from feral pigs showed that residues were too low to present a significant risk to recorded scavenging animals in the area. Some feral pigs vomited before death, with vomitus containing sodium fluoroacetate poison at high concentrations. No vomitus was consumed by non-target species. Almost all feral pigs were killed relatively rapidly after ingestion of sodium fluoroacetate and the signs observed in a small number of poisoned feral pigs did not indicate a significant welfare concern.

Cultivation of New Emerging Agro-Nutritional Crop of Quinoa at Madinat al-Hikmah Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Rizvi ◽  
Syed Abid Ali ◽  
Iqra Munir ◽  
Kousar Yasmeen ◽  
Rubina Abid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Elemental Accumulation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Good Agreement

Aim: Quinoa is a popular source of protein, minerals and alternative to traditional grains. The objective of this study is to introduce the Quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh province of Pakistan. Method: A variety of NARC-9 from the agricultural Punjab province was cultivated and subjected to analyze the growth, morphological characters of the varieties obtained, saponin, protein and the elemental composition viz. Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Pb, and Zn. Result: The result demonstrated the optimum growth and no disease were found in the experimental area. At least three major varieties of quinoa were obtained. Seed morphological data of these three quinoa cultivars were collected. The average saponin levels were quite reasonable. Overall proteins band pattern revealed very high polymorphism in quinoa cultivars and the results were also in good agreement with earlier studies. Conclusion: All quinoa cultivars of Madinat al-Hikmah showed high concentrations of albumin than globulin concentrations (i.e. 48-52% and 24-27%, respectively) as compared to control seeds from market that had similar concentrations of the two fractions i.e. 35.58% and 37.68%, respectively. Likewise, low concentrations of prolamin 14-16% and glutelin 11-12% compared to control seeds 13% rank our crop much better quality than the imported one in the market. The trend of elemental accumulation was followed as K >Na >Fe >Zn >Cu >Pb >Cd, while for comparison it was Na >K >Zn >Fe >Cu >Pb >Cd >Pb for wheat grown under similar conditions. Traditional grains together make a major contribution to the total nutritional element intake of the average Pakistani citizen through diet, not only because of large amounts consumed, but also in part by suitable levels of their proteins and elemental up take for good health. Thus the successful cultivation of quinoa in the semi-arid zone of Sindh will certainly prove beneficial.

Detection of Biogenic Amine Producer Bacteria in a Typical Italian Goat Cheese

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA BONETTA ◽  
SARA BONETTA ◽  
ELISABETTA CARRARO ◽  
JEAN DANIEL COÏSSON ◽  
FABIANO TRAVAGLIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Goat Cheese ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Amine Content ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this study was to research decarboxylating bacterial strains and biogenic amine content in a typical Italian goat cheese (Robiola di Roccaverano). The study was performed on fresh and ripened samples of goat cheese manufactured from industrial and artisanal producers. Sixty-seven bacterial strains isolated showed decarboxylating activity, and Enterococcus faecalis was the most widespread decarboxylating species in all artisanal and industrial products. Pediococcus acidilactici and Enterococcus malodoratus were also identified as biogenic amine producers in Robiola di Roccaverano cheese. All the E. faecalis strains isolated in this study were able to decarboxylate tyrosine. Tyramine was the most abundant biogenic amine in cheese samples, while histamine was the most widespread. High amounts of these two biogenic amines were found in ripened samples (up to 2,067 mg/kg for tyramine and 1,786 mg/kg for histamine), whereas 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine were present in almost all ripened cheeses at low concentrations. The detection of strains producing biogenic amines and the high concentrations of tyramine and histamine found in ripened Robiola di Roccaverano could represent a potential risk to the consumer.

scholarly journals Top carnivore decline has cascading effects on scavengers and carrion persistence

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1892) ◽  
pp. 20181582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum X. Cunningham ◽  
Christopher N. Johnson ◽  
Leon A. Barmuta ◽  
Tracey Hollings ◽  
Eric J. Woehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Mesopredator Release ◽  
Landscape Of Fear ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Remote Cameras

Top carnivores have suffered widespread global declines, with well-documented effects on mesopredators and herbivores. We know less about how carnivores affect ecosystems through scavenging. Tasmania's top carnivore, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) , has suffered severe disease-induced population declines, providing a natural experiment on the role of scavenging in structuring communities. Using remote cameras and experimentally placed carcasses, we show that mesopredators consume more carrion in areas where devils have declined. Carcass consumption by the two native mesopredators was best predicted by competition for carrion, whereas consumption by the invasive mesopredator, the feral cat ( Felis catus ), was better predicted by the landscape-level abundance of devils, suggesting a relaxed landscape of fear where devils are suppressed. Reduced discovery of carcasses by devils was balanced by the increased discovery by mesopredators. Nonetheless, carcasses persisted approximately 2.6-fold longer where devils have declined, highlighting their importance for rapid carrion removal. The major beneficiary of increased carrion availability was the forest raven ( Corvus tasmanicus ). Population trends of ravens increased 2.2-fold from 1998 to 2017, the period of devil decline, but this increase occurred Tasmania-wide, making the cause unclear. This case study provides a little-studied potential mechanism for mesopredator release, with broad relevance to the vast areas of the world that have suffered carnivore declines.

scholarly journals Seasonal influence of snow conditions on Dall’s sheep productivity in Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0244787
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Cosgrove ◽  
Jeff Wells ◽  
Anne W. Nolin ◽  
Judy Putera ◽  
Laura R. Prugh
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
Snow Conditions ◽  
Dall’S Sheep

Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) are endemic to alpine areas of sub-Arctic and Arctic northwest America and are an ungulate species of high economic and cultural importance. Populations have historically experienced large fluctuations in size, and studies have linked population declines to decreased productivity as a consequence of late-spring snow cover. However, it is not known how the seasonality of snow accumulation and characteristics such as depth and density may affect Dall’s sheep productivity. We examined relationships between snow and climate conditions and summer lamb production in Wrangell-St Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska over a 37-year study period. To produce covariates pertaining to the quality of the snowpack, a spatially-explicit snow evolution model was forced with meteorological data from a gridded climate re-analysis from 1980 to 2017 and calibrated with ground-based snow surveys and validated by snow depth data from remote cameras. The best calibrated model produced an RMSE of 0.08 m (bias 0.06 m) for snow depth compared to the remote camera data. Observed lamb-to-ewe ratios from 19 summers of survey data were regressed against seasonally aggregated modelled snow and climate properties from the preceding snow season. We found that a multiple regression model of fall snow depth and fall air temperature explained 41% of the variance in lamb-to-ewe ratios (R2 = .41, F(2,38) = 14.89, p<0.001), with decreased lamb production following deep snow conditions and colder fall temperatures. Our results suggest the early establishment and persistence of challenging snow conditions is more important than snow conditions immediately prior to and during lambing. These findings may help wildlife managers to better anticipate Dall’s sheep recruitment dynamics.

scholarly journals Kiberbiztonság a koronavírus idején – a COVID–19 nemzetbiztonsági aspektusai

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Tamás Palicz ◽  
Balázs Bencsik ◽  
Miklós Szócska
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All

Összefoglaló. A COVID–19 pandémia az információbiztonság területén új kihívásokat jelentett. A távolról végzett munka különböző formái jelentős mértékben növelték az online tér biztonsági kockázatát. Nőtt a hálózatok nagysága, az adatforgalom, és azon felhasználók száma, akiknek nem volt érdemi tapasztalatuk az online térben. A járvány ideje alatt a kibertérből érkező támadások szektoronként és időszakonként eltérő intenzitásúak voltak, a támadások típusa a phishingtől a malwareken keresztül az információs zavarkeltésig széles spektrumban változott. Számos jelenségnek nemzetbiztonsági vonatkozásai is voltak. Összefoglaló cikkünkben a fenti jelenségek nemzetközi és hazai tapasztalatait összegezzük, különös figyelmet szentelve az egészségügyi rendszernek, illetve a vakcinafejlesztés kibertérből érkező fenyegetéseinek. Summary. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new challenges emerged in the field of information security and cyber security. Home office, home schooling and distance learning, or even telemedicine hit some organizations unprepared. Security risks in online space have increased significantly: the number of network endpoints and the number of computers, laptops and mobile devices have increased with network data traffic as well as the number of users who had no significant experience in online space. They appeared as a significant risk factor. This has been exacerbated, especially in healthcare, by the extremely high workload, which has made systems highly vulnerable. During the epidemic, attacks from cyberspace varied in intensity from sector to sector and period to period. Statistics from international and national organizations have shown that from the end of the first quarter of 2020, the number of cyber security incidents jumped sharply and then remained high even after a small decline. The types of attacks had an extremely wide range: from phishing through malware to misinformation, almost all types of attacks occurred. Many phenomena also had national security implications. Ransomware virus attacks on health have affected almost all health systems and reached high levels by the end of 2020 in particular. It was during the first period that, in an emergency case, there is thought to be an association between a ransomware virus attack and the death of a patient who was not admitted because of the attack. In addition to distance measures and the associated increase in cyber threats, the emerging threats related to vaccination, which is central to the fight against the epidemic, should also be highlighted. This period has shed light on how many vulnerabilities there are, from vaccine development through drug trials to delivery to vaccines and the organization of vaccines, that cybercriminals are able to attack. In order to prevent and combat these threats and attacks, and to respond appropriately, complex, multidisciplinary collaborations are needed in which security science has a privileged place. In our review article, we summarize the international and national experiences of the above phenomena, paying special attention to the health care system and the threats coming from cyberspace in vaccine development.

Feral pigs in north-western Australia: population recovery after 1080 baiting and further control

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Michael Everett ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Muddy Water ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Bait Station ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
North Western ◽  
Fitzroy River

The recovery rate of a population of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in the west Kimberley in north-western Australia was determined 12 months after a 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate)-baiting program. An estimated 56 pigs were present in the 15 000-ha study area in August 2005 compared with the prebaiting levels of 250–275 pigs in 2004 (11 pigs were known to be alive on site after the 2004 baiting). This represents a population recovery of 20–23% of the 2004 prebaiting levels. Although most pigs were in good body condition, environmental conditions were quite different between the two years. In 2005, some waterholes were dry or comprised mainly muddy water with little associated shelter for feral pigs. Consequently, and in contrast to 2004, no pigs were seen, and no bait take could be attributed to feral pigs, at the four resurveyed waterholes. Most pig sightings, and activity, were close to the Fitzroy River. Fermented wheat, with blood and bone, was used to determine areas of pig activity, and also used as prefeed before 1080-baiting commenced in 2005. Using the same bait stations as for 2004, plus additional stations established in new areas of pig activity, 1080-treated wheat and malted barley again proved highly effective in reducing pig numbers. The daily sighting index before and after 1080-baiting indicated that pig numbers had been reduced by ~90% within four days. Estimated pre- and postpoisoning density, with and without an edge effect, was 0.12–1.7 pigs km–2 and 0.05–0.67 pigs km–2. Pig tracks decreased to zero on the six track plots within two days of baiting, but the number of macropod tracks remained constant over the four-day baiting period. Thirty-eight poisoned pigs were found after 1080-baiting, and these were generally in clustered groups within 200 m of an active bait station. Poisoned juvenile pigs were again found closer to the active bait stations than were adult or subadult pigs (P < 0.05).

Partial dissociation of nitrogen aggregates in diamond by high temperature-high pressure treatments

1978 ◽  
Vol 361 (1704) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relation ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Type I ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Partial Dissociation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Type I (a) diamonds contain high concentrations of nitrogen, almost all of which is in an aggregated form. The two main aggregates are recognized by characteristic absorption features in the infrared region of the spectrum. These are called A and B features; usually a peak designated B' is also present. When such diamonds were heated at 1960 °C and above under a stabilizing pressure of 85kbar (8.5 GPa) the nitrogen aggregates partially dissociated, producing single substitutional atoms which were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.) measurements. Experiments with selected diamonds, showing wide variations in their characteristic infrared absorption, determined the relative stability of the A and B centres. Optical measurements led to the determination of a general relation between the strengths of the A, B and B' features. The experimental observations suggest a scheme for the occurrence of type I (a) diamonds containing nitrogen atoms which have aggregated into A centres; type I (b) diamonds can also be included in this scheme.

scholarly journals Livestock redistribute runoff and sediments in semi-arid rangeland areas

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sarah ◽  
M. Zonana
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Surface Patches ◽  
Sediment Deposits ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Semi-arid areas where grazing is the main land use exhibit a "three-phase-mosaic" pattern of dominant surface patches: shrubs, trampling routes, and intershrub areas. This pattern differs from the "two-phase mosaic" seen in grazing-free semi-arid areas. The patches might create a positive feedback process in which enhanced infiltration beneath shrubs minimizes overland flow from under their canopies, thereby strengthening the sink–source mechanism by which overland flow generated between shrubs rapidly infiltrates into the soil beneath them, where it deposits soil particles, litter, nutrients and organic matter, thereby enhancing infiltration by changing the local microtopography, and improving soil properties. To analyze sink–source relationships among the patches in grazed areas in rangelands of the semi-arid northern Negev region of Israel, we constructed small runoff plots, 0.25–1.0 m2 in area, of five types: shrub (Sarcopoterium spinosum), intershrub, route, route–shrub combination, and intershrub–shrub combination. The shrubs always occupied the downslope part of the plot. Overland flow and sediment deposits were measured in all plots during 2007/8 and 2008/9. The combined plots yielded much less overland flow and sediments than intershrub, routes and shrub ones, indicating that the shrubs absorbed almost all the yields of the upper part of their plots. The shrubs generated less runoff and sediments than routes and intershrubs; runoff flows from the routes and intershrubs were similar; sediment yield was highest in the intershrubs. Thus, runoff yield exhibited a two-phase mosaic pattern, and sediment yield, i.e., soil erosion, a three-phase mosaic pattern.

scholarly journals Diurnal Characteristics of Trapped Mountain Waves over the Foothills of Western Nepal Himalaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Ram P. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Mountain Waves ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Wrf Modeling ◽  
The Waves

Late wintertime diurnal variation and spatial distribution of mountain wave excitations over the Mt. Devchuli range and its surrounding areas have been numerically simulated with the application of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modeling System. The study reveals that the region holds low-level trapped mountain waves almost all the time. The waves are confined below the stratified layer at about 3km above the mean sea level. Wave excitation over the region is highly active during the afternoon time whereas it remains at minimum level during the late morning time. These waves pose significant risk for low-level aviation and parachuting activities.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 102-106

scholarly journals Analogs of the Autoinducer 3-Oxooctanoyl-Homoserine Lactone Strongly Inhibit Activity of the TraR Protein ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (20) ◽  
pp. 5398-5405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhu ◽  
John W. Beaber ◽  
Margret I. Moré ◽  
Clay Fuqua ◽  
Anatol Eberhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Binding Sites ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mediate Cell ◽  
Potent Antagonist ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACT The TraR and TraI proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciensmediate cell-density-dependent expression of the Ti plasmidtra regulon. TraI synthesizes the autoinducer pheromoneN-(3-oxooctanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL), while TraR is an 3-oxo-C8-HSL-responsive transcriptional activator. We have compared the abilities of 3-oxo-C8-HSL and 32 related compounds to activate expression of a TraR-regulated promoter. In a strain that expresses wild-type levels of TraR, only 3-oxo-C8-HSL was strongly stimulatory, four compounds were detectably active only at high concentrations, and the remaining 28 compounds were inactive. Furthermore, many of these compounds were potent antagonists. In contrast, almost all of these compounds were stimulatory in a congenic strain that overexpresses TraR and no compound was a potent antagonist. We propose a model in which autoinducers enhance the affinity of TraR either for other TraR monomers or for DNA binding sites and that overexpression of TraR potentiates this interaction by mass action. Wild-type A. tumefaciens released a rather broad spectrum of autoinducers, including several that antagonize induction of a wild-type strain. However, under all conditions tested, 3-oxo-C8-HSL was more abundant than any other analog, indicating that other released autoinducers do not interfere with tra gene induction. We conclude that (i) in wild-type strains, only 3-oxo-C8-HSL significantly stimulates tra gene expression, while many autoinducer analogs are potent antagonists; (ii) TraR overexpression increases agonistic activity of autoinducer analogs, allowing sensitive biodetection of many autoinducers; and (iii) autoinducer stimulatory activity is potentiated by TraR overproduction, suggesting that autoinducers may shift an equilibrium between TraR monomers and dimers or oligomers. When autoinducer specificities of other quorum-sensing proteins are tested, care should be taken not to overexpress those proteins.

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