Összefoglaló. A COVID–19 pandémia az információbiztonság területén
új kihívásokat jelentett. A távolról végzett munka különböző formái jelentős
mértékben növelték az online tér biztonsági kockázatát. Nőtt a hálózatok
nagysága, az adatforgalom, és azon felhasználók száma, akiknek nem volt érdemi
tapasztalatuk az online térben. A járvány ideje alatt a kibertérből érkező
támadások szektoronként és időszakonként eltérő intenzitásúak voltak, a
támadások típusa a phishingtől a malwareken keresztül az információs
zavarkeltésig széles spektrumban változott. Számos jelenségnek nemzetbiztonsági
vonatkozásai is voltak. Összefoglaló cikkünkben a fenti jelenségek nemzetközi és
hazai tapasztalatait összegezzük, különös figyelmet szentelve az egészségügyi
rendszernek, illetve a vakcinafejlesztés kibertérből érkező fenyegetéseinek.
Summary. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new challenges emerged in the
field of information security and cyber security. Home office, home schooling
and distance learning, or even telemedicine hit some organizations unprepared.
Security risks in online space have increased significantly: the number of
network endpoints and the number of computers, laptops and mobile devices have
increased with network data traffic as well as the number of users who had no
significant experience in online space. They appeared as a significant risk
factor. This has been exacerbated, especially in healthcare, by the extremely
high workload, which has made systems highly vulnerable. During the epidemic,
attacks from cyberspace varied in intensity from sector to sector and period to
period. Statistics from international and national organizations have shown that
from the end of the first quarter of 2020, the number of cyber security
incidents jumped sharply and then remained high even after a small decline. The
types of attacks had an extremely wide range: from phishing through malware to
misinformation, almost all types of attacks occurred. Many phenomena also had
national security implications. Ransomware virus attacks on health have affected
almost all health systems and reached high levels by the end of 2020 in
particular. It was during the first period that, in an emergency case, there is
thought to be an association between a ransomware virus attack and the death of
a patient who was not admitted because of the attack.
In addition to distance measures and the associated increase in cyber threats,
the emerging threats related to vaccination, which is central to the fight
against the epidemic, should also be highlighted. This period has shed light on
how many vulnerabilities there are, from vaccine development through drug trials
to delivery to vaccines and the organization of vaccines, that cybercriminals
are able to attack. In order to prevent and combat these threats and attacks,
and to respond appropriately, complex, multidisciplinary collaborations are
needed in which security science has a privileged place. In our review article,
we summarize the international and national experiences of the above phenomena,
paying special attention to the health care system and the threats coming from
cyberspace in vaccine development.
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