Management of invasive mesopredators in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia: effectiveness and implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Alyson M. Stobo-Wilson ◽  
Robert Brandle ◽  
Christopher N. Johnson ◽  
Menna E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

Abstract ContextSignificant resources have been devoted to the control of introduced mesopredators in Australia. However, the control or removal of one pest species, such as, for example, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), may inadvertently benefit other invasive species, namely feral cats (Felis catus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), potentially jeopardising native-species recovery. AimsTo (1) investigate the impact of a large-scale, long-term fox-baiting program on the abundance of foxes, feral cats and introduced and native prey species in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia, and (2) determine the effectiveness of a short time period of cat removal in immediately reducing feral cat abundance where foxes are absent. MethodsWe conducted an initial camera-trap survey in fox-baited and unbaited sites in the Flinders Ranges, to quantify the impact of fox baiting on the relative abundance of foxes, feral cats and their prey. We then conducted a secondary survey in sites where foxes were absent, following an intensive, but short, time period of cat removal, in which 40 cats were shot and killed. Key resultsNo foxes were detected within baited sites, but were frequently detected in unbaited sites. We found a corresponding and significant increase in several native prey species in fox-baited sites where foxes were absent. Feral cats and rabbits were also more frequently detected within baited sites, but fox baiting did not singularly predict the abundance of either species. Rather, feral cats were less abundant in open habitat where foxes were present (unbaited), and rabbits were more abundant within one predominantly open-habitat site, where foxes were absent (fox-baited). We found no effect of short-term cat removal in reducing the local abundance of feral cats. In both camera-trap surveys, feral cat detections were positively associated with rabbits. ConclusionsLong-term fox baiting was effective in fox removal and was associated with a greater abundance of native and introduced prey species in the Flinders Ranges. To continue to recover and conserve regional biodiversity, effective cat control is required. ImplicationsOur study showed fox removal has likely resulted in the local release of rabbits and an associated increase in cats. Because feral cat abundance seemingly fluctuated with rabbits, we suggest rabbit control may provide an alternative and more effective means to reduce local feral cat populations than short-term removal programs.

INFLUENCE OF FABABEAN FRACTIONS ON EGG WEIGHT AMONG LAYING HENS FED TEST DIETS FOR A SHORT TIME PERIOD

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. OLABORO ◽  
L. D. CAMPBELL ◽  
R. R. MARQUARDT
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Single Comb

A short-term bioassay test using Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) laying hens was developed to study various fractions of fababeans, to determine the location of the egg-weight-depressing factor (EWDF), and to determine the effect of heat treatment on EWDF activity. A second objective of the research was to develop an extraction method to facilitate studies on identification and mode of action of the factor(s). The 14-day period proved useful in confirming that EWDF activity was concentrated in the cotyledon portion of fababean seeds and associated with the protein rather than the starch component. Ethanol-water extraction was effective in concentrating the factor.

Evidence of significantly higher island feral cat abundance compared with the adjacent mainland

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Taggart ◽  
Bronwyn A. Fancourt ◽  
Andrew J. Bengsen ◽  
David E. Peacock ◽  
Patrick Hodgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Scale Models

Context Feral cats (Felis catus) impact the health and welfare of wildlife, livestock and humans worldwide. They are particularly damaging where they have been introduced into island countries such as Australia and New Zealand, where native prey species evolved without feline predators. Kangaroo Island, in South Australia, is Australia’s third largest island and supports several threatened and endemic species. Cat densities on Kangaroo Island are thought to be greater than those on the adjacent South Australian mainland, based on one cat density estimate on the island that is higher than most estimates from the mainland. The prevalence of cat-borne disease in cats and sheep is also higher on Kangaroo Island than the mainland, suggesting higher cat densities. A recent continental-scale spatial model of cat density predicted that cat density on Kangaroo Island should be about double that of the adjacent mainland. However, although cats are believed to have severe impacts on some native species on the island, other species that are generally considered vulnerable to cat predation have relatively secure populations on the island compared with the mainland. Aims The present study aimed to compare feral cat abundance between Kangaroo Island and the adjacent South Australian mainland using simultaneous standardised methods. Based on previous findings, we predicted that the relative abundance of feral cats on Kangaroo Island would be approximately double that on the South Australian mainland. Methods Standardised camera trap surveys were used to simultaneously estimate the relative abundance of feral cats on Kangaroo Island and the adjacent South Australian mainland. Survey data were analysed using the Royle–Nichols abundance-induced heterogeneity model to estimate feral cat relative abundance at each site. Key results Cat abundance on the island was estimated to be over 10 times greater than that on the adjacent mainland. Conclusions Consistent with predictions, cat abundance on the island was greater than on the adjacent mainland. However, the magnitude of this difference was much greater than expected. Implications The findings show that the actual densities of cats at local sites can vary substantially from predictions generated by continental-scale models. The study also demonstrates the value of estimating abundance or density simultaneously across sites using standardised methods.

The Response Characteristics of Various Impact Patterns on the Smart Bumper of Automotives

2009 ◽  
Vol 413-414 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Yong Hong ◽  
Gao Ping Wang ◽  
Yeon Gon Go ◽  
Dong Pyo Hong ◽  
Tae Jin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Pendulum System ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a pendulum system is constructed to perform the fundamental research which is concentrated on the various frequency patterns of impact-object simulation tests. We confirmed the application possibility for the method of discriminable pattern recognition whether impact-object is human-like or not via frequency analysis using smart sensors. Therefore a specific experimental data are compared and analyzed with the obtained database within a short time period. The impact analysis system, which is based on the above processing, can be developed and then used to recognize the impact information measured by smart sensors.

Effect of Body Flexibility on Impacts Studied on Rods and Beams

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Seifried
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Coefficient Of Restitution ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Structural Vibrations ◽  
Bending Vibrations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Contact Models ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

The effect of body flexibility on the impact process is studied through longitudinal impacts on rods and transverse impacts on beams. An experimental setup is presented using Laser-Doppler-Vibrometers in order to measure the displacement and velocity of the colliding bodies during impact. For the numerical investigation, modally-reduced models are used in combination with local Finite Element contact models. Performed on a microscale, these experimental and numerical investigations yield a good understanding of the effect of flexibility influencing the impact, and therefore, the coefficient of restitution. The investigations show that impacts of steel spheres on rods and beams yield strong structural vibrations. In the case of the rod impacts, the coefficient of restitution decreases monotonically with increasing initial velocity. In the case of the beams, the strong bending vibrations which are initiated, cause multiple successive impacts within a very short time period. This results in highly nonlinear behavior and uncertainty for the coefficient of restitution.

Impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on introduced predators in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Holden ◽  
G. Mutze
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
The Impact

The impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) on the population dynamics and diet of foxes and feral cats was studied in the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Populations of both foxes and cats decreased substantially some 6–10 months after the advent of RHD, when rabbit numbers were reduced by 85%. The diet of foxes changed as a result of reduced rabbit numbers, with much less rabbit and more invertebrates and carrion being eaten. The physical condition of foxes showed little change after RHD. The diet of cats did not change markedly, but their physical condition was substantially poorer than before RHD. Total predation on native fauna is considered to have decreased after RHD.

scholarly journals EU:s sammanhållningspolitik och regionala skillnader 2006–2016

Terra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Daniel Rauhut ◽  
Nuno Costa
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The effects of the EU Cohesion Policy are debated, and while some studies find positive effects, others point to negative effects. Many of the methodological approaches that have so far been used to measure the EU Cohesion Policy are simple benchmarking exercises, focusing on a few indicators covering a short time period. Other evaluations are fragmented, qualitative in nature, and narrow in scope. This paper aims at analysing the EU Cohesion Policy and its impact for the period 2006–2016. We construct a Territorial Cohesion Development Index with target posts in order to analyse the impact at a NUTS2 level. The findings indicate that bigger cities and highly urbanised regions in Central Europe benefited the most from the policy, while non-core and peripheral regions fell further behind.

scholarly journals Surfaces of forced vergence disparity

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Fixation Disparity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Stimulus Distance ◽  
Short Time

Purpose: To introduce the concept of surfaces offorced vergence disparity using measurementsof fixation disparity from three young, healthy individuals.Method: Fixation disparities were measured in three individuals in relation to variation in stimulus distance and vergence demand.  All measurementswere obtained by means of the Sheedy disparometerwhich can be used to measure not only fixation disparity but also associated phorias.  For each individual, consecutive measurements of fixation disparity only were determined over a short time period at four stimulus distances (0.25 m, 0.4 m, 1 m and 2 m) and under five different vergence demands as produced with the application of different amounts of prism (either base in or base out) and also without any prism.  Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods are used to understand short-term variation of fixation disparity and pseudo-3D and stereo-pairs represent thesurfaces of forced vergence disparity with which this paper is mainly concerned.Results:  Surfaces of forced vergence disparity are very useful to study variation of fixation disparity inrelation to change in stimulus distance and vergence demand.  They are effectively 3-dimensional equivalents of 2-dimensional Ogle curves of forcedvergence disparity.Conclusion: Surfaces of forced vergence disparity may be useful in many contexts - both in relation to normal or unusual binocular behaviour.  This paper introduces such surfaces in relation to three individuals who were considered as having satisfactory binocular and accommodative-vergence function.  The surfaces assist one in understanding complicated three-dimensional or trivariate data that involves fixation disparities, different stimulus locations and different accommodative-vergence demands upon the oculo-motor system.  (S Afr Optom 2013 72(1) 25-33) 

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON “AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE FREE CHOICE ACT: THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS.” BY ANN LAYNE-FARRAR

Just Labour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

“An Empirical Assessment of the Employee Free Choice Act: TheEconomic Implications” by Ann Layne-Farrar providesempirical evidenceconcerning the impact on the U.S. unemployment rateand employment-to-population ratio should the highly controversial Employee Free Choice Act(EFCA) become law. The paper has received widespread public attention and itsanalysis is being used in the debate surrounding the EFCA. This commentaryraises three important questions about the empirical analysis: Are the predictionspresented in the study, concerning the effects of the EFCA, realistic? Is theresearch design likely to identify the effects of the EFCA? Why do the data usedin the analysis cover such a short time period? Thediscussion suggests theempirical results presented in Layne-Farrar (2009)should be viewed withconsiderable skepticism.

The Net-Widening Effect of AID Panels and Screening Panels in the South Australian Juvenile Justice System

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Wundersitz
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Net Widening

Motivated by growing doubts about the juvenile court's ability to deal effectively with young offenders, countries such as the United States and Australia have established informal treatment programs ostensibly designed to divert youths from formal court prosecution. Such programs, however, have been criticised on the grounds that, rather than fulfilling a diversionary function, they have widened the net of social control. By focusing on the two-tiered Panel system currently in operation in South Australia, this article presents inferential evidence that net-widening did occur after the introduction firstly, of Aid Panels in 1972 and secondly, of Screening Panels in 1979. However, in both instances, this net-widening was restricted to a relatively short time period, after which the numbers of youths selected for processing by the juvenile justice system stabilised.

Prey selectivity by feral cats at central Australian rock-wallaby colonies

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Read ◽  
E. Dagg ◽  
K. E. Moseby
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Recovery Programs ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
Sustainable Recovery

Threatened warru, or black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race), populations in northern South Australia continued to decline despite baiting for foxes (Vulpes vulpes), which improved their short-term conservation status elsewhere. To investigate whether feral cats (Felis catus) also represent a risk to warru we compared frequencies of prey occurrence in 103 feral cat and 14 fox stomachs shot near warru colonies in northern South Australia during 2001–17 with measures of prey abundance from pitfall trapping and opportunistic searches. We hypothesise that one fresh adult warru kill and the presence of warru remains in four other cats suggests predation by cats on adult and juvenile warru. Small reptiles and invertebrates were the most frequently recorded prey of cats in summer, whereas rodents and small dasyurids were the most frequent prey items in winter. Small mammals, small snakes and pygopodid lizards were over-represented in the diet of cats compared with estimated encounter frequencies, whereas fast-running dragons, knob-tailed geckoes (Nephrurus) and echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) were not recorded from cat stomachs despite being relatively abundant. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), rodents and fruits were the most frequently recorded items in fox stomachs. This study reinforces that targeted management of feral cat populations should be considered in concert with control of canids in sustainable recovery programs for warru and other cat-vulnerable species.

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