Sex Differences in Seasonal Changes of Brown Adipose Tissue and Activity of the Australian Vespertilionid Bat Eptesicus vulturnus

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Tidemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

Information on seasonal changes in activity, body weight and brown adipose tissue weight was collected from a wild population of a small Australian vespertilionid, Eptesicus vulturnus. Both sexes, but especially females, became less active during the colder months of the year. Males maintained body weight and brown adipose tissue weight during winter, as do non-hibernating mammals. Females lost brown adipose tissue and body weight during winter, as do hibernators. The relationship between the sex differences in overwintering behaviour and the reproductive cycle is discussed.

Chronic cold exposure has no effect on brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs born to well-fed ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Gate ◽  
L. Clarke ◽  
M. A. Lomax ◽  
M. E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

It has been previously shown in twin-bearing ewes fed only 60% of their metabolizable energy requirements for late pregnancy that chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing of the ewes results in larger lambs with more brown adipose tissue. This effect appears to be primarily due to prevention of a decline in fetal body and tissue weights between 145 days’ gestation and 2 h after birth (i.e. 147 days’ gestation) in lambs born to underfed shorn ewes. The present study therefore examined the impact, in ewes that were well fed (i.e. received 100% of their metabolizable energy requirements) during the final month of gestation, of chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing on lamb birthweight and perirenal adipose tissue composition as measured 2 h after birth. Perirenal adipose tissue was analysed for its thermogenic activity (i.e. GDP binding to mitochondria) and catecholamine content. These observations were combined with similar measurements made in near-term (i.e. 145 days’ gestation) fetuses sampled from well-fed unshorn ewes. There was no difference between lambs born to shorn or unshorn ewes with respect to birth-weight or perirenal adipose tissue weight and composition. Perirenal adipose tissue weight was higher in lambs born to unshorn ewes than in fetuses. The thermogenic activity of adipose tissue was 2-fold higher in lambs born to unshorn ewes compared with 145-day-old fetuses. Epinephrine was detectable only at very low levels in fetal perirenal adipose tissue, increasing 10-fold after birth, with no difference between lambs born to shorn or unshorn ewes. In newborn lambs, plasma growth hormone concentration was lower and insulin concentration higher in shorn compared with unshorn groups. In conclusion, chronic cold exposure induced by winter shearing had no effect on brown adipose tissue development in lambs born to well-fed ewes.

Seasonal obesity in Syrian hamsters: effects of age, diet, photoperiod, and melatonin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R328-R334 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Wade ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue Weight ◽  
Brown Adipose

Two experiments examined the effects of photoperiod, melatonin, and diet on body weight in female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). In experiment 1, daily injections of 25 micrograms melatonin increased body weight when given 3 h before lights-out but not when given at the midpoint of the light phase, in a 16-h light-8-h dark cycle (LD 16:8). Ten micrograms of melatonin, given 3 h before lights-out, were sufficient to increase body weight and fat content, to increase interscapular brown adipose tissue weight, to decrease uterine weight, and to interrupt estrous cyclicity. However, 2.5 micrograms of melatonin increased body weight and fat content without affecting brown adipose tissue weight or reproductive function. In experiment 2, melatonin treatment, exposure to a short photoperiod (LD 8:16), and feeding a high-fat diet increased body weight gain in weanling (25-day-old) female hamsters. When melatonin treatment or high-fat diet were withdrawn, hamsters reduced their food intake, and their body weight and fat content returned to control levels. After 15-17 wk in the short photoperiod, hamsters also began to undereat, and their body weight and fat content returned to control levels. These findings suggest several conclusions. 1) As with the changes in reproductive function, melatonin is effective at increasing body weight only when given at certain times of day. 2) Not all end points are equally responsive to melatonin, suggesting that they are independent of one another. 3) Weanling hamsters respond to photoperiod, melatonin, and diet just as adults do. 4) The striking obesities induced by these manipulations are completely reversible.

Brown adipose tissue activation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (6) ◽  
pp. E731-E736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Wang ◽  
Xiangzhi Meng ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Dongliang Fang ◽  
Xuemeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Brown Adipose

Loss of body weight and fat mass is one of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Weight loss is due primarily to reduced energy intake and increased energy expenditure. Whereas inadequate energy intake in PD patients is caused mainly by appetite loss and impaired gastrointestinal absorption, the underlying mechanisms for increased energy expenditure remain largely unknown. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a key thermogenic tissue in humans and other mammals, plays an important role in thermoregulation and energy metabolism; however, it has not been tested whether BAT is involved in the negative energy balance in PD. Here, using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD, we found that the activity of sympathetic nerve (SN), the expression of Ucp1 in BAT, and thermogenesis were increased in PD rats. BAT sympathetic denervation blocked sympathetic activity and decreased UCP1 expression in BAT and attenuated the loss of body weight in PD rats. Interestingly, sympathetic denervation of BAT was associated with decreased sympathetic tone and lipolysis in retroperitoneal and epididymal white adipose tissue. Our data suggeste that BAT-mediated thermogenesis may contribute to weight loss in PD.

Recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 expressing bioactive human FGF21 reduced body weight of Db/Db mice through the activity of brown adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-Y. Cao ◽  
M. Dong ◽  
Z.-Y. Hu ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
Y.-C. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Human Fgf21

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolism regulator, has an important effect on metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. It is also expressed in mice, and the murine source has high homology with human FGF21. Recently, it has been extensively studied and has become a potential drug target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. As it is a protein-based hormone, FGF21 cannot be easily and quickly absorbed into the blood through oral administration. Moreover, it has a 0-2 h half-life in vivo, as shown in a previous study, thus its efficacy lasts for a short period of time when used to treat metabolic diseases, limiting its clinical applications. To avoid these limitations, we used Lactococcus lactis, a food-grade bacterium, as the host to express FGF21. It could be used successfully for the expression and long-term effect of FGF21 in vivo. Instead of antibiotic resistance genes, the LacF gene was used as a selection marker in the NZ3900/PNZ8149 expression system, which is safe and could reduce the antibiotic resistance crisis. In this study, we a constructed human FGF21 expressing L. lactis strain and administered it to Db/Db mice by gavage. Compared with the control group, the body weight of mice in the experimental group was significantly reduced, and the overall homeostasis was improved in mice treated with human FGF21. Moreover, the activity of brown adipose tissue was enhanced. These results revealed that oral administration of FGF21 through heterologous expression in L. lactis appears to be an effective approach for its clinical application.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Neoplastic Status: an 18F-FDG PET/CT Study in the Tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Cheng Huang ◽  
Tai-Been Chen ◽  
Chien-Chin Hsu ◽  
Shau-Hsuan Li ◽  
Pei-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

Results of the study on principles of brown adipose tissue deposits and characteristics of its fatty acids in pasture sheep lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ch Khorolmaa ◽  
Sh Demberel ◽  
B Battsetseg ◽  
G Gereltsetseg ◽  
S Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Body

Brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs accounts for 4.52% of total body weight, then during postpartum period it intensively decreases, reaching 1.5% after a week, and finally it is gradually adsorbed or replaced with white adipose tissue. Fatty acids composition of lamb brown adipose tissue includes 17 unsaturated fatty acids (53.23%) and 11 saturated ones (46.95%).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 38-42

Relationship of brown adipose tissue with growth and obesity differences in genetically selected mouse lines

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Saxton ◽  
E. J. Eisen ◽  
J. M. Leatherwood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

A recent hypothesis considers brown adipose tissue (BAT) to be an important source of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). In turn, DIT and thermogenesis in general are believed to be key factors in the control of obesity of laboratory rodents. This hypothesis was developed from the study of single gene mutant obese rodents. The present research tested this hypothesis in mice with polygenic control of growth and obesity, which is more characteristic of the type of genetic variation expected in human and other mammalian populations. Control and high fat diets were used to test responses of five genetically selected lines of mice showing different patterns of growth and obesity. All lines deposited more fat on the high fat diet, but the most obese line showed the largest increase in BAT and the lipid-free dry (LFD) component of BAT. Use of LFD per unit body weight gave results which supported the hypothesis being tested, but it was argued that this measure is misleading. When brown and white adipose tissue growth relative to body weight were examined, 2 of the 10 line – diet groups showed alterations in BAT growth patterns. However, it was concluded that BAT, if involved at all, was not a major factor in growth and obesity differences.Key words: obesity, polygenes, adipose tissue, quantitative inheritance, mouse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document