scholarly journals Direct coupling of haptic signals between hands

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Dupin ◽  
Vincent Hayward ◽  
Mark Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Direct Coupling ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Stationary Object ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Temporal Offset

Although motor actions can profoundly affect the perceptual interpretation of sensory inputs, it is not known whether the combination of sensory and movement signals occurs only for sensory surfaces undergoing movement or whether it is a more general phenomenon. In the haptic modality, the independent movement of multiple sensory surfaces poses a challenge to the nervous system when combining the tactile and kinesthetic signals into a coherent percept. When exploring a stationary object, the tactile and kinesthetic signals come from the same hand. Here we probe the internal structure of haptic combination by directing the two signal streams to separate hands: one hand moves but receives no tactile stimulation, while the other hand feels the consequences of the first hand’s movement but remains still. We find that both discrete and continuous tactile and kinesthetic signals are combined as if they came from the same hand. This combination proceeds by direct coupling or transfer of the kinesthetic signal from the moving to the feeling hand, rather than assuming the displacement of a mediating object. The combination of signals is due to perception rather than inference, because a small temporal offset between the signals significantly degrades performance. These results suggest that the brain simplifies the complex coordinate transformation task of remapping sensory inputs to take into account the movements of multiple body parts in haptic perception, and they show that the effects of action are not limited to moving sensors.

scholarly journals Forward modelling the rubber hand: illusion of ownership modifies motor-sensory predictions by the brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 160407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Aymerich-Franch ◽  
Damien Petit ◽  
Abderrahmane Kheddar ◽  
Gowrishankar Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Forward Model ◽  
Rubber Hand Illusion ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Sensory Predictions ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Real Hand

The question of how we attribute observed body parts as our own, and the consequences of this attribution on our sensory-motor processes, is fundamental to understand how our brain distinguishes between self and other. Previous studies have identified interactions between the illusion of ownership, and multi-sensory integration and cross-sensory predictions by the brain. Here we show that illusory ownership additionally modifies the motor-sensory predictions by the brain. In our preliminary experiments, we observed a new numbness illusion following the classical rubber-hand illusion (RHI); brushing only the rubber hand after induction of the RHI results in illusory numbness in one's real hand. Previous studies have shown that self-generated actions (like tickling) are attenuated by motor-sensory predictions by the so-called forward model . Motivated by this finding, here we examined whether the numbness illusion after the RHI is different when the rubber hand is brushed oneself, compared with when the brushing is performed by another. We observed that, all other conditions remaining the same, haptic perception in the real hand was lower (numbness higher) during self-generated brushing. Our result suggests that RHI reorganizes the forward model, such that we predict haptic consequences of self-generated motor actions on the rubber hand.

scholarly journals Wrist and finger motor representations embedded in the cerebral and cerebellar resting-state activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kusano ◽  
Hiroki Kurashige ◽  
Isao Nambu ◽  
Yoshiya Moriguchi ◽  
Takashi Hanakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Finger Movements ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Brain Activity Pattern ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSeveral functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that resting-state brain activity consists of multiple components, each corresponding to the spatial pattern of brain activity induced by performing a task. Especially in a movement task, such components have been shown to correspond to the brain activity pattern of the relevant anatomical region, meaning that the voxels of pattern that are cooperatively activated while using a body part (e.g., foot, hand, and tongue) also behave cooperatively in the resting state. However, it is unclear whether the components involved in resting-state brain activity correspond to those induced by the movement of discrete body parts. To address this issue, in the present study, we focused on wrist and finger movements in the hand, and a cross-decoding technique trained to discriminate between the multi-voxel patterns induced by wrist and finger movement was applied to the resting-state fMRI. We found that the multi-voxel pattern in resting-state brain activity corresponds to either wrist or finger movements in the motor-related areas of each hemisphere of the cerebrum and cerebellum. These results suggest that resting-state brain activity in the motor-related areas consists of the components corresponding to the elementary movements of individual body parts. Therefore, the resting-state brain activity possibly has a finer structure than considered previously.

scholarly journals Perceptual decisions are biased toward relevant prior choices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Feigin ◽  
Shira Baror ◽  
Moshe Bar ◽  
Adam Zaidel
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Feature ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
The Brain

AbstractPerceptual decisions are biased by recent perceptual history—a phenomenon termed 'serial dependence.' Here, we investigated what aspects of perceptual decisions lead to serial dependence, and disambiguated the influences of low-level sensory information, prior choices and motor actions. Participants discriminated whether a brief visual stimulus lay to left/right of the screen center. Following a series of biased ‘prior’ location discriminations, subsequent ‘test’ location discriminations were biased toward the prior choices, even when these were reported via different motor actions (using different keys), and when the prior and test stimuli differed in color. By contrast, prior discriminations about an irrelevant stimulus feature (color) did not substantially influence subsequent location discriminations, even though these were reported via the same motor actions. Additionally, when color (not location) was discriminated, a bias in prior stimulus locations no longer influenced subsequent location discriminations. Although low-level stimuli and motor actions did not trigger serial-dependence on their own, similarity of these features across discriminations boosted the effect. These findings suggest that relevance across perceptual decisions is a key factor for serial dependence. Accordingly, serial dependence likely reflects a high-level mechanism by which the brain predicts and interprets new incoming sensory information in accordance with relevant prior choices.

scholarly journals Expanding the domain of the understandable in psychiatric illness: an updating of the Jasperian framework of explanation and understanding

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Empathic Understanding ◽  
Motor Control System ◽  
The Brain

Jaspers famously argued that psychiatry has two distinct ways of knowing about psychiatric illness: explanation – which utilizes natural sciences, and objective and empirical methods; and understanding – which reflects our subjective, empathic appreciation of our patients' experiences. He saw a clear division between these two approaches and considered a number of psychotic symptoms to be fundamentally un-understandable. We here argue for an updating of Jasper's view that includes the possibility, due to advances in neuroscience and neuropsychology, for explanation-aided understanding. We describe two scientific explanatory models for kinds of psychotic symptoms deemed un-understandable by Jaspers that illustrate this process. The first describes how dysfunction of the brain dopamine salience system may produce ideas of reference. The second demonstrates that symptoms of made-actions may be caused by abnormalities in the feed-forward motor control system. Both of these models begin at a biological level describing pathological brain processes in neuroscience language but then utilize neuropsychology to ‘translate’ from brain dysfunction into the mental. Both models break down the pathological pathways into individual subjective elements (particularly misattributing meaning to environmental stimuli and having body parts moved by others) that are understandable because they are common to nearly all of us. The neuropsychology provides hypotheses about the functional and physiological structures underlying familiar subjective experiences. Analyses of disorders of those structures thus provide a scaffold for expanding our empathic understanding of the subjective experiences of those suffering from psychiatric illness.

scholarly journals SHIP-MR and Radiology: 12 Years of Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Single Center

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Norbert Hosten ◽  
Robin Bülow ◽  
Henry Völzke ◽  
Martin Domin ◽  
Carsten Oliver Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
Northeastern Germany ◽  
The Brain

The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), a population-based study from a rural state in northeastern Germany with a relatively poor life expectancy, supplemented its comprehensive examination program in 2008 with whole-body MR imaging at 1.5 T (SHIP-MR). We reviewed more than 100 publications that used the SHIP-MR data and analyzed which sequences already produced fruitful scientific outputs and which manuscripts have been referenced frequently. Upon reviewing the publications about imaging sequences, those that used T1-weighted structured imaging of the brain and a gradient-echo sequence for R2* mapping obtained the highest scientific output; regarding specific body parts examined, most scientific publications focused on MR sequences involving the brain and the (upper) abdomen. We conclude that population-based MR imaging in cohort studies should define more precise goals when allocating imaging time. In addition, quality control measures might include recording the number and impact of published work, preferably on a bi-annual basis and starting 2 years after initiation of the study. Structured teaching courses may enhance the desired output in areas that appear underrepresented.

scholarly journals An internal model approach for motor behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-371
Author(s):  
Cláudio M. F. Leite ◽  
Carlos E. Campos ◽  
Crislaine R. Couto ◽  
Herbert Ugrinowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
External World ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Model Approach

Interacting with the environment requires a remarkable ability to control, learn, and adapt motor skills to ever-changing conditions. The intriguing complexity involved in the process of controlling, learning, and adapting motor skills has led to the development of many theoretical approaches to explain and investigate motor behavior. This paper will present a theoretical approach built upon the top-down mode of motor control that shows substantial internal coherence and has a large and growing body of empirical evidence: The Internal Models. The Internal Models are representations of the external world within the CNS, which learn to predict this external world, simulate behaviors based on sensory inputs, and transform these predictions into motor actions. We present the Internal Models’ background based on two main structures, Inverse and Forward models, explain how they work, and present some applicability.

scholarly journals Cortical state transitions and stimulus response evolve along stiff and sloppy parameter dimensions, respectively

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ponce-Alvarez ◽  
Gabriela Mochol ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha ◽  
Gustavo Deco
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Spontaneous Neuronal Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neural Population Activity

Previous research showed that spontaneous neuronal activity presents sloppiness: the collective behavior is strongly determined by a small number of parameter combinations, defined as ‘stiff’ dimensions, while it is insensitive to many others (‘sloppy’ dimensions). Here, we analyzed neural population activity from the auditory cortex of anesthetized rats while the brain spontaneously transited through different synchronized and desynchronized states and intermittently received sensory inputs. We showed that cortical state transitions were determined by changes in stiff parameters associated with the activity of a core of neurons with low responses to stimuli and high centrality within the observed network. In contrast, stimulus-evoked responses evolved along sloppy dimensions associated with the activity of neurons with low centrality and displaying large ongoing and stimulus-evoked fluctuations without affecting the integrity of the network. Our results shed light on the interplay among stability, flexibility, and responsiveness of neuronal collective dynamics during intrinsic and induced activity.

scholarly journals Cortical state transitions and stimulus response evolve along stiff and sloppy parameter dimensions, respectively

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Ponce-Alvarez ◽  
Gabriela Mochol ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha ◽  
Gustavo Deco
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Neural Population ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Spontaneous Neuronal Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Neural Population Activity

SummaryPrevious research showed that spontaneous neuronal activity presents sloppiness: the collective behavior is strongly determined by a small number of parameter combinations, defined as “stiff” dimensions, while it is insensitive to many others (“sloppy” dimensions). Here, we analyzed neural population activity from the auditory cortex of anesthetized rats while the brain spontaneously transited through different synchronized and desynchronized states and intermittently received sensory inputs. We showed that cortical state transitions were determined by changes in stiff parameters associated with the activity of a core of neurons with low responses to stimuli and high centrality within the observed network. In contrast, stimulus-evoked responses evolved along sloppy dimensions associated with the activity of neurons with low centrality and displaying large ongoing and stimulus-evoked fluctuations without affecting the integrity of the network. Our results shed light on the interplay among stability, flexibility, and responsiveness of neuronal collective dynamics during intrinsic and induced activity.

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus Accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domênika Rubert Rossato ◽  
Higor Zuchetto Rosa ◽  
Jéssica Leandra Oliveira Rosa ◽  
Laura Hautrive Milanesi ◽  
Vinícia Garzella Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Delta Fosb ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Drug Abstinence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Abstinence Period

Abstract Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant drug frequently related to addiction, which is characterized by functional and molecular changes in the brain reward system, favoring relapse development and pharmacotherapies have shown low effectiveness. Considering the beneficial influences of tactile stimulation (TS) in different diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), here we evaluated if TS applied in adult rats could prevent or minimize the AMPH-relapse behavior also accessing molecular neuroadaptations in the Nucleus accumbens (NAc). Following AMPH conditioning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, male rats were submitted to TS (15-min session, 3 times a day, for 8 days) during the drug abstinence period, which were re-exposed to the drug in the CPP paradigm for additional 3 days for relapse observation and molecular assessment. Our findings showed that besides AMPH relapse; TS prevented the dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), mu opioid receptor (MOR) increase and AMPH-induced delta FosB (ΔFosB). Based on these outcomes, we propose TS as a useful tool to treat psychostimulant addiction, which subsequent to clinical studies; it could be included in detoxification programs together with pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments already conventionally established.

Kirlian Experimental Analysis and IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Rohit Rastogi ◽  
Mamta Saxena ◽  
Devendra K. Chaturvedi ◽  
Mayank Gupta ◽  
Akshit Rajan Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Charged Ions ◽  
The Brain

Our entire body, including the brain and nervous system, works with the help of various kinds of biological stuff which includes positively charged ions of elements like sodium, potassium, and calcium. The different body parts have different energy levels, and by measuring the energy level, we can also measure the fitness of an individual. Moreover, this energy and fitness are directly related to mental health and the signals being transmitted between the brain and other parts of the body. Various activities like walking, talking, eating, and thinking are performed with the help of these transmission signals. Another critical role played by them is that it helps in examining the mechanisms of cells present at various places in the human body and signaling the nervous system and brain if they are properly functioning or not. This manuscript is divided into two parts where, in the first part, it provides the introduction, background, and extensive literature survey on Kirlian experiments to measure the human's organ energy.

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