scholarly journals In vivo polymerization and manufacturing of wires and supercapacitors in plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Stavrinidou ◽  
Roger Gabrielsson ◽  
K. Peter R. Nilsson ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Juan Felipe Franco-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
New Device ◽  
Circuit Fabrication ◽  
Natural Architecture ◽  
Plant Control

Electronic plants, e-Plants, are an organic bioelectronic platform that allows electronic interfacing with plants. Recently we have demonstrated plants with augmented electronic functionality. Using the vascular system and organs of a plant, we manufactured organic electronic devices and circuits in vivo, leveraging the internal structure and physiology of the plant as the template, and an integral part of the devices. However, this electronic functionality was only achieved in localized regions, whereas new electronic materials that could be distributed to every part of the plant would provide versatility in device and circuit fabrication and create possibilities for new device concepts. Here we report the synthesis of such a conjugated oligomer that can be distributed and form longer oligomers and polymer in every part of the xylem vascular tissue of a Rosa floribunda cutting, forming long-range conducting wires. The plant’s structure acts as a physical template, whereas the plant’s biochemical response mechanism acts as the catalyst for polymerization. In addition, the oligomer can cross through the veins and enter the apoplastic space in the leaves. Finally, using the plant’s natural architecture we manufacture supercapacitors along the stem. Our results are preludes to autonomous energy systems integrated within plants and distribute interconnected sensor–actuator systems for plant control and optimization.

Substituted triphenylamines as building blocks for star shaped organic electronic materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1840-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lumpi ◽  
Brigitte Holzer ◽  
Johannes Bintinger ◽  
Ernst Horkel ◽  
Simon Waid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic ◽  
Organic Electronic Materials

A series of star shaped organic semiconductors was synthesized and characterized. The applicability of these materials in organic electronic devices was demonstrated.

Silicon Analogues of Polyfluorene as Materials for Organic Electronics

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace W. H. Wong ◽  
Joel F. Hooper ◽  
Andrew B. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Electronic Materials ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Improved Performance

Poly(dibenzosilole)s have been increasingly reported as an alternative to polyfluorene in organic electronic materials. Poly(dibenzosilole)s show similar optical properties to polyfluorene, but with improved resistance to oxidation and thermal stability. Several poly(dibenzosilole)s and their co-polymers have been incorporated into organic electronic devices, such as light emitting diodes and solar cells. These materials have shown improved performance over their polyfluorene-based counterparts.

Failure Analysis and Defect Inspection of Electronic Devices by High-Resolution Cathodoluminescence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Monachon ◽  
M.S. Zielinski ◽  
D. Gachet ◽  
S. Sonderegger ◽  
S. Muckenhirn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Quantitative cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy is a new optical spectroscopy technique that measures electron beam-induced optical emission over large field of view with a spatial resolution close to that of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Correlation of surface morphology (SE contrast) with spectrally resolved and highly material composition sensitive CL emission opens a new pathway in non-destructive failure and defect analysis at the nanometer scale. Here we present application of a modern CL microscope in defect and homogeneity metrology, as well as failure analysis in semiconducting electronic materials

Surface Modification by Nanobiomaterials for Vascular Tissue Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huey-Shan Hung ◽  
Shan-hui Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Vascular Biomaterials

Treatment of cardiovascular disease has achieved great success using artificial implants, particularly synthetic-polymer made grafts. However, thrombus formation and restenosis are the current clinical problems need to be conquered. New biomaterials, modifying the surface of synthetic vascular grafts, have been created to improve long-term patency for the better hemocompatibility. The vascular biomaterials can be fabricated from synthetic or natural polymers for vascular tissue engineering. Stem cells can be seeded by different techniques into tissue-engineered vascular grafts in vitro and implanted in vivo to repair the vascular tissues. To overcome the thrombogenesis and promote the endothelialization effect, vascular biomaterials employing nanotopography are more bio-mimic to the native tissue made and have been engineered by various approaches such as prepared as a simple surface coating on the vascular biomaterials. It has now become an important and interesting field to find novel approaches to better endothelization of vascular biomaterials. In this article, we focus to review the techniques with better potential improving endothelization and summarize for vascular biomaterial application. This review article will enable the development of biomaterials with a high degree of originality, innovative research on novel techniques for surface fabrication for vascular biomaterials application.

scholarly journals Effective decellularisation of human saphenous veins for biocompatible arterial tissue engineering applications: Bench optimisation and feasibility in vivo testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204173142098752
Author(s):  
Nadiah S Sulaiman ◽  
Andrew R Bond ◽  
Vito D Bruno ◽  
John Joseph ◽  
Jason L Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Replacement Model ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Vascular Scaffolds

Human saphenous vein (hSV) and synthetic grafts are commonly used conduits in vascular grafting, despite high failure rates. Decellularising hSVs (D-hSVs) to produce vascular scaffolds might be an effective alternative. We assessed the effectiveness of a detergent-based method using 0% to 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to decellularise hSV. Decellularisation effectiveness was measured in vitro by nuclear counting, DNA content, residual cell viability, extracellular matrix integrity and mechanical strength. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human and porcine cells. The most effective SDS concentration was used to prepare D-hSV grafts that underwent preliminary in vivo testing using a porcine carotid artery replacement model. Effective decellularisation was achieved with 0.01% SDS, and D-hSVs were biocompatible after seeding. In vivo xeno-transplantation confirmed excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility with recruitment of host cells without mechanical failure, and a 50% patency rate at 4-weeks. We have developed a simple biocompatible methodology to effectively decellularise hSVs. This could enhance vascular tissue engineering toward future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Oxidized LDLs as Signaling Molecules

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Zingg ◽  
Adelina Vlad ◽  
Roberta Ricciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Scavenger Receptors ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Reactive Radicals ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are usually low in vivo but can increase whenever the balance between formation and scavenging of free radicals is impaired. Under normal conditions, uptake and degradation represent the physiological cellular response to oxLDL exposure. The uptake of oxLDLs is mediated by cell surface scavenger receptors that may also act as signaling molecules. Under conditions of atherosclerosis, monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells highly exposed to oxLDLs tend to convert to foam cells due to the intracellular accumulation of lipids. Moreover, the atherogenic process is accelerated by the increased expression of the scavenger receptors CD36, SR-BI, LOX-1, and SRA in response to high levels of oxLDL and oxidized lipids. In some respects, the effects of oxLDLs, involving cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, adhesion, migration, senescence, and gene expression, can be seen as an adaptive response to the rise of free radicals in the vascular system. Unlike highly reactive radicals, circulating oxLDLs may signal to cells at more distant sites and possibly trigger a systemic antioxidant defense, thus elevating the role of oxLDLs to that of signaling molecules with physiological relevance.

scholarly journals Assessment of Electrospun Pellethane-Based Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Vera Chernonosova ◽  
Alexandr Gostev ◽  
Ivan Murashov ◽  
Boris Chelobanov ◽  
Andrey Karpenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Graft Occlusion ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

We examined the physicochemical properties and the biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of electrospun 3D matrices produced using polyurethane Pellethane 2363-80A (Pel-80A) blends Pel-80A with gelatin or/and bivalirudin. Two layers of vascular grafts of 1.8 mm in diameter were manufactured and studied for hemocompatibility ex vivo and functioning in the infrarenal position of Wistar rat abdominal aorta in vivo (n = 18). Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular grafts of similar diameter were implanted as a control (n = 18). Scaffolds produced from Pel-80A with Gel showed high stiffness with a long proportional limit and limited influence of wetting on mechanical characteristics. The electrospun matrices with gelatin have moderate capacity to support cell adhesion and proliferation (~30–47%), whereas vascular grafts with bivalirudin in the inner layer have good hemocompatibility ex vivo. The introduction of bivalirudin into grafts inhibited platelet adhesion and does not lead to a change hemolysis and D-dimers concentration. Study in vivo indicates the advantages of Pel-80A grafts over ePTFE in terms of graft occlusion, calcification level, and blood velocity after 6 months of implantation. The thickness of neointima in Pel-80A–based grafts stabilizes after three months (41.84 ± 20.21 µm) and does not increase until six months, demonstrating potential for long-term functioning without stenosis and as a suitable candidate for subsequent preclinical studies in large animals.

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