Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates

Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population.

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Effect of Structural Funds on Housing Market Sustainability Development—Correlation, Regression and Wavelet Coherence Analysis

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks9100182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 182

Author(s):

Łukasz Mach ◽

Karina Bedrunka ◽

Anna Kuczuk ◽

Marzena Szewczuk-Stępień

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Research Process ◽

Global Scale ◽

Real Estate Market ◽

Wavelet Coherence ◽

Time Variability ◽

Coherence Analysis ◽

Structural Funds ◽

The Impact ◽

Wavelet Coherence Analysis

Effective acquisition of funds, including European Union (EU) funds, designated for example, creating economic and social processes, may have a real impact on the elimination of the negative outcomes of the current position of the EU on the global scale. The aim of the research is to indicate the impact of spending funds from the Regional Operational Program of the Opolskie Voivodeship 2014–2020 (ROP OV) on a key macroeconomic area of the economy, i.e., the housing development sector in the region. The practical aim is to formulate recommendations and solutions that can offer guidelines for more effective spending of EU funds and their effect on the macroeconomic dimensions of the economy. The article proposes an innovative approach to linking EU payments in the region with the real estate market. The results of the research and the analyses made on this basis showed a positive impact of the payments made from the ROP OV on selected macroeconomic indicators, i.e., the number of permits issued for the construction of new apartments and the number of currently implemented housing investments. The obtained results should be used in the decision-making process at the level of regional and national authorities responsible for the payment of EU funds. In this article, prior to the research process, a literature review was made. It covered various aspects of the evolution and development of research in the area of regional development. The research process was based on innovative methods of time variability analysis, correlation between the investigated determinants and coherence analysis for the studied dimensions. Data on payments from the ROP OV concern the years 2015–2020.

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Harmonization of Natural and Urban Structures in The Danube Region

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1203 (3) ◽

pp. 032015

Author(s):

Ľubica Vitková ◽

Olena Lemak

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Environmental Crisis ◽

Urban Structure ◽

Aesthetic Quality ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Surrounding Landscape ◽

The Impact

Abstract The deteriorating state of the environment over the last half century has resulted in the current climate and environmental crisis, which is conditioned by the unbearable exploitation of the natural environment. One of the activities that plays a key role in this situation is urbanization with a constant occupation of the landscape, increasing emissions from traffic and buildings. A well-thought-out and consistent strategy for the harmonization of natural and urban structures can mitigate the negative climate impacts in the residential environment. The harmony of natural and artificial elements has a positive impact not only on the environmental but also the aesthetic quality of the urban environment. It can significantly help to strengthen the character of the cities. It was the landscape that significantly influenced their location and characteristic image. The research focuses on the evaluation of the quality of the urban environment with emphasis on the interaction of urban and landscape structures. The presented research is aimed to the connection of the city with the river and the surrounding landscape. It analyses and evaluates the impact of characteristic natural elements on the formation of urban structures during their development to the present day. It traces significant "traces" of the landscape in the urban structure of selected cities and their evolution. The research is focused to significant Slovak settlement on the Danube.

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Comparative Analysis of the Application of Behavioural Insights of 33 Worldwide Governments on the Landing Pages of their COVID-19 Official Websites and their Impact on the Growth Scale of the Pandemic

10.1101/2020.05.15.20103424 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paola Cecchi-Dimeglio ◽

Raphaela Kitson-Pantano ◽

David Luu ◽

Yann Cabon

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Role Models ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Global Scale ◽

World Population ◽

Population Movements ◽

Virus Growth ◽

Social Interventions ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 crisis has seen over a third of the world population locked down and this article has sought to understand human behaviour in response to a historical and unprecedented global pandemic. Through the analysis 18 behavioural mechanisms present on the landing pages of the websites of 33 institutional governments from March 1st til May 1st 2020 compared to the WHO data on the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million for each country, the authors show that a behavioural consensus was observed across all 33 countries and that Individual and Social nudges had no impact. Whilst the decisions in essentially every country on Earth, were taken with the same aim: to limit population movements and social life, two aggravating factors of the spread of the virus, only the environmental nudges effectively helped slow the virus growth scale. The authors explain the rationale behind these results and suggest that people seek information beyond governmental websites that they generally mistrust. They further suggest using Scientists as role models to encourage governmental website's traffic and designing recursive nudges to increase the impact of individual and social interventions. Together with the new phases of the spread of the virus will come new rules and guidance. Public health policies need to address behavioural change of the population on a global scale in a more targeted manner and it is hoped that this paper will provide some insight on how to do so.

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Demographic Transition in The Cis Countries: Trends and Preliminary Results

10.19181/demis.2021.1.3.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Vadim Bezverbny ◽

Lidia Bardakova

Keyword(s):

Demographic Transition ◽

System Analysis ◽

Global Scale ◽

World Population ◽

Demographic Development ◽

Demographic Processes ◽

Independent States ◽

Systematic Understanding ◽

Cis Countries ◽

The Impact

The presented work is devoted to the consideration of trends and effects of demographic transition in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter-the CIS). The main purpose of the study is to consider the impact of the demographic transition on the population dynamics both in the post-Soviet countries and on a global scale. For a more systematic understanding of the depth of demographic changes at the present stage of society’s development, historical trends in population development and key provisions of the theory of demographic transition were considered. The trends of demographic developmentof the CIS countries in the period 1992–2020 were analyzed, including the dynamics of the population, the values of birth and death rates, as well as indicators characterizing the change in the age structure of the population. In order to obtain an information base for the study of trends in the demographic development of the CIS countries, a statistical method was used: data from international organizations of the United Nations and the CIS Statistical Committee were used to characterize the demographic trends of the CIS countries, including national statistics data, as well as data from the Internet project-Our World in Data to obtain historical data on the dynamics of the world population. The method of system analysis was used to assess the trends and characteristics of demographic processes in the CIS countries in the context of the theory of demographic transition. The analytical method was also used in the study. Based on the values of the total fertility and mortality rates, the natural growth rate, the total fertility rate, life expectancy, as well as the median age in the CIS countries, the authors make an assumption – which stage of the demographic transition is characteristic of this group of states. In conclusion, the authors present hypotheses about possible directions of demographic development of the post-Soviet countries in the context of the theory of demographic transition.

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Responses of global waterbird populations to climate change vary with latitude

10.1101/784900 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tatsuya Amano ◽

Tamás Székely ◽

Hannah S. Wauchope ◽

Brody Sandel ◽

Szabolcs Nagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Temperature Increase ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Global Scale ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Tropical Species ◽

Wetland Biodiversity ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhile climate change continues to present a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystems, most research on climate change impacts do not have the resolution to detect changes in species abundance and are often limited to temperate ecosystems. This limits our understanding of global responses in species abundance—a determinant of ecosystem function and services—to climate change including in the highly-biodiverse tropics. We address this knowledge gap by quantifying abundance responses to climate change in waterbirds, an indicator taxon of wetland biodiversity, at 6,822 sites between −55° and 64°. Using 1,303,651 count records since 1990 of 390 species, we show that with temperature increase, the abundance of species and populations decreased at lower latitudes, particularly in the tropics, but increased at higher latitudes. These contrasting responses to temperature increase according to latitude indicate potential global-scale poleward shifts of species abundance under climate change, providing empirical support for predictions by earlier studies. The negative responses to temperature increase in tropical species and populations are of conservation concern, as they are often also threatened by other anthropogenic factors. Our results suggest that existing biases in studies towards temperate regions could underestimate the impact of climate change on waterbirds and other species.

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Quantifying the impact of climate change on water resources at the basin scale on five continents – a unified approach

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-7-7485-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 7485-7519 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. C. Todd ◽

R. G. Taylor ◽

T. Osborne ◽

D. Kingston ◽

N. W. Arnell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

River Flow ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Global Scale ◽

Climate Impacts ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Considerable Uncertainty ◽

Basin Scale ◽

The Impact

Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the methods and results of an assessment of climate change impacts on catchment scale water resources, conducted under the QUEST-GSI (Global Scale Impacts) programme. The project method involved running simulations of catchment-scale hydrology using a unified set of past and future climate scenarios, to enable a consistent analysis of the climate impacts around the globe. The results from individual basins are presented in other papers in 2010. Overall, the studies indicate that in most basins the models project substantial changes to river flow, beyond that observed in the historical record, but that in many cases there is considerable uncertainty in the magnitude and sign of the projected changes. The implications of this for adaptation activities are discussed.

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Methods and Proposals for Meeting Energy Needs

New Trends in Production Engineering ◽

10.2478/ntpe-2020-0009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 98-109

Author(s):

Wes Grebski ◽

Stefan Czerwiński ◽

Jan Kania

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Management ◽

The United States ◽

Global Scale ◽

Electricity Production ◽

World Population ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Energy Economy ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe article includes a comparative analysis of different methods of solving energy problems especially meeting the demand for electricity. Energy problems became a global concern due to the rapid increase in the world population. Energy consumption reflects the habits of the society and the nature of the economy. The focus of the article is the analysis of the United States (USA) energy economy in terms of meeting the needs of industry and society. It includes a comparison of costs of generating electricity obtained from various sources. It also includes an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the energy sector’s dependence on individual energy sources. Meeting the demand for electricity cannot be solved by increasing only the energy generation. The cost of increasing electricity production is always higher compared to increasing energy efficiency. The impact of energy efficiency of devices on energy management was also assessed. The publication also contains practical conclusions and recommendations regarding energy management on a global scale.

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Multidisciplinary team decision is rare and decreasing in percutaneous vascular interventions despite positive impact on in-hospital outcomes

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christian-Alexander Behrendt ◽

Tilo Kölbel ◽

Thea Schwaneberg ◽

Holger Diener ◽

Ralf Hohnhold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multidisciplinary Team ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital Outcomes ◽

Vascular Intervention ◽

Medical Specialties ◽

Team Decision ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Background: Worldwide prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is increasing and peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) has become the primary invasive treatment. There is evidence that multidisciplinary team decision-making (MTD) has an impact on in-hospital outcomes. This study aims to depict practice patterns and time changes regarding MTD of different medical specialties. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study design. 20,748 invasive, percutaneous PVI of PAD conducted in the metropolitan area of Hamburg (Germany) were consecutively collected between January 2004 and December 2014. Results: MTD prior to PVI was associated with lower odds of early unsuccessful termination of the procedures (Odds Ratio 0.662, p < 0.001). The proportion of MTD decreased over the study period (30.9 % until 2009 vs. 16.6 % from 2010, p < 0.001) while rates of critical limb-threatening ischemia (34.5 % vs. 42.1 %), patients´ age (70 vs. 72 years), PVI below-the-knee (BTK) (13.2 % vs. 22.4 %), and rates of severe TASC C/D lesions BTK (43.2 % vs. 54.2 %) increased (all p < 0.001). Utilization of MTD was different between medical specialties with lowest frequency in procedures performed by internists when compared to other medical specialties (7.1 % vs. 25.7 %, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTD prior to PVI is associated with technical success of the procedure. Nonetheless, rates of MTD prior to PVI are decreasing during the study period. Future studies should address the impact of multidisciplinary vascular teams on long-term outcomes.

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Impact of external currency exposures on macroeconomic policies

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-23-40 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-40

Author(s):

I. V. Prilepskiy

Keyword(s):

Monetary Policy ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Exchange Rate Regime ◽

Macroeconomic Policies ◽

Panel Regressions ◽

Financial Account ◽

Currency Exposure ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Impact

Based on cross-country panel regressions, the paper analyzes the impact of external currency exposures on monetary policy, exchange rate regime and capital controls. It is determined that positive net external position (which, e.g., is the case for Russia) is associated with a higher degree of monetary policy autonomy, i.e. the national key interest rate is less responsive to Fed/ECB policy and exchange rate fluctuations. Therefore, the risks of cross-country synchronization of financial cycles are reduced, while central banks are able to place a larger emphasis on their price stability mandates. Significant positive impact of net external currency exposure on exchange rate flexibility and financial account liberalization is only found in the context of static models. This is probably due to the two-way links between incentives for external assets/liabilities accumulation and these macroeconomic policy tools.

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Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-109-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-123

Author(s):

I. E. Limonov ◽

M. V. Nesena

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Modeling ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Investment ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

The Public ◽

Export Activity ◽

Regional Investment ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

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