Cognition in Practice

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Quéré
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Theories Of Action ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Embodied Agency ◽  
Do So

How may we conceive of cognition in practice? What kind of thinking and reflection animate the accomplishment of action? These problems are usually settled by an intellectualist argument: to perform an action is mainly to execute decisions, to carry out plans or intentions, or to follow instructions. According to that view, cognition produces action, but it does not take place in the accomplishment of action itself Such an intellectualist view has been taken up again and developed by recent trends in cognitive science. Why focus on such a view? Because, by its systematizing of current assumptions in most of (he theories of action, it makes the conceptual framework of those theories very clear and allows one to see the inconsistencies of its underpinning. The alternative view outlined in this paper is based on an externalist and pragmatic conception of mind. It considers cognition as a social process and reintegrates it into the performance of situated actions. To do so, it grasps performance as a genuine praxis and specifies the thinking and reflection which animate it in relation to the phenomenon of 'embodied agency.'

Language Learning Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Benson
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Do So

This book is the first in-depth examination of the application of theories of space to issues of second language learning. The author outlines a new conceptual framework for researching SLA that centres on the idea of 'language learning environments' and demonstrates that where people learn languages is equally as important as how they do so.

Following Gesture Following: Grounding the Documentation of a Multi-Agent Music Creation Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Boutard ◽  
Catherine Guastavino
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Do So

The documentation of electroacoustic and mixed musical works typically relies on a posteriori data collection. In this article, we argue that the preservation of musical works having technological components should be grounded in a thorough documentation of the creative process that accounts for both human and nonhuman agents of creation. The present research aims at providing a ground for documentation policies that account for the creative process and provide relevant information for performance, migration, and analysis. To do so, we analyzed secondary ethnographic data from a two-year creation and production process of a musical work having a focus on gesture following. Using grounded theory, we developed a conceptual framework with different levels of abstraction and consequent levels of transferability to other creative contexts. Finally, we propose several paths for grounding a subsequent documentation framework in this conceptual framework.

Beyond Monks and Mushrooms

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-60
Author(s):  
Sara Rushing
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Political Ethic ◽  
Political Vocabulary ◽  
Embodied Agency

This chapter lays the intellectual-historical groundwork for thinking about the “virtues of vulnerability,” by mapping the concept of humility inherited in Western thought from Christianity, and the concept of autonomy inherited from liberalism. After detailing what these inherited concepts are, it argues that they are problematic from the perspective of embodied agency and citizenship-subjectivity, and develops alternative versions that bolster, not undermine, democratic practice. Confucian political theory provides a nontheological but deeply relational conception of humility, including concrete practices for cultivating a distinctly political ethic that is not about lowliness, self-denial, or subordination to authority. Feminist philosophy’s concept of “relational autonomy” provides an account of autonomy as an ongoing process that requires supportive social conditions and networks of relations, not mere non-interference. Bringing these traditions together, this chapter develops the conceptual framework and political vocabulary of the project, and begins to flesh out an important new concept of humility-informed-relational-autonomy.

Emerging Role of Technology Licensing in the Development of Global Product Strategy: Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Kotabe ◽  
Arvind Sahay ◽  
Preet S. Aulakh
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Technology Licensing ◽  
Product Strategy ◽  
Mode Of Entry ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Research Propositions

In the context of mode of entry into new markets, existing theory tends to identify technology licensing as a step toward or an alternative to wholly owned subsidiaries. However, recent trends in technology licensing indicate that technology licensing is used increasingly as a conscious, proactive component of a technology-based firm's global product strategy. The authors present a conceptual framework from the licensor's perspective on technology licensing by combining the existing literature and licensing practices in industry to identify the antecedent product market, industry level, and resource-based factors that lead to technology licensing. They also present propositions on how these factors affect technology licensing and conclude by linking technology licensing to different dimensions of a firm's product strategy.

Meaning Redefined

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Sonesson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Scholastic Realism ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Do So

From the point of view of semiotics, the essential contribution of John Deely consists in having made us all aware of the richness of the Scholastic heritage, and to have explained it to us latter-day semioticians. Even for those, who, like the present author, think that semiotics was alive and well between the dawn of the Latin Age, and the rediscovery of Scholastic realism by Peirce, the notions coined by the Scholastic philosophers are intriguing. To make sense of scholastic notions such as ens reale and ens rationis is not a straightforward matter, but it is worthwhile trying to do so, in particular by adapting these notions to ideas more familiar in the present age. Starting out from the notions of Scholastic Realism, we try in the following to make sense of the different meanings of meaning, only one of which is the sign. It will be suggested that there are counterparts to ens rationis, not only in the thinking of some contemporary philosophers, but also, in a more convoluted way, in the discussion within cognitive science about different extensions to the mind. The recurrent theme of the paper will be Deely’s musing, according to which signs, unlike any other kind of being, form relations which may connect things which are mind-dependent (ens rationis) and mind-independent (ens reale). The import of this proposition is quite different if is applied to what we will call the Augustinian notion of the sign, or to the Fonseca notion, which is better termed intentionality. In both cases, however, mind-dependence will be shown to have a fundamental part to play. Following upon the redefinition of Medieval philosophy suggested by Deely, we will broach a redefinition of something even wider: meaning even beyond signs.

Précis of Behaviorism: A conceptual reconstruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Zuriff
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
Logical Scheme ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
History Of Behaviorism ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe conceptual framework of behaviorism is reconstructed in a logical scheme rather than along chronological lines. The resulting reconstruction is faithful to the history of behaviorism and yet meets the contemporary challenges arising from cognitive science, psycholinguistics, and philosophy. In this reconstruction, the fundamental premise is that psychology is to be a natural science, and the major corollaries are that psychology is to be objective and empirical. To a great extent, the reconstruction of behaviorism is an elaboration of behaviorist views of what it is for a science to be objective and empirical. The reconstruction examines and evaluates behaviorist positions on observation and the rejection of introspection, the behavioral data language, theory construction, stimulus-response psychology, the organization of behavior, complex processes, agency, and the interpretation of mentalistic language. The resulting reconstruction shows behaviorism to be a pragmatic psychological version of positivism based on a behavioral epistemology.

“I was my momma baby. I was my daddy gal”

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Gubrium
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Do So

This paper is inspired by recent trends in narrative research that orient to the meaning-making actions of those involved in describing the life course. Applying concepts of narrative, discourse, and contrast, the complex meaning of growing up is presented by way of Lakeesha’s story, one of the 20 women interviewed for a project on African American gender socialization. Rather than viewing the participant in question as having been subject to the ostensible forces and parameters of socialization, she was offered the opportunity to represent her growing-up experiences in her own terms. She talked herself into being, situating herself as a particular type of women throughout her growing-up story — strategically employing and manipulating particular cultural discourses to do so. Lakeesha’s story is presented in this paper to illustrate a strategic model of narrative activity. In particular, I trace her use of the American Dream to analyze the ways that she situates herself with particular identities linked to local conceptions of successful womanhood. Methodological implications of this approach are considered in the conclusion.

scholarly journals A vueltas con la recuperación del leonés = Rethinking the recovery of Leonese

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Christian Fernández Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Recovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p class="Pa8">El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis sucinto sobre la trayectoria de la recuperación moderna del leonés, así como contribuir al campo de la sociolingüística a través de una valoración sobre las ideologías lingüísticas de las asociaciones involucradas en su protección, activas en la actualidad o en el pasado. Para ello, analizaremos las ideas y discursos que apoyan o refutan posturas hegemónicas y contrahegemónicas dentro del proceso de recuperación lingüística utilizando la teoría del sociolingüista gallego José del Valle mediante la contraposición que es­tablece entre las culturas de la monoglosia y de la heteroglosia, lo cual supone una novedad para entender el marco conceptual de la realidad lingüística leonesa dentro de esta disciplina.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="Pa8">The present article intends to elaborate on the history of the modern recovery of Leonese as well as contributing to the field of sociolinguistics through an analysis of the linguistic ideologies of the associations –cur­rently active or in the past– involved in its protection. To do so, after reviewing the style and language attitudes of the first writers in Leonese of the 20th century, we will focus on the ideas and rhetoric of associations that support or reject hegemonic or counterhegemonic stances within the process of language recovery using the theory of CUNY sociolinguist José del Valle, who establishes an opposition between the culture of monoglos­sia and the culture of heteroglossia. This new approach aims to provide a conceptual framework to understand the Leonese language situation within the field of sociolinguistics.<em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Attacks on genetic privacy via uploads to genealogical databases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Edge ◽  
Graham Coop
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Genetic Privacy ◽  
Genetic Genealogy ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Do So

AbstractDirect-to-consumer (DTC) genetics services are increasingly popular for genetic genealogy, with tens of millions of customers as of 2019. Several DTC genealogy services allow users to upload their own genetic datasets in order to search for genetic relatives. A user and a target person in the database are identified as genetic relatives if the user’s uploaded genome shares one or more sufficiently long segments in common with that of the target person—that is, if the two genomes share one or more long regions identical by state (IBS). IBS matches reveal some information about the genotypes of the target person, particularly if the chromosomal locations of IBS matches are shared with the uploader. Here, we describe several methods by which an adversary who wants to learn the genotypes of people in the database can do so by uploading multiple datasets. Depending on the methods used for IBS matching and the information about IBS segments returned to the user, substantial information about users’ genotypes can be revealed with a few hundred uploaded datasets. For example, using a method we call IBS tiling, we estimate that an adversary who uploads approximately 900 publicly available genomes could recover at least one allele at SNP sites across up to 82% of the genome of a median person of European ancestries. In databases that detect IBS segments using unphased genotypes, approximately 100 uploads of falsified datasets can reveal enough genetic information to allow accurate genome-wide imputation of every person in the database. Different DTC services use different methods for identifying and reporting IBS segments, leading to differences in vulnerability to the attacks we describe. We provide a proof-of-concept demonstration that the GEDmatch database in particular uses unphased genotypes to detect IBS and is vulnerable to genotypes being revealed by artificial datasets. We suggest simple-to-implement suggestions that will prevent the exploits we describe and discuss our results in light of recent trends in genetic privacy, including the recent use of uploads to DTC genetic genealogy services by law enforcement.

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