Action Research and Epistemology

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-297
Author(s):  
Kjell S. Johannessen
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Human Practices

It is argued that more attention should be paid to the epistemological foundations of action research. Doing this from a pragmatic point of view, the author points to the decisive role of human practices regarding such fundamental issues as the constitution of meaningful signs, the application of concepts as rule-following, the contextuality of knowledge, and the marginal relevance of theory. The concept of practice not only points to the ways in which our concepts are established, it also comprises the skills involved in handling the conceptualized phenomena, our pre-reflective familiarity with them, expressed in the sureness of our behavior towards them, and the discernment exercised in applying or withholding a given concept on a particular occasion. These factors are all relevant to the establishment of knowledge, but they cannot themselves be fully and straightforwardly articulated by verbal means. Nevertheless, they represent what we go by when we apply concepts and other types of rules.

The Role of Criminalistic Classification and Defendants’ Typification in the Formation of Forensic Recommendations for Prosecuting in Court

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
S. L. Kislenko
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Court Proceedings

Systemic characteristics of the doctrine dealing with the person committing a crime predetermine the complexity of the use of information about him or her in the process of criminal prosecution. Systemic information on the behavioral aspects of the person in the process of genesis of criminal and post-criminal activity, as well as its procedural status, will be of great importance in the work of law enforcement agencies as a systematic structure. Criminalistically significant aspects of criminal activity (and behavior) as a systemic holistic structure should be discussed when the decisive role of personal features is determined not only in the mechanism of the criminal act, but also beyond it. The activity of the person that takes place both before the criminal prosecution (criminal aspect) and during the proceedings (post-criminal aspect) should be investigated. Therefore, the identity of the defendant should be considered in the context of such categories as the identity of an offender and the identity of an accused (a suspect). The typification of defendants is necessary In order to improve the effectiveness of the prosecution of offenders in court proceedings. The classification approach allows us to develop targeted recommendations (methods, tactical complexes) to maintain the prosecution. Obtaining and using information about the identity of the defendant implies the need for the public prosecutor to interact with other authorities involved in prosecution process. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of personal and behavioral characteristics of the defendant has important theoretical and practical significance. In the first case, the generalization of such knowledge contributes to the development of criminalistic theory in general and its certain sections in particular. From a practical point of view, accumulation of such knowledge contributes to the formation of targeted criminalistic recommendations used to improve the effectiveness of criminal prosecution of persons who committed crimes within the framework of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Specific aspects of globalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Problems

The decisive role of globalization processes and development tendencies has many positive and negative effects in economic (foreign-trade), environmental, and (bio) technological areas. From the evolution point of view still very successful human adaptation strategy hit the basic limit given by the capacity of the Earth biosphere. The evolution determinants of human society and their economic or technological activities manifesting themselves by global problems can find way out of sustainable development. The application of the so-called preventive principle represents a great dilemma.

Pathophysiological Role of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels and their Modulation by Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2661-2674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Citi ◽  
Vincenzo Calderone ◽  
Alma Martelli ◽  
Maria C. Breschi ◽  
Lara Testai
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Neuro Protection

Background: Mitochondria play a central role in ATP-generating processes. Indeed, in mammalian tissues, up to 90% of ATP is generated by mitochondria through the process of oxidative phosphorylation; furthermore, mitochondria are involved in multiple signal transduction pathways. A rapidly expanding body of literature has confirmed that mitochondria play a pivotal role in apoptosis, cardio- and neuro-protection, and various neurodegenerative disorders, ranging from Parkinson’s to Alzheimer’s disease. Mitochondria are also the targets of multiple drugs, some of these are specifically designed to affect mitochondrial function, while others have primary targets in other cellular locations but may interact with mitochondria because of the presence of numerous targets on this organelle. In this regard, mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels play a critical role in mitochondrial function and, consequently, in the metabolism of the whole cell. <p> Objective: To describe mitoK channels from a structural point of view and investigate their pathophysiological roles, focusing on possible specific modulators that might be useful as pharmacological tools in the treatment of various pathologies characterized by mitoK involvement. <p> Results: mitoK channels play a decisive role in several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, particularly in myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative diseases, and they are emerging as promising oncological targets. <p> Conclusions: mitoK channels represent novel targets, and mitoK channel modulators represent an exciting tool for pharmacological intervention against such pathological conditions.

scholarly journals So Imagism Began

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
English Language ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
Narrative History

The paper aims at exploring the importance of the first period of Imagism development in the twentieth-century literary history. Turning our mind to the dawn of Imagism is important because the analysis of its first stage helps uncover the main goal of the research – to prove that the short success history and the long-term influence of Imagism on the twentieth-century English-language poetry and lyrical narrative history have been rooted both in the practical “behaviour rules” for the new poetry and in the complex aesthetic debate with the previous tradition – Classicism, Romanticism and Symbolism. The new focus of the research is the investigation of “The Poets’ Club” (T. E. Hulme, F. Flint et al.) and particularly Edward Storer’s activity in Imagist theory and practice elaboration. This aspect of the paper adjusts and deepens the generally accepted point of view on the Ezra Pound’s decisive role in shaping the movement being the only “impresario” of Imagism and Modernism. T. E. Hulme’s ideas of breaking with the Romantic aesthetics for the Classicist one; substituting metaphor with analogy; focusing on particular physical image ((“Lecture on Modern Poetry”, 1908; “Romanticism and Classicism”, 1911) were supported by Edward Storer. The search for new verse poetics denying the absolute imperative of syllabic tonics, artificial rhythm and rhyme, was also common. First imagists’ theoretical views review is backed up with the analysis of Hulme’s (“Autumn”, “Embankment”, “Conversion”) and Storer’s (“Illusion”, “Image”, “By the Shore”) poems on the background of Romantic and Georgian poetry. It’s hardly possible to over-estimate the role of T. E. Hulme, F. Flint, E. Storer and “The Poets’ Club” in Imagism making as they were not just proclaiming the new relations “author/persona – text/image – reader” but also exhibiting the concern for the receptive side of poetry; new objectiveness instead of Romantic abstraction; impersonality, technical freedom and “new symbolism” found in “small dry images”.

scholarly journals Research of Coupling Effects Between the Offshore RMB Exchange Rate and Onshore Exchange Rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Lixiong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Rmb Exchange Rate ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Yuan

On August 11, 2015, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) decided to start the reform of the RMB central parity mechanism. To reinforced the decisive role of the market in the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism, and also enhanced the marketization and benchmark. Meanwhile, after the announcement of the exchange rate reform, both the offshore and onshore RMB markets experienced sharp fluctuations, and it obviously impact the macroeconomic and capital market. This paper is based on the "information flow" point of view, Researcher used Granger Causality Test, The VAR Model and Impulses Response Function to test the relationship between Chinese Yuan (CNY) marketing rate and Chinese Hong Kong (CNH) marketing rate. Result improved that CNH caused CNY, also had a positive influence on CNY. Furthermore, the offshore market was more important than onshore market. Researcher also explained that The Pricing Right of RMB transfer to offshore market from onshore market.

Brains and Beliefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Unstable Position

I suggest there are three ways to see the role of folk psychology in a mature cognitive neuroscience. First, integration says that folk psychology plays a decisive role in defining the objects of scientific inquiry and guiding that inquiry. Second, autonomy is the view that folk psychology deals in personal rather than subpersonal explanations and as such has aims that are incompatible with science. Third is eliminativism, which argues that folk psychology will be replaced by a scientific theory of the mind. I argue that the integrationist perspective is an unstable position because folk psychology cannot play the role that integrationists have in mind for it. Any psychology that plays this role must be heavily revised enough to count as a successor theory, and that is a vindication of eliminativism from the point of view of scientific theory-construction.

scholarly journals El problema del seguimiento de reglas en Michael Oakeshott

2021 ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio González de Requena Farré
Keyword(s):  
Rule Following ◽  
Normative Practices ◽  
Michael Oakeshott ◽  
Human Practices

The role of rules in our normative practices constitutes a relevant philosophical problema, mainly associated with Wittgenstein’s philosophy, but to which Michael Oakeshott has also attempted to answer. Not surprisingly, some scholars have found parallels between their conceptions of human practices and rule-following. Through an exegesis of the notion and uses of the rule in Oakeshott's works, this article aims to clarify the link between rule-following and normative authorization. In this way, it will be possible to to decide the originality and specificity of Oakeshott’s contribution and settle the question of the differences with the Wittgensteinian problematization of rule-following.

scholarly journals Point of view of the Italians pediatric scientific societies about the pediatric care during the COVID-19 lockdown: what has changed and future prospects for restarting

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lubrano ◽  
Alberto Villani ◽  
Stefano Berrettini ◽  
Paolo Caione ◽  
Alberto Chiara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Care Activity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently rare in children and they seem to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. However, SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has indirectly caused problems in pediatric medical assistance. In view of this we wanted to draw a picture of what happened during health emergency and analyze future prospects for restarting. Methods We involved the Italian pediatric scientific societies institutionally collected in the Italian Federation of Associations and Scientific Societies of the Pediatric Area (FIARPED); We sent a questionnaire to all scientific societies about the pediatric care activity during the COVID-19 emergency and future perspectives for the phase of post-containment. Results The analysis of the questionnaires showed significant decrease of:admission, outpatient visits and specialist consultancy activities during the COVID-19 emergency, primarily linked to the fear of infection. Instead it was increased the serious degree of diseases admitted. Most of scientific societies maintained the relationship with chronic patients through some form of telemedicine, reporting a strong positive opinion about this modality. Finally showed the need to give life a new approach for hospitalizations and outpatient visits through a greater use of telemedicine, educational programs on families and a more decisive role of family pediatricians. Conclusions Our study highlighted many aspects that can be improved in pediatric care. We think that It will be necessary a new shared strategy to improve the management and continuity of care for pediatric patients, primarily developing a network of collaboration between families, family pediatrician and hospitals and by enhancing the use of new methods of telecommunications.

scholarly journals What Public Experience May Be – On Publicity, Communication and the Expression of Lived Experiences

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147
Author(s):  
Samuel Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Symbolic Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The idea of public experience is often invoked in different social and academic contexts. However, it seldom deserved a reflection that specifically sought to deepen its meaning from the point of view of social life. In this article we contribute to the understanding of the uniqueness of the public form of experience. We believe that one of the best ways through which we can observe the public experience is by the objectification, performance and dramatization of the culture, i.e., the “expression of lived experiences”. There is, in publicity, the possibility of simultaneous allocation of individual and collective experiences, and it is in this sense that we can see how culture influences the shaping of experience itself. Public experience is characterized by the weaving and intertwining of singular experiences that are pluralized and plural lived experiences that are singularized, in a process where individual and society interpenetrate. The relationship between experience and publicity arises from this symbolic communion contained in the systems of thought and action of societies. The decisive role of the principle of publicity to experience consists, according with the hypothesis we wish to put forward, in making available and communicating the social world of symbolic (cultural) activity. Public experience is, then, envisaged as the experience of a common world where both singular and plural definitions of the individual (taken as society) converge through lived experiences and, particularly, through their expression, which can take different symbolic forms.

Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
N.V. Belov ◽  
U.I. Papiashwili ◽  
B.E. Yudovich
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

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