Diachronic Syntax and Information Packaging

1993 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Masataka Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Information Packaging

STRUKTUR KOMPLEKS DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA ILMIAH DAN MASALAH PENERJEMAHANNYA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Mirahayuni ◽  
Susie Chrismalia Garnida ◽  
Mateus Rudi Supsiadji
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Weight Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Target Languages

Abstract. Translating complex structures have always been a challenge for a translator since the structures can be densed with ideas and particular logical relations. The purpose of translation is reproducing texts into another language to make them available to wider readerships. Since language is not merely classification of a set of universal and general concept, that each language articulates or organizes the world differently, the concepts in one language can be radically different from another. One issue in translation is the difference among languages, that the wider gaps between the source and target languages may bring greater problems of transfer of message from the source into the target languages (Culler, 1976). Problematic factors involved in translation include meaning, style, proverbs, idioms and others. A number of translation procedures and strategies have been discussed to solve translation problems. This article presents analysis of complex structures in scientific Indonesian, the problems and effects on translation into English. The study involves data taken from two research article papers in Indonesian to be translated into English. The results of the analysis show seven (7) problems of Indonesian complex structures, whose effect on translation process can be grouped into two: complex structures related to grammar (including: complex structure with incomplete information, run-on sentences, redundancy , sentence elements with inequal semantic relation, and logical relation and choice of conjunctor) and complex structures related to information processing in discourse (including: front-weight- structure and thematic structure with changes of Theme element). Problems related to grammar may be solved with language economy and accuracy while those related to discourse may be solved with understanding information packaging patterns in the target language discourse. Keywords: scientific language, complex structures, translation

Verb-initial declaratives in Old High German and in later German

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Old High German ◽  
Verb Second ◽  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This chapter investigates the syntactic properties and the pragmatic behaviour of verb-initial declarative clauses in the history of German. The focus is on OHG because in this period, verb-initial declaratives represent a frequent, well-known alternative to canonical verb-second main clauses. It is argued that verb-initial declaratives are native in origin, and that they are derivable under a special interpretation of the verb-second rule. The main part of the chapter deals with the pragmatic properties of verb-initial declaratives in OHG, summarizing the various attempts at explaining the distribution of these orders and showing that further research is needed to arrive at a more adequate understanding of their function in the discourse. The chapter closes up with the discussion of the later development of verb-initial declaratives in German, sketching the controversial treatments of this question in the literature on German diachronic syntax.

On Linkhood, Topicalization and Clitic Left Dislocation

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORA ALEXOPOULOU ◽  
DIMITRA KOLLIAKOU
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clitic Doubling ◽  
Left Dislocation ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Card System ◽  
Clitic Left Dislocation ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Structural Definition

This paper focuses on the Information Packaging notion of linkhood and provides a structural definition of this notion for Greek. We show that a combination of structural resources – syntactic (left dislocation), morphological (clitic duplication) and phonological (absence of nuclear accent) – are simultaneously exploited to realize linkhood in Greek, a generalization that can be captured in a constraint-based grammar such as HPSG, which permits the expression of interface constraints. We assume Vallduví's (1992) approach to Information Packaging, and Engdahl & Vallduví's (1996) implementation of the latter in HPSG, but deviate from Vallduví's work in adopting Hendriks & Dekker's (1996) revised definition of linkhood that relies on non-monotone anaphora. From an empirical point of view, our approach directly accounts for the invariable association of Clitic Left Dislocated NPs with wide scope readings, as well as a number of systematic differences in felicity conditions between Clitic Left Dislocation and other apparently related phenomena (Topicalization and Clitic Doubling). From a theoretical perspective, our analysis departs from syntax-based notions of topichood or discourse-linking and supports a definition that unifies linkhood with other anaphora phenomena. As such, it arguably overcomes previously noted problems for Vallduví's treatment of links as the current-locus-of-update in a Heim-style file-card system.

scholarly journals Right-dislocation in Catalan: Its discourse function and counterparts in English

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laia Mayol
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Content ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
English Text ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Canonical Order ◽  
The Right ◽  
Previous Sentence

This paper presents a corpus study of right dislocation (RD) in Catalan and discusses crosslinguistic differences of information packaging between English and Catalan. The Catalan corpus consists of 93 RDs which have been coded according to three parameters: (1) the point where the entity in the right-dislocated constituent had appeared in the discourse, (2) consequences of eliminating the right-dislocated constituent and (3) consequences of restoring the canonical order. I argue that RD in Catalan is a means to structure information in a coherent way by displacing old information from the main clause. Three main types of RDs can be found: (1) RDs which activate an entity which was no longer accessible in the discourse and make it highly salient, while still marking its discourse-old status; (2) RDs which make explicit an implicit, never textually mentioned, referent and places it in a discourse-old information position. (3) RDs referring to entities mentioned in the previous sentence. Such RDs convey an additional meaning, some ‘emotional content’, having to do with the expression of opposition or emphasis. In order to analyse crosslinguistic differences, an English text and its Catalan translation have been used. The Catalan translation contained 42 instances of RD, while the English text contained none, which shows that the two languages use different strategies to encode information packaging. The Catalan translation uses RDs mostly in cases in which the English original repeats the same phrase in two consecutive utterances and in utterances which convey contrast or opposition.

scholarly journals WebGIS sebagai media diseminasi kemas ulang informasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Nurida Maulidia Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Research Questions

Introduction. Not all scientific work can be easily utilized directly by the public (society). Pusat Data dan Dokumentasi Informasi Ilmiah (PDDI)  has not optimally disseminated knowledge products. The knowledge products should be assembled, visualized and informed - through digital media. This paper aims to examine whether WebGIS can be used as a medium for disseminating information. Data Collection Method. The method used was descriptive qualitative. Data collection was conducted by means of a survey. Data Analysis. This research use descriptive analysis. The results of the survey analysis were reviewed with the results of literature studies so that conclusions could be drawn to answer the research questions. Results and Discussions. The survey shows that the Banyuwangi community expect that  an interactive industrial tree to be attached in the WebGIS (BAGEOS) of the Banyuwangi Regency Government. The survey shows that installing industrial trees on BAGEOS is not only beneficial for BAGEOS, but also for the community. Conclusions. Combination between industrial trees with WebGIS or digital maps is a good combination. All respondents agreed to pair industrial trees on digital maps. GIS is capable as  a medium for disseminating information packaging.

Syntactic Features and the Limits of Syntactic Change

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Diachronic Syntax ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Syntactic Change ◽  
T Domain

This volume brings together the latest diachronic research on syntactic features and their role in restricting syntactic change. The chapters address a central theoretical issue in diachronic syntax: whether syntactic variation can always be attributed to differences in the features of items in the lexicon, as the Borer-Chomsky conjecture proposes. In answering this question, all the chapters develop analyses of syntactic change couched within a formalist framework in which rich hierarchical structures and abstract features of various kinds play an important role. The first three parts of the volume explore the different domains of the clause, namely the C-domain, the T-domain and the ν‎P/VP-domain respectively, while chapters in the final part are concerned with establishing methodology in diachronic syntax and modelling linguistic correspondences. The contributors draw on extensive data from a large number of languages and dialects, including several that have received little attention in the literature on diachronic syntax, such as Romeyka, a Greek variety spoken in Turkey, and Middle Low German, previously spoken in northern Germany. Other languages are explored from a fresh theoretical perspective, including Hungarian, Icelandic, and Austronesian languages. The volume sheds light not only on specific syntactic changes from a cross-linguistic perspective but also on broader issues in language change and linguistic theory.

Historical overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-104
Author(s):  
Diego Pescarini
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Verb Movement ◽  
Null Objects ◽  
Object Clitics ◽  
Information Packaging ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The chapter overviews the evolution from Latin pronouns to present-day object clitics. The discussion of Latin focuses on the relationship between pronominal syntax and three main factors: information packaging, verb movement, and the licensing of null objects. Then the chapter examines the earliest Romance documents (eighth–ninth century) and elaborates on the distinction between archaic and innovative early Romance languages. The former allowed interpolation, i.e. the presence of material between proclitics and the verb, while the latter exhibited adverbal clitics, which are always attached to a verbal host. The loss of enclisis/proclisis alternations in finite clauses (Tobler-Mussafia effects) marks the transition towards modern systems. Further variation across modern vernaculars results from clitic climbing, which is often lost in restructuring contexts and, to a lesser extent, in compound and simple tenses. Lastly, the chapter overviews several systematic changes affecting the order of sequences formed by two or more object clitics.

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