Characteristics of a detached argumentative style in public policy analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Gâță
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Communicative Practice ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Communicative Activity Type

Abstract This study is a contribution to the recently introduced notion of argumentative style (van Eemeren 2019) in the framework of the pragma-dialectical approach. It aims at characterizing a detached argumentative style, by focusing on a speech event pertaining to the communicative activity type organizational discourse, a report on EU environment and climate change policies. The analysis concerns the executive summary and the key findings of the report, reconstructed in the analysis as the concluding stage of the critical discussion corresponding to the pragma-dialectical model. The notion of text type (Adam 1992) used in the analysis has allowed a more fine-grained characterization of the detached argumentative style, especially since the communicative practice under analysis displays a specific discourse format and structure for reasons of conventionalization and institutionalization. In such circumstances, determined by the type of conventionalization imposed by the context, the adoption of a detached argumentative style appears to be a pre-requisite. In the concluding stage of a critical discussion the difference of opinion is not restated, while the most significant standpoints are synthetically (re)presented by an adequate balance of narrative, descriptive and metadiscursive text strategies meant to support the objectivity, the conciseness of the presentation and also ensuring the necessary density of information required in a report summary or the presentation of key findings, respectively. While explicit negative evaluations or formulations of standpoints are avoided, the recommendations are presented as open to adoption or reconsideration by policymakers.

Analisis Karakterisasi Teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Fawzan Galib Abdul Karim Bawahab ◽  
Elvan Yuniarti ◽  
Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan analisa karakterisasi pada teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, sebagai salah satu teknik multiple-access pada sistem komunikasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan untuk mencari bagaimana cara meningkatkan keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut, dalam mengatasi masalah interferensi dengan sistem dan channel yang sama. Dan juga untuk menentukan veriabel apa yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menentukan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan keduanya. Hasil dari karakterisasi, diketahui variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sistem DSSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading (). Sedangkan untuk sistem FHSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading ( dan ) dan selisih antara frekuensi hopping data dengan frekuensi hopping interferensi . Kata Kunci: BER, DSSS, FHSS, Interference, Spread spectrum. Abstract. In this study, characterization of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum technologies have been done, as one of the multiple-access techniques in communication systems. Characterization is done to find out how to improve the ability of the two systems, in solving interference problems with the same system and channel. And also to determine what veriabel affects the ability of the two systems. Characterization is done by determining the variables that affect the ability of both. The results of the characterization, known variables that affect the ability of the DSSS system are the spreading frequency value (). As for the FHSS system, the spreading frequency value ( and ) and the difference between frequency hopping data with frequency hopping interference .

Characterization of the surface of hydrodesulphurization catalysts by adsorption of hydrocarbons

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Eva Hillerová ◽  
Miroslav Zdražil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Alumina Surface ◽  
Reversible Adsorption ◽  
The Difference

Reversible adsorption of heptane and benzene on model and industrial hydrodesulphurization molybdena catalysts has been studied by elution chromatographic method at 150 °C. An increase in the adsorption of heptane on sulphidation of adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. Supported catalysts behaved as mixture of Al2O3 and MoO3.The portion of surface which can be transformed by sulphidation into MoS2 ranged from 0 to 65% for individual commercial catalysts, as determined from the change in heptane adsorption after sulphidation of a given sample. The polarity of catalysts, including their acidity, was estimated from the difference between adsorption of benzene and heptane. The polarity of model and industrial catalysts in oxidic form was similar to that of alumina in most cases. The decrease in the polarity after sulphidation of the adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. The decrease in polarity resulting from sulphidation of supported catalysts was relatively small, since the reaction of MoO3 monolayer with hydrogen sulphide leads to partial reformation of the alumina surface. The acidity of supported sulphided hydrodesulphurization catalysts has been shown by this method to be comparable with the acidity of the support itself.

Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines and a series of ethyl 4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renée Little ◽  
Keith Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Piperazine Ring ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
In Series ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Diazonium Coupling ◽  
The Difference

1-Methylpiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines (2), a new series of triazenes, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Assignment of the chemical shifts to specific protons and carbons in the piperazine ring was facilitated by comparison with the chemical shifts in the model compounds piperazine and 1-methylpiperazine and by a HETCOR experiment with the p-tolyl derivative (2i). A DEPT experiment with 1-methylpiperazine (6) was necessary to distinguish the methyl and methylene groups in 6, and a HETCOR spectrum of 6 enabled the correlation of proton and carbon chemical shifts. Line broadening of the signals from the ring methylene protons is attributed to restricted rotation around the N2-N3 bond of the triazene moiety in 2. The second series of triazenes, the ethyl 4-[2-phenyl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates (3), have been prepared by similar diazonium coupling to ethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate and were similarly characterized. The chemical shifts of the piperazine ring protons are much closer together in series 3 than in series 2, resulting in distortion of the multiplets for these methylenes. It was noticed that the difference between these chemical shifts in 3 exhibited a linear free energy relationship with the Hammett substituent constants for the substituents in the aryl ring. Key words: triazene, piperazine, diazonium coupling, NMR, HETCOR, linear free energy relationship.

scholarly journals Grounding semantic transparency in context

Morphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Varvara ◽  
Gabriella Lapesa ◽  
Sebastian Padó
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Inclusion Measure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.

scholarly journals Acoustic Characterization of Some Steel Industry Waste Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5924
Author(s):  
Elisa Levi ◽  
Simona Sgarbi ◽  
Edoardo Alessio Piana
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristic ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Acoustic Characterization ◽  
Minimization Procedure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

From a circular economy perspective, the acoustic characterization of steelwork by-products is a topic worth investigating, especially because little or no literature can be found on this subject. The possibility to reuse and add value to a large amount of this kind of waste material can lead to significant economic and environmental benefits. Once properly analyzed and optimized, these by-products can become a valuable alternative to conventional materials for noise control applications. The main acoustic properties of these materials can be investigated by means of a four-microphone impedance tube. Through an inverse technique, it is then possible to derive some non-acoustic properties of interest, useful to physically characterize the structure of the materials. The inverse method adopted in this paper is founded on the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model and uses a standard minimization procedure based on the difference between the sound absorption coefficients obtained experimentally and predicted by the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model. The results obtained are consistent with other literature data for similar materials. The knowledge of the physical parameters retrieved applying this technique (porosity, airflow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous and thermal characteristic length) is fundamental for the acoustic optimization of the porous materials in the case of future applications.

Relation between Magnetic, Spectroscopic and Structural Properties of Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes of Pentadentate Schiff-base Ligand, Semi-empirical and ab-initio Calculations

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Elerman ◽  
H. Kara ◽  
A. Elmali
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Coupling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Ligand Orbital ◽  
Rhf Calculations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Empirical

The synthesis and characterization of [Cu2(L1)(3,5 prz)] (L1=1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-3,5-chlorosalicylideneamino) propan-2-ol) 1 and of [Cu2(L2)(3,5 prz)] (L2=1,3-Bis(2-hydroxy-bromosalicylideneamino) propan-2-ol) 2 are reported. The compounds were studied by elemental analysis, infrared and electronic spectra. The structure of the Cu2(L1)(3,5 prz)] complex was determined by x-ray diffraction. The magnetochemical characteristics of these compounds were determined by temperaturedependent magnetic susceptibility measurements, revealing their antiferromagnetic coupling. The superexchange coupling constants are 210 cm−1 for 1 and 440 cm−1 for 2. The difference in the magnitude of the coupling constants was explained by the metal-ligand orbital overlaps and confirmed by ab-initio restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations. In order to determine the nature of the frontier orbitals, Extended Hückel Molecular Orbital (EHMO) calculations are also reported.

Effect of Flaw Dimensions on Ductile Fracture Behavior of Non-Aligned Multiple Flaws in a Plate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Miyazaki ◽  
Kunio Hasegawa ◽  
Koichi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Fracture Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The fitness-for-service codes require the characterization of non-aligned multiple flaws for flaw evaluation, which is performed using a flaw proximity rule. Worldwide, almost all such codes provide their own proximity rule, often with unclear technical bases of the application of proximity rule to ductile or fully plastic fracture. In particular, the effect of flaw dimensions of multiple surface flaws on fully plastic fracture of non-aligned multiple flaws had not been clear. To clarify the effect of the difference of part through-wall and through-wall flaws on the behavior of fully plastic fracture, the fracture tests of flat plate specimens with non-aligned multiple part through-wall flaws were conducted. When the flaw depth a was shallow with 0.4 in ratio of a to thickness t, the maximum load Pmax occurred at penetration of multiple flaws and the effect of vertical distance of non-aligned multiple flaws H on Pmax was not so significant. However, when flaw depth was deep with 0.8 in a/t, Pmax occurred after penetration of flaws and the effect of H on Pmax could be seen clearly. It was judged that the through-wall flaw tests were appropriate for discussion of the effect of H on Pmax and the alignment rule of multiple flaws. In addition, in order to clarify the appropriate length parameter to estimate Pmax of test specimens with dissimilar non-aligned through-wall multiple flaws, the fracture tests of plate specimens were also conducted. The effect of different flaw length on Pmax was discussed with maximum, minimum and averages of dissimilar non-aligned multiple flaw lengths. Experimental results showed that the maximum length lmax would be an appropriate length parameter to estimate Pmax, when the non-aligned multiple through-wall flaws were dissimilar.

Characterization of ultra-fine grained aluminum produced by accumulative back extrusion (ABE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Alihosseini ◽  
G. Faraji ◽  
A.F. Dizaji ◽  
K. Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Fine Grained

scholarly journals Characterization of affine ruled surfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Shape Operator ◽  
Ruled Surfaces ◽  
Affine Sphere ◽  
Affine Surface ◽  
Codazzi Tensor ◽  
Difference Tensor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Affine Metric

The aim of this paper is to give certain conditions characterizing ruled affine surfaces in terms of the Blaschke structure (∇, h, S) induced on a surface (M, f) in ℝ3. The investigation of affine ruled surfaces was started by W. Blaschke in the beginning of our century (see [1]). The description of affine ruled surfaces can be also found in the book [11], [3] and [7]. Ruled extremal surfaces are described in [9]. We show in the present paper that a shape operator S is a Codazzi tensor with respect to the Levi-Civita connection ∇ of affine metric h if and only if (M, f) is an affine sphere or a ruled surface. Affine surfaces with ∇S = 0 are described in [2] (see also [4]). We also show that a surface which is not an affine sphere is ruled iff im(S - HI) =ker(S - HI) and ket(S - HI) ⊂ ker dH. Finally we prove that an affine surface with indefinite affine metric is a ruled affine sphere if and only if the difference tensor K is a Codazzi tensor with respect to ∇.

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF La2-xSrxCuO4/Nb-SrTiO3 HETEROJUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT DOPED REGIMES

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. ZHANG ◽  
G. F. WANG ◽  
W. L. LI ◽  
J. Q. SHEN ◽  
P. G. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Density ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Depletion Layer ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Superconducting Gap ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
The Difference

Two types of p–n junction were fabricated by depositing underdoped La 1.9 Sr 0.1 CuO 4 film and overdoped La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4 film on n -type 0.5 wt.% Nb -doped SrTiO 3 (NSTO) substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD), respectively. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the La 2-x Sr x CuO 4/NSTO heterojunction were measured in the temperature range from 5 K to 300 K. All I–V curves show a fine rectifying property and a visible reduction of the diffusion potential (Vd) is observed, but the behaviors of Vd are vastly different for the underdoped and overdoped regimes at temperatures below Tc. Analysis results show that the characteristics of the heterojunction are possibly affected not only by the superconducting gap of LSCO at Tc, but also by the depletion layer in the interface of LSCO/NSTO junction. The variation of the depletion layer is possibly different under the same applied bias voltages for the underdoped La 1.9 Sr 0.1 CuO 4/NSTO junction and overdoped La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4/NSTO junction due to the difference of carrier density at La 1.9 Sr 0.1 CuO 4 and La 1.8 Sr 0.2 CuO 4.

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