Assessing the state of the art in longitudinal L2 pronunciation research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Specific Intervention ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Context Of Learning ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Longitudinal Research Methods ◽  
L2 Pronunciation

Abstract Longitudinal research methods often call to mind studies of various lengths. However, longitudinal research involves complex decisions related to study length, number of sessions, and session spacing, and these longitudinal choices must be coordinated with other aspects of research methodology. In this synthesis, I analyze 39 longitudinal L2 pronunciation studies that were published between 2006 and 2021 and did not include a pronunciation-specific intervention. I examine longitudinal design choices in light of participant sample characteristics such as age and context of learning, and measurement framework characteristics, which include choices related to target structures and tasks. Among other findings, results point to a lack of longer-term, multiwave studies dealing with pronunciation development. I offer suggestions for future work that can enhance the scope of L2 pronunciation research as well as recommendations for conducting and reporting longitudinal research.

Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Analyzing Compositionality-Sensitivity of NLI Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6867-6874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Nie ◽  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Mohit Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
High Probability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Bag Of Words ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Future Work

Success in natural language inference (NLI) should require a model to understand both lexical and compositional semantics. However, through adversarial evaluation, we find that several state-of-the-art models with diverse architectures are over-relying on the former and fail to use the latter. Further, this compositionality unawareness is not reflected via standard evaluation on current datasets. We show that removing RNNs in existing models or shuffling input words during training does not induce large performance loss despite the explicit removal of compositional information. Therefore, we propose a compositionality-sensitivity testing setup that analyzes models on natural examples from existing datasets that cannot be solved via lexical features alone (i.e., on which a bag-of-words model gives a high probability to one wrong label), hence revealing the models’ actual compositionality awareness. We show that this setup not only highlights the limited compositional ability of current NLI models, but also differentiates model performance based on design, e.g., separating shallow bag-of-words models from deeper, linguistically-grounded tree-based models. Our evaluation setup is an important analysis tool: complementing currently existing adversarial and linguistically driven diagnostic evaluations, and exposing opportunities for future work on evaluating models’ compositional understanding.

Minding the Time: A Critical Look at Longitudinal Design and Data Analysis in Quantitative Public Management Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Stritch
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Many

Public management scholars are looking to longitudinal research designs and data to help overcome the many limitations associated with cross-sectional research. However, far less attention has been given to time itself as a research lens for scholars to consider. This article seeks to integrate time as a construct of theoretical importance into a discussion of longitudinal design, data, and public management research. First, I discuss the relative advantages of longitudinal design and data, but also the challenges, limitations, and issues researchers need to consider. Second, I consider the importance of time as a theoretical construct of interest in the pursuit of longitudinal public management research. Third, I offer a brief look at the use of longitudinal design and panel data analyses in the current public management literature. The overview demonstrates a notable absence of public management research considering the attitudes, motives, perceptions, and experiences of individual public employees and managers. Finally, I consider why there are so few longitudinal studies of public employees and point out the issues public management researchers interested in individual employee-level phenomena need to consider when advancing their own longitudinal research designs.

Simulation of HIV Infection Propagation Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Tirado-Ramos ◽  
Chris Kelley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Risk Infection

Simulating the transmission of HIV requires a model framework that can account for the complex nature of HIV transmission. In this paper the authors present the current state of the art for simulating HIV with agent-based models and highlight some of the significant contributions of current research. The authors then propose opportunities for future work including their plan that involves identifying and monitoring high-risk drug users that can potentially initiate high-risk infection propagation networks.

A Framework for Information Systems Integration in Mobile Working Environments

2009 ◽  
pp. 729-755
Author(s):  
Javier García-Guzmán ◽  
María-Isabel Sánchez-Segura ◽  
Antonio de Amescua-Seco ◽  
Mariano Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Information Systems Integration ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mobile Working

This chapter introduces a framework for designing, distributing, and managing mobile applications that uses and updates information coming from different data sources (databases and systems from different organizations) for helping mobile workers to perform their job. A summary of the state of the art in relation to mobile applications integration is presented. Then, the authors describe the appropriate organizational context for applying the integration framework proposed. Next, the framework components and how the framework is use are explained. Finally, the trials performed for testing the mobile applications architecture are discussed, presenting the main conclusions and future work. Furthermore, the authors hope that understanding the concepts related to the integration of mobile applications through the presentation of an integration framework will not only inform researchers of a better design for mobile application architectures, but also assist in the understanding of intricate relationships between the types of functionality required by this kind of systems.

A Framework for Information Systems Integration in Mobile Working Environments

2007 ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
J. García-Guzmán ◽  
M. Sánchez-Segura ◽  
A. Amescua-Seco ◽  
M. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
Information Systems Integration ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Mobile Working

This chapter introduces a framework for designing; distributing; and managing mobile applications that uses and updates information coming from different data sources (databases and systems from different organizations) for helping mobile workers to perform their job. A summary of the state of the art in relation to mobile applications integration is presented. Then; the authors describe the appropriate organizational context for applying the integration framework proposed. Next; the framework components and how the framework is use are explained. Finally; the trials performed for testing the mobile applications architecture are discussed; presenting the main conclusions and future work. Furthermore; the authors hope that understanding the concepts related to the integration of mobile applications through the presentation of an integration framework will not only inform researchers of a better design for mobile application architectures; but also assist in the understanding of intricate relationships between the types of functionality required by this kind of systems.

scholarly journals Adapting to the changing needs of managing innovative projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Rekonen ◽  
Tua A. Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Front End ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
Task Oriented

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the changes in managerial activities and challenges at different phases of innovative projects. Design/methodology/approach – Six NPD project managers were interviewed in three different project phases in a qualitative, longitudinal design. The resulting 18 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were content analyzed and categorized according to thematic similarity. Findings – Altogether 19 categories describing managerial concerns in managing innovative projects were recognized. Task-oriented, rather than people-oriented, approaches were dominant throughout the projects, although the reported concerns clearly varied at each phase. The early development phase emerged as a transition point, where managers had to transform their roles, reported activities decreased, and reported challenges increased. Research limitations/implications – Although based on a small number of participants in a single setting, the results highlight the need for longitudinal studies and differentiating between the various phases of the innovation process, as there was great variance in the concerns of each phase. Furthermore, domain expertise seemed to have a large impact on how the managers reformulated their role in transitioning from the front-end to the development phases. Practical implications – The present study emphasizes the need to support managers in transitioning between different innovation phases and to recognize the need to adjust managerial roles. Further, it seemed crucial to establish the practices supporting successful teamwork in the front-end phase before the first phase transition. Originality/value – The study is a rare example of a longitudinal research design examining the implications and transition between different phases of the innovation process within the same projects for project managers.

scholarly journals A Metadata and Z Score-based Load-Shedding Technique in IoT-based Data Collection Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Mario José Diván ◽  
María Laura Sánchez-Reynoso
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Stream Processing ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Real Time Data Processing ◽  
Future Work

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has emerged as an alternative to communicate different pieces of technology to foster the distributed data collection. The measurement projects and the Real-time data processing are articulated to take advantage of this environment, fostering a sustainable data-driven decision making. The Data Stream Processing Strategy (DSPS) is a Stream Processing Engine focused on measurement projects, where each concept is previously agreed through a measurement framework. The Measurement Adapter (MA) is a component whose responsibility is to pair each metric’s definition from the measurement project with data sensors to transmit data (i.e., measures) with metadata (i.e., tags indicating the data meaning) together. The Gathering Function (GF) receives and derivates data for its processing from each MA, while it implements load-shedding (LS) techniques based on Metadata to avoid a processing collapse when all MAs informs jointly and frequently. Here, a Metadata and Z-score based load-shedding technique implemented locally in the MA is proposed. Thus, the load-shedding is located at the same data source to avoid data transmission and saving resources. Also, an incremental estimation of average, deviations, covariance, and correlations are implemented and employed to calculate the Z-scores and to data retain/discard selectively. Four simulations discrete were designed and performed to analyze the proposal. Results indicate that the local LS required only 24% of the original data transmissions, a minimum of 18.61 ms as the data lifespan, while it consumes 890.26 KB. As future work, other kinds of dependencies analysis will be analyzed to provide local alternatives to LS.

scholarly journals The postdigital turn: Philosophy, education, research

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110627
Author(s):  
Petar Jandrić ◽  
Jeremy Knox
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Digital Physics ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scientific Fields

This article develops a post-determinist and a post-instrumentalist understanding of education and educational research through the lens of postdigital theory. We begin with historicizing current postdigital research by showing its intellectual ancestry and recognizing its rapidly changing nature. We move on to current state of the art, which we present in three wide themes. The first theme is the great convergence of various lower-level techno-scientific convergences, such as analogue–digital, physics–biology, and biology–information, which results in new epistemologies, ontologies and practices. The second theme is some consequences of the great convergence for education and pedagogy, which result in new postdigital ecopedagogies. The third theme is postdigital research, which is reconfigured by the great convergence towards a closer collaboration between traditional scientific fields and disciplines. We briefly outline four such reconfigurations (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, and antidisciplinarity) and their implications. The article concludes with a brief list of directions for future work in the field.

scholarly journals Resilience in children: the nature and the importance of the concept

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emory L. Cowen ◽  
Peter A. Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Wellness Enhancement ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Child Resilience

Considers the meaning of the term childhood resilience and the importance ofits place in the fields of developmental psychopathology and wellness enhancement. Reviews several major longitudinal research projects on childhood resilience that have contributed significantly to the field's emergence and presents more detailed information on the Rochester Child Resilience Project (RCRP). A final section summarizes accomplishments in resilience research to date, and identifies needed foci for future work in this area.

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