The expectation marker of course in a cross-linguistic perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen ◽  
Karin Aijmer
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Explanatory Account ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Multilingual Corpus ◽  
Core Meaning

The study of of course presented in this article has an applied, a descriptive and a theoretical aim. Since of course proves to be very frequent in English, learners will need to know what meanings the item has and in what pragmatic contexts it is used. It has indeed been shown that some learners tend to use of course in contexts where it is felt by native speakers to be inappropriate. In order to explain such inappropriate uses we need detailed descriptions of the semantics and pragmatics of of course. From a theoretical point of view such multifunctional items raise the question of whether semantic polysemy or pragmatic polysemy is the best explanatory account. It is argued in this paper that empirical cross-linguistic work can contribute to providing answers to all three research questions. First, the study of correspondences and differences between languages with regard to the meanings and uses of pragmatic markers is a necessary step in the explanation of learner problems. Second, the bidirectional approach to equivalents, which involves going back and forth from sources to translations, enables us to show to what extent the equivalents have partially overlapping pragmatic functions. An in-depth comparison of the semantic fields in which the translation equivalents operate is the ultimate goal. Third, the translation method helps to see to what extent a core meaning account is justified. In this paper three languages are brought into the picture, viz. English, Swedish and Dutch. The cross-linguistic data have been gathered from three translation corpora, i.e. the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus, the Oslo Multilingual Corpus and the Namur Triptic Corpus.

Modified Numerals

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Rick Nouwen ◽  
Stavroula Alexandropoulou ◽  
Yaron McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Linguistic Context ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Modified Numerals ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This chapter discusses the use of experimental methods for probing the semantics and pragmatics of numeral modification. Modified numerals, like ‘at least 3’ or ‘more than 2’, are interesting from a theoretical point of view because they give rise to a range of implicature-like inferences depending on the form of the modifier and the immediate linguistic context. The chapter discusses both studies that aim to counter or support existing theoretical proposals in the literature and studies that bring in entirely new theoretical issues. It also reflects on methodological issues in this area.

THE SENSE OF CONCEPT IN MODERN LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
GULNARA SH. PAVLOVA ◽  
◽  
EKATERINA V. VARLAMOVA ◽  
ALYONA O. BEGININA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Affective Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

The analysis of existing approaches to the concept description in modern linguistics is carried out. The research is based on the scientific works of modern linguists dealing with cognitive linguistics, semantics and pragmatics: A. A. Zalevskaya (2001), V. I. Karasik (2002, 2007, 2019), Z. D. Arutyunov (1999), V. A. Maslov (2007), Y. S. Stepanov (2007). The versatility of the concept noted by the linguists requires a more detailed consideration of approaches to its description. The article discusses two positions in the study of the concept - cognitive and lingua-cultural. Terminological differences of term ‘concept’ are given from the point of view of several representatives of the observed linguistic schools. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition. The concept as a mental category embodies the linguistic and cultural connection of a person's ideas about the world around them - "a clot of culture in the mind". Representatives of cognitive linguistics consider the concept as the result of conscious activity of the speaker, behind which the meanings of native speakers of a particular language are hidden. Psycholinguists interpret the concept as a basic perceptual-cognitive-affective education, which serves as an indicator of a person's mental life. Representatives of the lingua-cultural direction distinguish several features in the concept. First, the value characteristics are expressed in the meaning - "cultural saturation of the concept". Secondly, conceptual properties are represented in the meaning of "mental education". Thirdly, the figurative components of the concept serve its operation in various activities. The multilayered nature of the concept is a subject to abstract modeling, which is used in applied research in linguistics, synchronous comparative studies, confrontational and comparative- typological linguistics. The concept as a unit of meaning is represented as an abstract category that is implemented in language tools and images. Cultural linguistics examines the structure of the concept from the standpoint of three components - conceptual, figurative and axiological (evaluative). The content of the concept can be furtherly investigated in accordance with the field principle - the core (information content), the near periphery (metaphorical interpretation and value features) and the far periphery (infrequent functioning of features).

Politeness Strategies and Second Language Acquisition

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Tanaka ◽  
Saiki Kawade
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Nonnative Speakers Of English

The two studies reported here investigated the notion ofpolitenessas perceived by native speakers of English and advanced learners of English. The questions which concerned us included: (1) Are native speakers of English really aware of the varying degree of politeness conveyed by a given English sentence?; (2) Is there a high correlation between native speakers of English and advanced learners of English in their politeness judgements?; (3) Do native speakers of English really use different politeness strategies in different situations?; (4) Is there a high correlation between native and nonnative speakers of English in the use of politeness strategies? From a theoretical point of view, Study I was concerned with Lakoff's (1973b) claim that politeness increases with decreasing imposition; Study II was concerned with the distance-politeness hypothesis which predicts that one will use polite strategies in situations where he perceives himself as psychological and/or socially distant from his addresee. From a pedagogical point of view, the comparison of the two studies here suggested that the learner's ability ofjudgingpoliteness in the target language does not necessarily mean that he canusepoliteness strategies appropriately in actual communication situations.

Modularity in SLA

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 89-120
Author(s):  
Maja Miličević
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Innate Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relevant Factors

This paper reports on a study of the acquisition of reflexive and reciprocal forms in L2 Italian from the point of view of their argument structure. The results are interpreted with respect to the debate about whether transfer is monolithic (Schwartz and Sprouse 1996, Whong-Barr 2005) or modular (Montrul 1997), considering at the same time other relevant factors — innate mechanisms and L2 input. On the basis of the acceptability judgements of Serbian and English learners, compared to native speakers of Italian, it is argued that a modular approach is more realistic, as different types of transfer were identified for morphology (direct transfer of L1 marking) and argument structure (indirect influence of L1 general properties). Possible reliance on innate knowledge was detected at the argument structure level, while the input (examined through a corpus study) was found to influence both domains in different ways. It is also suggested that the three factors should be looked at jointly rather than in isolation.

Pragmaticalisation et polysémie de la particule așa du roumain contemporain. Une perspective typologique et contrastive

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-366
Author(s):  
Cecilia Mihaela Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Item ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Abstract Content ◽  
Core Meaning ◽  
Modal Adverbs

"Pragmaticalization and Polysemy of the Particle așa in Contemporary Romanian Language. A Typological and Contrastive Approach. This article pursues the series of studies we have previously devoted to the pragmaticalization and discursive functioning of (spatial, temporal or modal) adverbs in contemporary Romanian language (atunci, altfel, de altfel, apoi, etc.). This time, our approach aims at outlining the discursive status of the particle așa in contemporary Romanian, in order to emphasize that this lexical item frequently acquires – by itself or in more or less fixed, lexicalized expressions – complex pragmatic and discursive values, often hard to distinguish from one another. This semantic-pragmatic behaviour (which, surprisingly, has not been extensively debated by Romanian linguists) could be explained, from our point of view, by the fact that the deictic and anaphoric core meaning of this lexical item has a much wider abstract content than the temporal or spatial adverbs we have previously analysed, as such a meaning often needs, in the communicative process, a non-verbal informative “addition” (frequently, an indicative gesture). Thus, this core meaning is the one that allows and favours the numerous discursive-pragmatic values of the analysed particle in contemporary Romanian. Keywords: Romanian particle așa, pragmaticalization, discursive and/or pragmatic markers, intradiscursive and interdiscursive analysis"

Timber Auctions in the Context of the Modern Auction Theory

2007 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
A. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Auction Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
English Auction ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation

The article provides theoretical analysis and evaluation of the timber auctions reforms in Russia. The author shows that the mechanism of the "combined auctions", which functioned until recently, is more appropriate from the theoretical point of view (and from the point of view of the Russian practice) as compared to the officially approved format of the English auction.

A novel cryptosystem based on abstract automata and Latin cubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Pál Dömösi ◽  
Géza Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Automata Network ◽  
Fully Functioning

In this paper we introduce a novel block cipher based on the composition of abstract finite automata and Latin cubes. For information encryption and decryption the apparatus uses the same secret keys, which consist of key-automata based on composition of abstract finite automata such that the transition matrices of the component automata form Latin cubes. The aim of the paper is to show the essence of our algorithms not only for specialists working in compositions of abstract automata but also for all researchers interested in cryptosystems. Therefore, automata theoretical background of our results is not emphasized. The introduced cryptosystem is important also from a theoretical point of view, because it is the first fully functioning block cipher based on automata network.

Graffiti als Version und Subversion–Praxen kultureller Re-Regulierung und die Möglichkeit von Gratiforschung

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Dollinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Multiple Perspectives

Der Beitrag geht von Versuchen aus, integrative Perspektiven einer überaus heterogenen Graffitiforschung zu bestimmen. In Auseinandersetzung insbesondere mit Bruno Latours Ansatz des »Iconoclash« wird eine kulturtheoretische Referenz bestimmt, die Graffiti als Version identifiziert, d. h. als semiotisch orientierte Veränderung räumlich situierter Ordnungs- und Regulierungspraxen. Ihnen kann, wenn auch nicht zwingend, eine subversive Qualität zukommen. Durch die Ausrichtung am Konzept einer Version wird beansprucht, Forderungen einer normativ weitgehend abstinenten, nicht-essentialistischen und für komplexe Fragen der Identitäts- und Raumpolitik offenen Forschungspraxis einzulösen.<br><br>The contribution attempts to integrate multiple perspectives of current largely heterogeneous graffiti scholarship. Referring to Bruno Latour’s concept »iconoclash«, we discuss graffiti from a cultural-theoretical point of view as a »version«. It appears as a semiotically oriented modification of spatially situated practices that regulate social life. Often, but not necessarily, these practices involve subversive qualities. The concept of »version« facilitates a non-normative and non-essentialist strategy of research. This enables an explorative research practice in which the complex matters of identity and space politics that are associated with graffiti can be addressed.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

scholarly journals How Digital Inclusion Increase Opportunities for Young People: Case of NEETs from Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7894
Author(s):  
Gabriela Neagu ◽  
Muhammet Berigel ◽  
Vladislava Lendzhova
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
High Share

This paper examines the perspectives of rural NEETs in the information society. Our analysis focuses on the situation of three European countries—Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey—characterized by a high share of rural areas and a population of NEETs. From a methodological point of view, we use alternative research methods (secondary data analysis) with statistical methods (simple linear regression). From a theoretical point of view, we will opt for a multidimensional analysis perspective: the theory of digital divide, digital inclusion, virtual mobility, etc. Through data analysis, we expect to obtain a more complete and detailed picture of the ICT situation in rural areas (level of digital skills, level of digital inclusion) to demonstrate the importance of ICT in optimizing virtual mobility for the living conditions of the population, especially the NEET population.

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