Through space, relations, and thoughts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Felipe Guerrero-Beltran ◽  
Katarzyna I. Wojtylak
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systematic Description ◽  
Basic Linguistic Theory ◽  
Cross Reference ◽  
Reference Person

Abstract This paper aims to describe the morphosyntax and semantics of postpositions in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia. The data, collected in the Karijona settlement of Puerto Nare (Colombia), were analyzed according to Basic Linguistic Theory and Cognitive Semantics. Like other Cariban languages, Karijona has a typologically unusual system of postpositions, which can cross-reference person and number, and form complex stems consisting of locative roots and locative suffixes. In terms of their semantics, the system distinguishes among spatial, relational, and ‘mental state’ postpositions. The first type encodes noun classification, orientation, and distance. While the second type has prototypical relational meanings, the third refers to cognitive and emotional states. This paper presents the first systematic description of the Karijona postpositions.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF MEDIA OF ADVERTISEMENTS IN TEACHING SOCIOLINGUISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Vina Fathira
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Gender Concept

The researcher wanted to evaluate the students’ opinion of using media of advertisements in order to get the deep description of the understanding of linguistic theory. Using media of advertisement is one of the techniques in increasing students’ understanding of linguistic matters, especially in teaching sociolinguistics, especially in politeness and gender concept. In digital era, using media of advertisement is familiar media seen by the students that is using gadget actively. The research aims at students’ perception of the use of media of advertisements in teaching sociolinguistics. The descriptive research was employed to this research. A group of students in a classroom using this media of advertisements is the population and the sample of this research. There were 10 students of the third year of STIBA Persada Bunda Pekanbaru through media of advertisement during 2017/2018 academic year. In collecting data, the students were asked to watch two videos from media of advertisements relating to politeness and gender. Then, in analysing data, the researcher used six questions relating to politeness and gender to the students by semi structured interview. The result indicated that most of the students motivated in obtaining information and enjoyed during the learning process and media of advertisement also increased their curiosity in understanding politeness and gender concepts of teaching sociolinguistics.

scholarly journals A Grammatical Description of Leteh Nominal Morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-363
Author(s):  
Mercy Akrofi Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Form Class ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Verbal Prefixes ◽  
Nominal Form ◽  
Basic Linguistic Theory ◽  
Nominal Morphology

Abstract: The paper describes Leteh nominal morphology within the framework of Basic Linguistic Theory (Dixon 2010; Dryer 2006). The nominal morphology is described in the context of two phenomena: number marking and noun classification. Leteh is a South-Guan language from the Niger-Congo family of languages. The morphology of Leteh is largely agglutinative. Güldemann and Fiedler (2019) argue that current analyses of gender systems are heavily influenced by those in Bantu languages and not cross-linguistically applicable. They propose an alternative analysis that includes the notions agreement class and nominal form class. In this paper I adopt the notion of nominal form class to classify nouns in Leteh. The nouns are grouped into four major classes based on the plural morphemes that they take. These classes are subdivided based on the singular forms with which they are paired. Key words: verbal prefixes, Kwa, tense/ aspect, negation, person, mood, motion Note: Changes were made to the title and abstract of this article after publication, on 9/20/2021.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE MENTAL STATE OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF ONLINE EDUCATION DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2705-2710
Author(s):  
Larysa L. Borysenko ◽  
Larysa V. Korvat ◽  
Olga V. Lovka ◽  
Antonina M. Lovochkina ◽  
Oksana P. Serhieienkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Prolonged Stay

The aim: Exploring the specifics of the underlying mental states of university students in the context of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying their relationship to mental health. Materials and methods: The study of mental states was carried out using three valid methods, namely: a clinical questionnaire for the detection and evaluation of neurotic states (K. Yakhin, D. Mendelevich), a questionnaire for diagnosing the level of social frustration (L. Wasserman, adaptation of V. Bojko), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Ch. Spielberger, adaptation by Yu. Khanin). The author’s questionnaire (L. Borysenko) was used to study the connection between the factors of online learning and emotional states of students. The obtained empirical data were subjected to qualitative and quantitative processing. Results: The analysis of the obtained data allows to state the fact of predominance of high and increased level of situational and personal anxiety in the subjects in the conditions of online learning. In the process of psychodiagnosis of neurotic states, it was found that most students have a level of painful or borderline mental conditions such as anxiety, neurotic depression, asthenia and autonomic disorders. It was found that students have an elevated level and high level of social frustration. The main factors of online learning, which, according to students, cause them to deteriorate mental health are: forced to stay in a confined space, lack of direct social contacts, prolonged stay in a static position, increased study load and volume of tasks, anxiety for academic success and quality professional training, concern for their health and the health of their loved ones. Conclusions: The forced transition to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental state of many students. In most respondents, this manifested itself in increased anxiety, depression, autonomic reactions due to limited opportunities to communicate with teachers and classmates, new learning conditions and increased workload.

scholarly journals Contextualization of the Classic Moral Sentimentalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1Sup1) ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Rarita Mihail
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Moral Sentimentalism ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Moral sentimentalism can be defined as the philosophical theory according to which emotions are the source of our value judgements, in general, and of our moral judgements, in particular. It follows that, from a historical and conceptual point of view, moral sentimentalism has emerged and developed in opposition to moral rationalism, according to which reason allows us to formulate and understand value judgments from a psychological point of view and is also the source of our axiological knowledge from an epistemic point of view. In this article we present the theoretical issues related to the sentimentalist approach to morality and evaluative judgments, starting from the diverse theories of the classical representatives of sentimentalism, Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume and Smith, and especially the three theses they defended: psychological perspective, the theory of moral sense and the theory of moral feelings. I also argue that the first moral sentimentalism emerged from the confrontation of three distinct aporia: the first aporia refers to the conceptualization of emotions and emotional states; the second deals with the possibility of axiological knowledge; and the third refers to the nature and existence of values. Finally, we are interested in the birth of sentimentalism in order to highlight a series of difficulties inherent in this theoretical approach and which we find today in contemporary moral sentimentalism. The aim is to highlight the conceptual and argumentative tensions that were at the heart of sentimentalism at its emergence.

scholarly journals Maternal Anxious Attachment Style is Associated with Reduced Mother-Child Brain-to-Brain Synchrony During Passive TV Viewing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiqah Azhari ◽  
Giulio Gabrieli ◽  
Andrea Bizzego ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein ◽  
Gianluca Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Maternal Anxiety ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Mother And Child

Synchrony in developmental science reflects the coordination of mother and child to the same mental state. Mentalisation processes are influenced by individual attachment styles. A mother with an anxious-related attachment style tends to engage in emotional mentalisation that relies on her child’s social cues. During an everyday joint activity of watching television shows together, we hypothesised that anxiously-attached mothers are less able to match their mental state to characters in the shows as their attention is likely detracted from the show and directed towards the child. We predict that this mismatch in mother’s and child’s emotional states would be reflected in reduced dyadic brain-to-brain synchrony. To test this hypothesis, we profiled mothers’ Maternal Anxiety score using the Preoccupation and Need for Approval subscales of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and used functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning with 33 mother-child dyads to measure prefrontal cortex (PFC) synchrony while the dyads watched three 1-min animation videos together. Greater Maternal Anxiety is associated with less synchrony in the medial right prefrontal cluster implicated in mentalisation processes. Anxiously-attached mothers appear to exhibit less brain-to-brain synchrony with their child which suggests differences in intersubjective shared experiences that potentially undermines the quality of bonding during everyday joint activities.

scholarly journals Assessment of the physical and emotional health concerning the students' physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
Sinziana-Calina SILISTEANU ◽  
Andrei Emanuel SILISTEANU ◽  
Oana-Raluca ANTONESCU ◽  
Lavinia Corina DUICA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Third

Introduction. SARS CoV-2 caused the third global pandemic and by applying quarantine / isolation / lockdown, the movement was restricted, the physical contact between people was reduced, the physical activity was low, but the activities using electronic devices at home were frequent. The aim of the study was to assess the physical and emotional health in relation to the physical activities done during quarantine/ isolation during the pandemic. Material and method. The study was cross-sectional and consisted of completing an online questionnaire. It was conducted in a period of 6 months and it included 334 students. In order to point out the symptoms caused by quarantine / isolation/ lockdown, we considered it useful for students to participate by completing an online questionnaire about physical activities, physical health and emotional state, related to the implications of participating in online courses. Results. The questions in this questionnaire were grouped on the following aspects: physical activity, physical health, emotional state, all in the context of the pandemic period, including the period in which the academic activity was online. Thus, in the first year, there is a positive correlation between physical condition, physical activity, emotional signs and cognitive ones. In the second year, the positive correlation is present between the physical and the affective signs, whereas the negative correlation is between the affective signs, the cognitive ones and the physical activity. In the third year, the positive correlation is obvious between the affective signs, the cognitive ones and the physical activity, whereas the negative one between the physical and cognitive signs, as well as between the physical activity and the cognitive and physical signs. Discussions. There is a link between emotional and cognitive symptoms and physical health. Fear, anxiety, behavioral disorders, and limited physical activity among students during this period can be a public health issue. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the physical and mental state, with a greater resonance for youth, especially pupils and students. Many of them had emotional, behavioral, physical and cognitive symptoms. These symptoms are found to a greater extent in students in the final years, due to the social impact, social and professional integration. Keywords: physical health, mental state, students,

scholarly journals The mental state of population of cities and towns during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Edigareva ◽  
◽  
Yuliya Makarevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

In late 2019 - early 2020, the world was faced with a massive infection of COVID-19. The spread of the disease was quite high and affected almost all countries of the world. The infection was transmitted in a severe form, and therefore there were many deaths. Undoubtedly, the situation affected the mental state of people in many regions of the world and our country. Therefore, the aim of our research was to study the mental state of residents of cities and towns during the COVID-19. We assumed that during the spread of COVID-19 across Russia, the indicators of mental states, namely "frustration", "neurotization" and "energy" in cities and towns, will differ. However, the level of "anxiety" will not have significant differences. Particular hypotheses: the level of "frustration" will be higher in big cities, "neurotization" and "energy" will have a higher rate in small towns. The following methods were used in the research: Eysenck H.J. «Scale of mental states, Boyko V.V. «Method of neurotization diagnostics», method "Self-assessment of emotional states" A. Wessman and D. Ricks, nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The research involved 83 people, 44 people lives in large cities, 39 – lives in small, 16 – males, 67 – females. Age: from 13 to 74. According to the results of the work, the hypothesis of the same level of anxiety in both groups was fully confirmed. The differences in the level of frustration and neurotization were not statistically confirmed. The hypothesis of a higher level of "energy" in regions with a small population was partially confirmed.

Time and Modality

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Modal Logic ◽  
Tense Logic ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
Verb Tense ◽  
The Way

This chapter discusses modal logic: the logic of possibility and necessity. After a brief review of modal logic in the second section, the third section presents basic results of propositional tense logic. The fourth section develops a system of quantified tense logic. With these technical preliminaries out of the way, the fifth section explains why tense logic ultimately fails as a linguistic theory of verb tense. The sixth section presents the main objection to tense primitivism: that tense logic has insufficient expressive resources to serve as a metaphysical theory of time. The seventh section argues that the tense primitivist can overcome these problems by treating times as maximally consistent sets of sentences. The eighth section discusses a key difference between time and modality: the lack of a temporal analogue of actualism.

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