Looking at the overlooked: A corpora study of punctuation use in Russian and English1

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-162
Author(s):  
Tatyana Bystrova-Mcintyre
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
English Language ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Style Guides ◽  
Newspaper Editorials

This study was designed to analyze the comparative use of punctuation marks in Russian and English newspaper editorials. The study was conducted using corpora of English-language editorials, taken from the New York Times in 2005, and of Russian-language editorials, taken from Izvestiia in the same year. Results indicated that the comma, colon, and the em-dash were used more often in the Russian corpus. The difference was determined to be statistically significant. The author then compared these results to the results of punctuation use in corpora of Russian and English literary texts. Again these punctuation marks were used more frequently in the Russian literary corpus than in the English one. At the same time, in both the Russian and English literary corpora these marks were used much more frequently than in the corpora of Russian and English editorials. In the second part of the article, the author attempts to isolate the reasons for the discrepancy in use of the colon by examining rules for its use as elaborated in authoritative Russian and English style guides. On the basis of this, the author suggests guidelines for the translation of the colon into English.

LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ABBREVIATIONS IN MODERN ENGLISH NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE AND TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
С.Б. Фомина
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
English Language ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
The Guardian

В статье рассматриваются лексико-семантические характеристики сокращений современного англоязычного газетного дискурса на материале англоязычных электронных изданий The New York Times, The Guardian, Forbes, The Independent, The Telegraph, Sunday-Times, особенности их функционирования. Газетный дискурс представлен как сфера функционирования различных сокращений, а именно контракций, усечений, блендинга, аббревиаций. Предметом выступают сокращенные лексические единицы, их функционирование в современной прессе и стратегии их передачи с английского языка на русский. Обработка фактического материала позволяет произвести количественный анализ лексики и определить наиболее характерный тип аббревиаций для текстов СМИ, определить их функции. Анализ материала позволяет фиксировать тот факт, что среди рассмотренных лексических единиц, именно аббревиатуры преобладают в современном газетном дискурсе, что подтверждает влияние событийности на изменение лексического состава языка и является мощным средством его пополнения. Функционирование образно-оценочных и культурно-маркированных сокращений в газетном дискурсе может как облегчать, так и усложнять восприятие информации. Однако сокращенные лексические единицы содержат широкий информационный потенциал, что позволяет фиксировать основное значение текста в памяти получателя и влияет на восприятие информации в нужном автору направлении. Словарь, включенный в текст, приобретает как информативное, так и эмоционально-оценочное значение. ____________________________ © Фомина С.Б., 2021 The article observes the lexical and semantic characteristics of abbreviations of the modern English-language newspaper discourse based on material of the English-language electronic publications from of The New York Times, The Guardian, Forbes, The Independent, The Telegraph, Sunday-Times, discusses the functioning of abbreviations. Newspaper discourse is presented as the sphere of functioning of various abbreviations, such as contractions, clipping, blending, abbreviations. The subject is abbreviated lexical units, their functioning in the modern press and strategies for their transfer from English into Russian. Factual material analysis allows carrying out a quantitative analysis of the vocabulary and determine the most typical type of abbreviations for media texts, their functions. The analysis of the material proves quantitative superiority of abbreviations that prevail in modern newspaper discourse that confirms the influence of eventfulness on the change in the lexical composition of the language and is a powerful means of replenishing it. The functioning of figurative and evaluative and culturally-marked abbreviations in newspaper discourse facilitates and complicates the perception of information at the same time. However, abbreviated lexical units contain a wide information potential, which allows fixing the main meaning of the text in the receiver's memory and affects the perception of information in the direction the author needs. The vocabulary included in the text acquires informative and emotionally evaluative value as well.

AUTOMATED ANALYSIS OF RHYTHMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RUSSIAN- LITERARY PROSAIC TEXT AS A METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TEXT AFFILIATION TO A LITERARY PERIOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
ELENA I. BOYCHUK ◽  
ELENA V. MISHENKINA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Prose Rhythm ◽  
Literary Period ◽  
Rhythmic Structures

The article analyses the rhythmic characteristics of Russian-language literary texts using the automated PRD (Prose Rhythm Detector) application. The authors consider the main approaches to the periodization of Russian literature of the XIX-XXI centuries in order to determine the affiliation of works to a particular epoch based on the specifics of the text rhythmic structures. The quantitative and statistical methods of the analysis are used.

Functions of Borrowings in the Russian Argot

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Gulnara Lisina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
College Level ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Social Linguistics ◽  
Modern Russian

The article explores and describes the functions of borrowings which, at different time peri-ods, entered the argot of Russian fringe population groups. The main purpose of the study is to present a systematizing critical review of the existing literature on the functions of argot and to describe the characteristic features of borrowed argotisms found in Russian literary texts as well as Russian explanatory, etymological, and foreign word dictionaries. The author uses the methods of description and comparison, the comparative method, and the opposition method. Since the general criminal argot, the specialized argot, and the prison argot are rich in their forms and functionality, they perform a number of important tasks, and gradually pene-trate into literary speech. Thus a careful study of their functions helps to explain some of the linguistic realities of the modern Russian language and throws a fresh light on the psychology of native Russian speakers. After analyzing a diverse body of sources, the author identifies sixteen separate functions of borrowed words that are common for the general, specialized, and prison argot, namely: service, secret, identification, nominative, worldview, expressive, utilitarian, communicative, signaling, magic, pseudo-aesthetic, agitation, and game function as well as the function of gender determinism, the function of intimidation, and, finally the function of stylistic characterization of literary characters through their speech. The results of the research can be used in college-level courses of modern Russian for law and language students, in special courses in social linguistics and cultural studies as well as in language and public speaking courses in schools and universities.

scholarly journals lexical Means of Language Personality (Based on the Material of Speeches by American Politicians)

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Irina Sergeevna Golovanova ◽  
Elena Valerevna Bolotova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Political Life ◽  
World Language ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Guardian

The authors of the article outline that in modern linguistics, the role of human character in language and speech is studied, new concepts such as the conceptual picture of the world, language portrait, speech portrait, the ratio of language and speech, etc. are defined. The relevance of the article is presented in the linguistic description of the speeches by politicians of the Republican party in connection with the increased international interest in political life. The language features of speeches by American politicians are reviewed. The goal-directed factor of the research is to determine the lexical features of political speeches that characterize representatives of the Republican party as well-known political figures. Methods. Accordingly, the description of the lexicon of politicians, which acts as a lexical analysis in this work, is the main method of research, which is inextricably linked with semantic analysis. The language base for the research is English-language publications, such as The Guardian, the Washington Post, and the New York Times. The results of the study are associated with the identification of words used in political speeches that show the attitude of Republicans to the needs and values of American society, special abbreviations, expressions related to political, military, and social spheres of activity. It is concluded that the lexical and semantic characteristics influence the formation of ideas about the communicative and personal qualities of politicians.

scholarly journals Media Ownership and Bias: Evidence by the Washington Post’s Reporting after Amazon’s Acquisition in 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyi Jin ◽  
Altynay Abilgaziyeva ◽  
Tsz Ting Lam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Media Ownership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Publication Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of ownership change on media coverage by investigating the impact of Jeff Bezos's (Amazon's owner) purchase of the Washington Post (WP) in October 2013. We collect all articles that have Amazon mentions published by WP and the New York Times (NYT) for 12 months before and 12 months after the acquisition. Then, we use the difference-in-differences method to compare changes in sentiment, length, and time of publication of the articles reported by WP compared to NYT. From the comparison, we show that Amazon's acquisition has posed a certain extent of influence on the publication time of the articles. Our findings highlight that ownership change limits the media's ability to fulfill its role as a watchdog without interference. 

scholarly journals THE NEW YORK TIMES AND CHINA DAILY ONLINE – LINGUISTIC COMPLEXITY IN NEWS HEADLINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujun Wan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Online News ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
China Daily

News headlines play an important role in attracting readers’ attention. By comparing 200 online news headlines collected from the New York Times and China Daily online, this paper aims at finding out the difference in linguistic complexity of English online news headlines in a native English speaking country and a non native English speaking country. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0710/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The MAD Nuclear Policy

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Paul Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuclear Policy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

What are the imperatives for strategic thinking for the seventies? At the beginning of the seventies the United States adheres even more firmly to a policy of minimum or finite deterrence. Our power at all other levels of war and deterrence is increasingly challenged or outstripped. Even the possible vulnerability of our nuclear forces is tolerated for the sake of strategic disarmament treaties to come. It is difficult to tell the difference, for example, between editorials on strategic questions in the New York Times over the past two or three years and Dulles's “more bang for a buck” policy. The upshot seems clearly to be a i greater reliance on the most politically immoral nuclear posture imaginable, namely, Mutual Assured Destruction.

The Politics of Agriculture: Identity and Socialist Sentiment in Bulgaria

Slavic Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald W. Creed
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
English Language ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
East European ◽  
Socialist Government

When Bulgarians elected a parliament dominated by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) in their first, free postcommunist election, they were considered the mavericks of eastern Europe. As Misha Glenny critically points out, “Bulgaria bucks the trend” was a recurrent phrase in English-language reports of the 1990 contest. But four years later, after an intervening non-socialist government, a second socialist victory seemed to be following trends set in Lithuania, Hungary and Poland. In a front-page article in The New York Times several months before Bulgaria's 1994 election, the east European trend towards embracing ex-communists is described as beginning in Lithuania, with no mention of Bulgaria's earlier socialist victory and its continual socialist electoral strength. Then, following the election, the Washington Post reported that the results “brought the fourth former Communist Party to power in Eastern Europe, after Hungary, Poland and Lithuania.“

scholarly journals Hedging and Boosting the Rhetorical Structure of English Newspaper Editorials

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Sahar Zarza
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
View Point ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Rhetorical Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Newspaper Editorials

To present the official position of newspapers effectively to the public, the editors’ awareness of the rhetorical structure and linguistic elements employed in editorials is essential. Yet, no studies have explored the use of hedges and boosters in each rhetorical move of the editorials. To realize the objectives, 240 editorials published in the New York Times (NYT) and New Straits Times (NST) were analyzed at both macro and micro levels. The results revealed that both types of newspapers prefer the use of hedges to boosters in editorials. Furthermore, it was revealed that hedges in the NYT editorials were less frequent than their Malaysian counterpart, while boosters in the NYT were more frequently used than in the NST. This reveals that it is a convention in editorials to be tentative in expressing their view point, while in comparison NYT seems to be more bold, and certain in expressing its stance than NST that is more tentative. In addition, in the NYT hedges and boosters were predominantly found in the third move (Justifying or refuting events) while in the NST they were found in the last move (Articulating position). This distribution could be due to the communicative purpose of each move.

scholarly journals Discourse Markers in Arabic and English Newspaper Articles: The Case of the Arabic Lakin and its English equivalent But

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Nasser Alsager ◽  
Naeem Afzal ◽  
Arwa Abdulaziz Aldawood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Discourse markers, as words or phrases, play a significant role in promoting coherent segments of discourse. This paper investigates the use of discourse markers (DMs) in newspaper articles. By applying Fraser’s framework, this study aims at investigating the functions and positions of DM but (English) and its equivalent lakin (Arabic) in newspaper articles written by native and non-native speakers of English and Saudi and Egyptian speakers of Arabic. It also highlights the similarities and differences in the functions and positions of DMs but and lakin. This quantitative study adopts a corpus-based approach. The data consist of articles collected from 12 newspapers categorized as: Arabic language newspapers published in Saudi Arabia (Alriyadh, Al Jazirah, Al-Hayat) and Egypt (Al-Ahram, Al-Gomhuria, Eltahrir) and English language newspapers published in Saudi Arabia (Arab News, Saudi Gazette, Asharq Al-Awsat) and the USA (Washington Post, The New York Times, USA TODAY). Findings demonstrate, first, that DM but is used frequently as a confirmation or addition marker by both native and non-native speakers. However, second, lakin, functions as the primary correction DM in standard Arabic. Moreover, third, the native Arabic speakers mostly share the same functions of using lakin despite different dialects they have. This study also reveals that lakin can be found only in the medial position, whereas, but is found in the initial and medial position. It concludes that DMs but and lakin evidence that functions of DMs proposed by Fraser are universal and they could be generalized.

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