Kinderliteratuur als Knooppunt

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Marianne Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
New Information ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

The results of the pilot study reported on in this article indicate that the combination of children's books supplementary to the biology lessons does not diminish reading-achieve-ment test scores, and that there seems to be an advantage in domain-specific word knowledge. For 14 weeks, the time normally spent on unsustained silent reading in class was filled in by reading on particular subjects that were being discussed in biology lessons. The basic research assumption was that reading various texts on the same subject would not only positively affect the children's knowledge about this subject but would also improve their reading skills and their attitudes towards reading. The experimental group scored significandy better than their peer group on a domain-specific vocabulary test. This indicates that the books were used as stepping stones for building mental knowledge structures. Tests with respect to the other variables such as reading skills yielded no significant differences between the groups. However, post-hoc analysis showed an advantage for pupils from the lower social groups. Their attitude towards reading impro-ved considerably, in which respect they differed significandy from their peers. The results seem to confirm the ideas expressed in the international literature about content area reading and in aspects of schema theory. By reading the books in combination with the biology lessons, certain schemata could be activated which enable the pupils better to understand the new information and store it firmly in their memory. The redundancy of important words appearing in various contexts is a determinant of word knowledge.

Some of Frontiers Education Articles: Around First to Eleven December 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
thobias sarbunan
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
General Point ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Better Than

The research pathway is also an important point to lead researchers in creating and enriching knowledge from a fresh viewpoint, as wellas development for the human race. The frontier is the publishing house of a publication that has established information along with the'other agent' of knowledge around the globe. As a result, one of the sub-journals of this publication was education, expanded awarenesstime by time, by new information on innovation in science and technology. In the meantime, the pandemic, better than the science society,has alerted to the current developments in science aimed at strengthening and gaining some insight and awareness of how to maintainthe 'mode of knowledge creation'. So, through this discussion of the current edition of Frontier Education Journals, I thought that thisdiscussion theoretically involved encouragement and advancement in the middle of the pandemic, also influenced from a general point ofview, here as roadmap or step-stone for all research and innovation researchers. On the basis of the discussion in general, I saw that theroad map of the topic of frontier education is in significance to all branches of expertise of education. I agree that knowledge developmenttime-by-time needs to be reflected-analysed-synthesized-adopted or adapted-also developed for the purpose of education in addition tolearning from a general viewpoint. Note, knowledge is never-never sleeping tight, but it still evolves and progresses a long period with thenewest scientific ideas-concept-and hypothesis. In the other hand, it is possible that my study would miss a range of weaknesses inliteracy resources as well; but at least, I have sought, through this article, to see the importance of knowledge advancement that can enrichknowledge in the middle of the pandemic and for future studies.

pLoc_bal-mPlant: Predict Subcellular Localization of Plant Proteins by General PseAAC and Balancing Training Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 4013-4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
Xuan Xiao ◽  
Kuo-Chen Chou
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Protein Subcellular Localization ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Better Than

Knowledge of protein subcellular localization is vitally important for both basic research and drug development. With the avalanche of protein sequences emerging in the post-genomic age, it is highly desired to develop computational tools for timely and effectively identifying their subcellular localization based on the sequence information alone. Recently, a predictor called “pLoc-mPlant” was developed for identifying the subcellular localization of plant proteins. Its performance is overwhelmingly better than that of the other predictors for the same purpose, particularly in dealing with multi-label systems in which some proteins, called “multiplex proteins”, may simultaneously occur in two or more subcellular locations. Although it is indeed a very powerful predictor, more efforts are definitely needed to further improve it. This is because pLoc-mPlant was trained by an extremely skewed dataset in which some subsets (i.e., the protein numbers for some subcellular locations) were more than 10 times larger than the others. Accordingly, it cannot avoid the biased consequence caused by such an uneven training dataset. To overcome such biased consequence, we have developed a new and bias-free predictor called pLoc_bal-mPlant by balancing the training dataset. Cross-validation tests on exactly the same experimentconfirmed dataset have indicated that the proposed new predictor is remarkably superior to pLoc-mPlant, the existing state-of-the-art predictor in identifying the subcellular localization of plant proteins. To maximize the convenience for the majority of experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_bal-mPlant/, by which users can easily get their desired results without the need to go through the detailed mathematics.

pLoc_bal-mEuk: Predict Subcellular Localization of Eukaryotic Proteins by General PseAAC and Quasi-balancing Training Dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Chen Chou ◽  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
Xuan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Eukaryotic Proteins ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Better Than

<P>Background/Objective: Information of protein subcellular localization is crucially important for both basic research and drug development. With the explosive growth of protein sequences discovered in the post-genomic age, it is highly demanded to develop powerful bioinformatics tools for timely and effectively identifying their subcellular localization purely based on the sequence information alone. Recently, a predictor called “pLoc-mEuk” was developed for identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. Its performance is overwhelmingly better than that of the other predictors for the same purpose, particularly in dealing with multi-label systems where many proteins, called “multiplex proteins”, may simultaneously occur in two or more subcellular locations. Although it is indeed a very powerful predictor, more efforts are definitely needed to further improve it. This is because pLoc-mEuk was trained by an extremely skewed dataset where some subset was about 200 times the size of the other subsets. Accordingly, it cannot avoid the biased consequence caused by such an uneven training dataset. </P><P> Methods: To alleviate such bias, we have developed a new predictor called pLoc_bal-mEuk by quasi-balancing the training dataset. Cross-validation tests on exactly the same experimentconfirmed dataset have indicated that the proposed new predictor is remarkably superior to pLocmEuk, the existing state-of-the-art predictor in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins. It has not escaped our notice that the quasi-balancing treatment can also be used to deal with many other biological systems. </P><P> Results: To maximize the convenience for most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc_bal-mEuk/. </P><P> Conclusion: It is anticipated that the pLoc_bal-Euk predictor holds very high potential to become a useful high throughput tool in identifying the subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins, particularly for finding multi-target drugs that is currently a very hot trend trend in drug development.</P>

scholarly journals Distress disclosure and psychological Distress among men: the role of feeling understood and loneliness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian TaeHyuk Keum ◽  
John L. Oliffe ◽  
Simon M. Rice ◽  
David Kealy ◽  
Zac E. Seidler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Asian Men ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Distress Disclosure ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe examined whether men’s distress disclosure would be indirectly associated with psychological distress through feeling understood by others and loneliness as serial or parallel mediators. We conducted path analyses (N = 1827 adult men; mean 37.53 years, SD = 14.14) to test the mediators while controlling for race/ethnicity. Post-hoc multi-group analysis was conducted to examine differences across White and Asian men. The serial mediation model fit the data better than the parallel mediation model. Controlling for race/ethnicity, a significant partial indirect association was found between greater distress disclosure and lower psychological distress through greater feelings of being understood and lower feelings of loneliness. Post-hoc multi-group analysis suggested that the hypothesized paths fit equivalently across White and Asian men, and the direct effect was not significant for Asian men. Our hypothesized serial model also fit the data significantly better than alternative models with distress and the mediators predicting disclosure. Distress disclosure may be a socially conducive strategy for men to feel understood and socially connected, a process that may be associated with lower psychological distress.

Remembering the News: Effects of Medium and Message Discrepancy on News Recall over Time

1995 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Associative Memory ◽  
News Media ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
News Stories ◽  
New Information ◽  
News Effects ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

This article suggests a theoretical explanation of the processes related to recall and learning of media news information. It does so by linking the concepts of schematic thinking and the Search of Associative Memory (SAM) to the variable of time. It argues that learning from the news may be better than many recent studies suggest. Although humans may have trouble recalling discrete news stories in recall examinations, it seems likely that they acquire “common knowledge” from the news media. Time is an important variable in helping people to remember news if they use it to think about new information in the context of previously stored knowledge.

scholarly journals Which Test of Divergent Thinking Is Best?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Runco ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdulla ◽  
Sue Hyeon Paek ◽  
Fatima A. Al-Jasim ◽  
Hanadi N. Alsuwaidi
Keyword(s):  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Problem Generation ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Realistic Problem ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDivergent thinking (DT) tests are probably the most commonly used measures of creative potential. Several extensive batteries are available but most research relies on one or two specific tests rather than a complete battery. This may limit generalizations because tests of DT are not equivalent. They are not always highly inter-correlated. Additionally, some DT tests appear to be better than others at eliciting originality. This is critical because originality is vital for creativity. The primary purpose of the present study was to determine which test of DT elicits the most originality. Seven measures of DTwere administered on a sample of 611 participants in eight Arabic countries. The tests were Figural, Titles, Realistic Presented Problems, Realistic Problem Generation, Instances, Uses, and Similarities. The Quick Test of Convergent Thinking, Runco’s Ideational Behavior Scale, and a demographic questionnaire were also administered. A linear mixed model analysis confirmed that the originality scores in the DT tests differed by test. Post-hoc tests indicated that the Titles and Realistic Problem Generation tests produced the highest mean originality scores, whereas the Realistic Presented Problems test produced the lowest mean originality scores. These differences confirm that research using only one DT test will not provide generalizable results.

scholarly journals Developing Deep Understanding and Literacy while Addressing a Gender-Based Literacy Gap

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Sun ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Marlene Scardamalia
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Literacy Gap ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Vocabulary Growth ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Better Than

Online discourse from a class of 22 students (11 boys and 11 girls) was analysed to assess advances in conceptual understanding and literacy. The students worked over a two-year period (Grades 3-4), during which they contributed notes to an online Knowledge Building environment—Knowledge Forum®. Contributions revealed that both boys and girls produced a substantial amount of text and graphics, and that their written texts incorporated an increasing proportion of less-frequent, advanced words, including academic vocabulary and domain-specific words from grade levels higher than their own. Brief accounts of classroom discourse indicate how deep understanding and vocabulary growth mutually support each other in online and offline exchanges. The gender differences that were observed show boys doing slightly better than girls, suggesting that Knowledge Building has the potential to help boys overcome weaknesses in literacy.

scholarly journals Warning ‘Don't spread’ versus ‘Don't be a spreader’ to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 200793
Author(s):  
Fumiya Yonemitsu ◽  
Ayumi Ikeda ◽  
Naoto Yoshimura ◽  
Kaito Takashima ◽  
Yuki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is threatening not only health but also life worldwide. It is important to encourage citizens to voluntarily practise infection-prevention (IP) behaviours such as social distancing and self-restraint. Previous research on social cognition suggested that emphasizing self-identity is key to changing a person's behaviour. The present study investigated whether reminders that highlight self-identity would be effective in changing intention and behaviour related to the COVID-19 outbreak, and hypothesized that those who read reminders highlighting self-identity (Don't be a spreader) would change IP intention and behaviour better than those who read ‘Don't spread’ or no reminder. We conducted a two-wave survey of the same participants with a one-week interval, during which we assigned one of three reminder conditions to the participants: ‘Don't spread’ (spreading condition), ‘Don't be a spreader’ (spreader condition) and no reminder (control condition). Participants marked their responses to IP intentions and actual behaviours each week based on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare guidelines. While the results did not show significant differences between the conditions, the post hoc analyses showed significant equivalence in either IP intentions or behavioural scores. We discussed the results from the perspective of the effect size, ceiling effects and ways of manipulation checks as future methods with more effective persuasive messaging. Following in-principle acceptance, the approved Stage 1 version of this manuscript was pre-registered on the OSF at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KZ5Y4. This pre-registration was performed prior to data collection and analysis.

Most Any Reason Is Better Than None: Consequences of Implausible Reasons and Warrants in Brief Written Arguments

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Wolfe ◽  
Hongli Gao ◽  
Minhua Wu ◽  
Michael Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Science Majors ◽  
Better Than

Argumentation schema theory guided four experiments on the processing of plausible and implausible reasons and warrant statements testing the hypothesis that most reasons produce greater agreement with claims than when claims are presented without support. Another hypothesis was that leaving warrants unstated often produces greater agreement than when the warrant is made explicit. In Study 1, American participants were more likely to agree with claims after they read arguments than beforehand—even those with implausible reasons and warrants. In Study 2, American history and environmental science majors read brief arguments and agreed more with implausible arguments than claims alone. Study 3, with Chinese participants, replicated some but not all earlier results. In Study 4, with Chinese participants, blatantly false claims supported by bogus reasons yielded marginally greater agreement than unsupported claims. These findings suggest that many people have uncritical argumentation schemata with low support thresholds, making them vulnerable to weak and bogus arguments.

scholarly journals Stepping Stones to Inductive Synthesis of Low-Level Looping Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2362-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Rosin
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
Program Synthesis ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Inductive Synthesis ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Assembly Language Programming ◽  
Algorithmic Form

Inductive program synthesis, from input/output examples, can provide an opportunity to automatically create programs from scratch without presupposing the algorithmic form of the solution. For induction of general programs with loops (as opposed to loop-free programs, or synthesis for domain-specific languages), the state of the art is at the level of introductory programming assignments. Most problems that require algorithmic subtlety, such as fast sorting, have remained out of reach without the benefit of significant problem-specific background knowledge. A key challenge is to identify cues that are available to guide search towards correct looping programs. We present MAKESPEARE, a simple delayed-acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples. During search, delayed acceptance bypasses small gains to identify significantly-improved stepping stone programs that tend to generalize and enable further progress. The method performs well on a set of established benchmarks, and succeeds on the previously unsolved “Collatz Numbers” program synthesis problem. Additional benchmarks include the problem of rapidly sorting integer arrays, in which we observe the emergence of comb sort (a Shell sort variant that is empirically fast). MAKESPEARE has also synthesized a record-setting program on one of the puzzles from the TIS100 assembly language programming game.

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