Estimation of roughage intake in sheep using a known daily intake of a labelled supplement

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elwert ◽  
H. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Matter Basis

AbstractA feeding trial with growing sheep was conducted on mixed roughage-supplement diets, to test whether roughage intake could be estimated from a known intake of a supplement and an alkane-based estimate of the supplement and roughage proportions in the diet (diet composition) without the need for separate dosing with external marker alkanes. Diets consisted of chaffed Trifolium subterraneum hay (SC), or a mix of SC and beeswax-labelled cottonseed meal (CSM) in the proportions of 7: 1, 6: 2, 5: 3 and 4: 4 (air-dry matter basis). Six sheep were given the pure SC diet and three sheep were given each of the mixed diets. Additionally, the CSM was also labelled with octatriacontane (C38) to investigate its use for labelling supplements. Due to unexpectedly low recoveries, C38 was not included in any estimation of diet composition or digestibility.The inclusion of beeswax-labelled CSM in a SC diet resulted in lower faecal alkane recoveries (as proportions of alkane ingested; P ≤ 0·05). Within mixed diets, recoveries decreased significantly with increasing proportion of CSM, but this effect was significant (P < 0·05) only for alkanes consisting of 25, 26, 27 and 29 carbon-atoms. Estimates of diet composition were close to measured values. Daily SC intake and organic matter digestibility (OMD) differed by −3·7 to 7·2% and −2·0 to 5·7% from measured values if a mean faecal recovery, across diets, was applied for each alkane. Accuracy increased greatly if estimates were based upon faecal alkane recoveries for individual diets, instead of mean recoveries across diets (−0·3 to 0·9% and −0·2 to 0·0% for SC intake and OMD, respectively).The results indicate that roughage intake can be estimated from a combination of known supplement intake and an estimate of diet composition, which obviates the need for separate alkane dosing to estimate intake. The method should be applicable in situations in which animals either normally receive supplements (e.g., dairy cows) or could readily be given supplements.

Wartime changes in the winter diet of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
G. H. N. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Products

The general characteristics of a group of thirtynine herds of dairy cows in the Eastern Counties of England, and the method of obtaining information about their diet during the winters 1938–9 to 1942–3 inclusive, are briefly described.The first three winters of the war show a continuous decline in starch equivalent and protein equivalent per cow, followed by a recovery during winter 1942–3.Comparing winter 1942–3 with winter 1938–9: Consumption per cow of concentrates declined by one-third, reductions in proprietary compounds and mixtures and in maize and wheat products being outstanding.The more important increases were in oats, straw and succulent foods, notably mangolds, sugar-beet tops and kale.Hay retained its important place with little overall change; a modest increase in silage was restricted to a few herds.The crude weight of the average daily ration increased from 44 to 61 lb., but its dry matter only from 21·0 to 22·6 lb.The residue: total dry matter less digestible organic matter—increased from 7·2 to 8·4 lb. per cow daily. Reference is made to changes in palatability.

scholarly journals The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 1. Composition of the forages and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
C.J. van der Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

1. Grass from the same sward was ensiled without additive, with 14.6 g formic acid/100 g crude protein or 10.8 g formic acid and 10.6 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein. Similar grass was dried and pelleted. Drying or ensiling with the mixture reduced solubility of N in the preserved grass but formic acid increased it, and ensiling without additive increased it even more. Apparent digestibility of N in the rumen of cows tended to decrease with decrease in solubility. Digestibility in vitro of the mixed diet given to the cows, calculated from digestibility of the separate components, agreed well with the values in vivo for diets with silages, but was high for that with dried grass. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

A comparative study of the feeding value of dried sugar-beet pulp for milk production

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARYTwo 16-week experiments with lactating Ayrshire cows were conducted to study the effect on milk production of replacing barley with dried molassed sugar-beet pulp on an equal dry-matter basis. The cows on all treatments received equal weights of hay, groundnut cake and minerals but the contents of barley and of sugar-beet pulp each varied from 0 to 80% in the different concentrate mixtures. The total daily intake of dry matter expressed as a percentage of live weight averaged 2·64 and 2·72 in the two experiments.The average yield of milk in the two experiments was 18·8 kg/cow per day, and, within each experiment, the mean yields of milk and the contents of solids-not-fat and crude protein were not significantly different on the contrasting feeding treatments. The intake of water was significantly increased as the dried beet pulp replaced the barley but no major changes occurred in the proportions of V.F.A.S in the rumen liquor.It is concluded that barley and dried molassed sugar-beet pulp had the same feeding value on a dry-matter basis when used in the production ration of milking cows. It is suggested that for most purposes barley and dried sugar-beet pulp are interchangeable on an equal weight basis, but for more precise feeding the two feeds should replace each other on an equal dry-weight basis.

The effect of root feeding on the intake and production of dairy cows

1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
A. D. Drysdale ◽  
R. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Made In

SummarySince grassland conservation crops are normally bulky fibrous feeds and often limit the appetite and nutrient intake of dairy cows, a feeding trial was made in which a basal ration of hay and grass silage was compared with similar rations containing roots. Three rations were compared in a 12–week winter feeding trial using twelve Ayrshire cows. Ration A consisted of 8 lb of hay and 65 lb of grass silage daily, whilst rations B and C contained 30 and 60 lb of fodder-beet, respectively, in addition. With all three rations concentrates were given at 3½ lb per 10 lb of milk. The total weights of dry matter consumed per day were 29·1, 32·5 and 35·4 lb, respectively, for rations A, B and C and were significantly different. For every 1 lb of additional fodder-beet dry matter eaten the decline in the amount of basal feeds consumed was 0·45 lb. The largest effect was on the silage which fell from 10·8 lb of silage dry matter per day for ration A to 8·8 lb for ration B and 6·8 lb for ration C.The weight of starch equivalent (S.E.) given per day increased significantly from 18·1 lb for treatment A to 22·2 lb for treatment C, whilst at the same time the total weight of crude fibre and lignin eaten decreased significantly in the rations containing fodder-beet.The mean daily milk yields for rations A, B and C were 37·4, 39·2 and 38·5 lb, respectively, with a response of 0·9 lb milk per 1 lb of extra S.E. given between rations A and B but no further response between rations B and C. The fat percentages of the milk were not significantly different for the three rations whereas the solidsnot-fat (S.N.F.) varied significantly from 8·58% for ration A to 8·77% for ration C— a response of 0·05% S.N.F. for each additional 1 lb of S.E. The change in the S.N.F. was mainly in the protein fraction of the milk. The cows were significantly heavier when on ration C than when on ration A.The effect of feeding roots on the appetite of the cow and on the resulting milk quality, and the problems of growing roots on intensively managed grassland farms are briefly discussed.

MEASUREMENT OF DUODENAL FLOW IN DAIRY COWS BY EITHER TOTAL COLLECTION OR SPOT SAMPLING, USING A SPECIAL CANNULA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ROHR ◽  
M. BRANDT ◽  
P. LEBZIEN ◽  
H. SCHAFFT
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Special Cannula ◽  
Friesian Cows

Duodenal flow as derived from total collection and spot sampling was compared in three Friesian cows, using a re-entrant cannula without transecting the intestine. Cr2O3 was used as a single marker. Small differences in flow of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen indicate that the spot sampling procedure may render valid results. The mean recovery of Cr2O3 was 96.7%. Key words: Cattle, duodenal flow, sampling technique, marker

The effects of grazing intensity on herbage consumption and animal production: IV. An evaluation of two methods for avoiding the rejection of fouled herbage by dairy cows

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Reid ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
J. N. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Pasture Area

SUMMARYFor phase I of a rotational grazing experiment (three grazing cycles; May–July) a group of nine cows (group S) were ‘conditioned’ to eat fouled herbage by being allowed to graze only on slurry-treated pasture (area 1), and two further groups of nine (groups H and C) grazed on an adjacent area (2) of untreated pasture. One-third of area 2 was harrowed after each grazing. During phase II (the fourth grazing cycle; August) group H grazed on the harrowed part and groups S and C grazed on the remainder of area 2. The herbage allowance was 15 kg dry matter per cow per day in phase I and 12 kg in phase II.In phase I, group S cows ate significantly less than groups C and H combined (9·2 v. 10·5 kg organic matter per day), and lost weight (– 0·37 v. + 0–03 kg/day), but their milk yields were not significantly lower (16·1 v.16–6 kg/day). In phase II neither intake nor milk yield differed significantly between the three groups, but group S cows gained weight while the other two groups lost weight.It was concluded that neither conditioning the cows nor harrowing the pasture was an effective means of avoiding rejection of fouled pasture.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suplementasi Lemak Terproteksi Terhadap Konsumsi dan Kecernaan Nutrien Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Pramono ◽  
Aditya Yusuf ◽  
Susi Dwi Widyawati ◽  
Hari Hartadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Breeding Center ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

<span lang="EN">The research aims to evaluate protected fat supplementation to Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle digestibility based on diet digestibility (dry matter and organic matter consumption; dry matter and organic matter digestibility). The reseach was conducted for 12 weeks, at the Breeding Center for Dairy Cattle (BBPTU-SP) Baturraden. The material used is 12 FH dairy cows. The experiment consists of two treatment i.e. P0: basal diet and P1: basal diet + 3% protected fat supplementation. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test analysis. Result showed that fat protected supplementation had no effect on dry matter and organic matter consumption; dry matter and organic matter digestibility.</span>

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of effect of legume type on feed intake among dairy cows fed maize (Zea mays) stover treated with groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and soybean (Glycine max) stover

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 027-035
Author(s):  
Chisowa DM ◽  
Mpofu IDT ◽  
Daura MT ◽  
Syampaku EM
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Supplement Intake

This study evaluated the use of maize, groundnut and soybean stover in cattle feeding. The study assessed the value of upgrading the quality of crop residues. The study involved evaluation of palatability of maize stover improved using urea (U), chopped groundnut stover (cGS), chopped soybean stover (cSS), mineralized groundnut stover solution (mGS) and mineralized soybean stover solution (mSS). In the feeding trial, twelve (12) crossbred dairy cows in their second parity were used as experimental units. A 22 factorial experiment within a Completely Randomised Design (CRD) was used. Maize stover was chopped before being mixed with urea, chopped legume stover and mineralized legume stover solutions. The effect of supplementation using maize stover upgraded with U, cGS, cSS, mGS and mSS was studied for supplement intake levels. Urea Ensilage Treatment (UET) was used as the novel therapy in the study. Both legume type and processing method had influence on supplement intake of maize stover. Groundnut stover had significantly (p˂0.05) higher (0.99kg/day, se=0.04) effect on supplement intake of maize stover than soybean stover(0.83kg/day, se=0.04). The use of mineralized legume stover solution proved significant (p˂0.05) to the use of chopped legume stover in improving the intake of maize stover. Results have indicated that intake was highest (1.01kg/day, s.e=0.04) for mineralised groundnut stover solution and lowest (0.67kg/day, s.e=0.04) for Urea Ensiling Treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Bünemann ◽  
Dirk von Soosten ◽  
Jana Frahm ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Matter Basis

The aim of this study was to evaluate energy metabolism and lipid mobilization via ultrasonic measurements (USM), considering inner fat depots, in lactating dairy cows differing in body condition score (BCS) and fed rations with low (35% at dry matter basis; C35) or high (60% at dry matter basis; C60) concentrate feed proportions postpartum. Sixty pluriparous German Holstein cows were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design from d 42 antepartum (relative to calculated calving) until d 120 postpartum. Animals were divided into a group with a lower (initial BCS = 3.1 ± 0.38 SD; BCSL) and a group with a higher (initial BCS = 3.83 ± 0.41 SD; BCSH) BCS. Due to higher dry matter intake C60 groups reached the positive energy balance earlier, whereas C35 groups had a more pronounced negative energy balance. Although this would suggest a more pronounced mobilization of C35 groups the USM revealed no differences between feeding groups. Differences in BCS between both BCS groups remained almost the same over the trial. This was not reflected in ultrasonic data, as lipid mobilization was higher in higher conditioned cows. These findings demonstrate the extended possibilities of USM to depict metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Katharina Bünemann ◽  
Jana Frahm ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cell Phenotypes ◽  
Matter Basis ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of different concentrate feed proportions in the ration offered to dairy cows post partum with different body condition scores (BCS) before calving. Therefore, 60 pluriparous cows were divided 42 days before expected calving into two groups with a higher or an adequate BCS. After calving, both groups were further subdivided into a group fed a ration with either a low concentrate feed proportion (C, 35% at dry matter basis) or a high (60% at dry matter basis) one. It was hypothesized that different BCS would lead to different reactions concerning varying concentrate feed proportions. Isolated BCS effects were detected in the white blood profile only before calving. Neither low nor high concentrate feed proportions affected hematological, blood immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory markers consistently irrespective of BCS group. It was concluded, that the assessed BCS span covered a range in which the capability of cows to cope with different dietary post partum energy supply remained unchanged.

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