Inulin/oligofructose and anticancer therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S283-S286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Taper ◽  
M. B. Roberfroid
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Cancer Risk Reduction

The results of our investigations indicate that dietary treatment with inulin or oligofructose incorporated in the basal diet for experimental animals: (i) reduced the incidence of mammary tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by methylnitrosourea; (ii) inhibited the growth of transplantable malignant tumors in mice; and (iii) decreased the incidence of lung metastases of a malignant tumor implanted intramuscularily in mice. Moreover, besides such cancer risk reduction effects, the dietary treatment with inulin or oligofructose significantly potentiated the effects of subtherapeutic doses of six different cytotoxic drugs commonly utilized in human cancer treatment. If confirmed, such dietary treatment with inulin or oligofructose potentiating cancer therapy might become an interesting approach to complement classical protocols of human cancer treatment without any additional risk for the patients.

Inhibition of 3'-Methyl-4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Portacaval Shunt

1978 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Fiala ◽  
Babulal Pragani ◽  
Melvin D. Reuber
Keyword(s):  
Large Dose ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Portacaval Shunt ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Functional Deficiency ◽  
Morphologic Changes ◽  
Intact Rats

Adult male Sprague Dawley rats on which end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS) operation was performed did not develop hyperplastic nodules and hepatomas when they were fed 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in semisynthetic basal diet for periods of up to 169 days. In contrast, all the intact rats fed the same diet for only 75 days, developed hyperplastic nodules in the liver. Transferred to normal pellet for another 25 days, hepatomas developed in 100% of these animals. The amount of protein-bond 3'-Me-DAB was found to be much smaller in operated rats than in intact animals. The glutathione (GSH) level in PCS-operated rats was lower than in intact controls. A single large dose of 3'-Me-DAB led to the increase of only about 30% in the concentration of GSH during the period of 24–48 h, compared to the increase of 50–100% in non-operated rats. No clear tendency to a gradual increase in the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was noted in PCS-operated rats during the period of 5% months of 3'-Me-DAB feeding. The increase in GT-ase activity never exceeded 30% above the level of GT-ase in the livers of PCS-operated rats fed basal diet without the carcinogen. This striking inhibition of GT-ase increase induced by 3'-Me-DAB in PCS-operated rats contrasted with an increase of GT-ase activity by 5,000% found in livers of non-operated rats with hyperplastic nodules after 75 days of 3'-Me-DAB feeding and the increase by up to 10,000% in developed hepatomas. These effects and the inhibition of 3'-Me-DAB-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, manifested by lack of preneoplastic morphologic changes and the absence of hepatomas in rats after PCS, can best be explained by functional deficiency of the liver to metabolize the procarcinogen 3'-Me-DAB into an activated carcinogen.

Magnesium deficiency enhances basal glucose disposal in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. E925-E931 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lowney ◽  
T. S. Hannon ◽  
A. D. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Glucose Disposal Rate

To investigate the contribution of hepatic and peripheral tissues to the enhanced glucose disposal rate (Kg) observed in magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed with continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose and three insulin infusion rates, 1, 8, and 16 microU.kg-1.min-1. Moderately Mg-deficient (Mg-, 4.2 microM Mg/g diet) and Mg-adequate (Mg+, 16.7 microM Mg/g diet) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied after 3 wk of dietary treatment. Growth, fasting glucose, and insulin concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. Basal hepatic glucose output (HGO) and glucose disposal (Rd) were increased by 24% in Mg- rats (P < 0.001). After 1 microU insulin.kg-1.min-1 infusion, Rd and the glucose infusion rate that maintained euglycemia were significantly increased in Mg- rats by 24 and 46%, respectively. However, when the increase in Rd above baseline was examined, no significant differences were observed. Therefore, the increased basal glucose disposal observed in Mg- rats may be mediated by noninsulin-dependent mechanisms. Insulin suppression of HGO during 1 microU insulin.kg-1.min-1 infusion was greater in Mg- rats (43%) compared with Mg+ rats (27%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the increased Kg observed in Mg- rats is likely to be caused by an increase in noninsulin-mediated glucose uptake and an enhancement of hepatic insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Rats Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Lilong An ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Oxidative stress is induced by excessive oxidative radicals, which directly react with biomolecules, and damage lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell or organ injury. Supplementation of antioxidants to animals can be an effective way to modulate the antioxidant system. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin, which has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing competency. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with COS alleviates the damage caused by oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON, control group, in which rats were fed a basal diet with normal drinking water; AS, H2O2 group, in which rats were fed the basal diet and 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water; ASC, AS + COS group, in which rats were fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS, and with 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water. In vitro, COS exhibited better radical scavenging capacity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). In vivo, dietary supplementation with COS alleviated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage, evidenced by comparatively increasing activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, and T-AOC, and comparatively decreasing level of MDA in serum, liver, spleen, and kidney. COS also comparatively alleviated the H2O2-induced inflammation. In conclusion, COS supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant capacity in Sprague Dawley rats, which were challenged with H2O2.

Citrus Pectin and Oligofructose Improve Folate Status and Lower Serum Total Homocysteine in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thoma ◽  
Green ◽  
Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Citrus Pectin ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Sulfa Drug ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Homocysteine

Low folate status leads to increased total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, and this has been associated with an increased risk of several diseases. Many colonic bacteria are capable of synthesizing folate, and certain dietary fibers may enhance this effect. We assessed the ability of non-fermentable (cellulose) and fermentable (citrus pectin and oligofructose) fibers to improve folate status and lower tHcy in rats. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a folate-deficient diet with 5% cellulose for four weeks. Rats were then randomly assigned to one of five folate-adequate (400 mug/kg diet) test diets for 24 days. Diets were as follows: Basal; Basal + Sulfa Drug (succinylsulfathiazole); Cellulose; Citrus Pectin; and Oligofructose. High-fiber diets were formulated by diluting the basal diet such that the final diets contained 10% of the added fiber. Twenty-one days later, 3H-r-aminobenzoic acid was injected into the cecum, and rats were terminated three days later. Rats receiving the Citrus Pectin diet had significantly higher plasma (p = 0.011), erythrocyte (p = 0.035), and colonic tissue folate concentrations (p = 0.013) and lower tHcy (p = 0.003) than rats given the Cellulose diet. Rats receiving the Oligofructose had significantly higher plasma folate (p < 0.001) and lower tHcy (p = 0.032) concentrations than rats receiving the Cellulose diet. 3H-folate was detected in the livers of all rats except those receiving Sulfa Drug. Our study indicates that Citrus Pectin and Oligofructose, but not Cellulose, can significantly increase indices of folate status in rats and lower tHcy. It also confirms the ability of the large bowel to absorb folate.

scholarly journals Sodium, potassium and chloride utilization by rats given various inorganic anions

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Kaup ◽  
Alison R. Behling ◽  
J. L. Greger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The purpose of the present studies was to examine the effect of ingestion of sodium and potassium salts of various fixed anions on blood pressure, and to assess interactions among electrolytes. In the first study, Sprague-Dawley rats fed on purified diets supplemented with Na salts of chloride, sulphate, bisulphate, carbonate and bicarbonate for 7 weeks developed higher blood pressures than rats fed on the basal diet. In a second study, rats fed on Na or K salts of HSO4, HCO3 or Cl had higher blood pressures than rats fed on the basal diet. Blood pressure measurements were not correlated with plasma volume, plasma renin activity, or plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations at 7 weeks. Plasma renin activity was depressed in rats fed on supplemental Na and even more in rats fed on supplemental K salts rather than the basal diet. Generally, rats fed on supplemental Na excreted Na in urine and absorbed Na in the gut more efficiently than rats fed on the basal diet or diets supplemented with K, but the anions fed also altered Na absorption and excretion. In a third study, rats fed on diets supplemented with any Cl salt, but especially KCI, absorbed K more efficiently than those fed on the basal diet. In studies 1 and 2, the efficiency of urinary excretion of K was greatest when HCO3 and CO3 salts were fed and least when HSO4 salts were fed. Despite large variations in the efficiency of absorption and excretion of Na and K, tissue levels of the electrolytes remained constant.

scholarly journals Changes in Bowel Microbiota Induced by Feeding Weanlings Resistant Starch Stimulate Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6656-6664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Young ◽  
Nicole C. Roy ◽  
Julian Lee ◽  
Blair Lawley ◽  
Don Otter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Metabolite Profiles

ABSTRACTThe ability to predictably engineer the composition of bowel microbial communities (microbiota) using dietary components is important because of the reported associations of altered microbiota composition with medical conditions. In a synecological study, weanling conventional Sprague-Dawley rats (21 days old) were fed a basal diet (BD) or a diet supplemented with resistant starch (RS) at 5%, 2.5%, or 1.25% for 28 days. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) profiles in the colonic digesta showed that rats fed RS had altered microbiota compositions due to blooms ofBacteroidetesandActinobacteria. The altered microbiota was associated with changes in colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, colonic-tissue gene expression (Gsta2andEla1), and host physiology (serum metabolite profiles and colonic goblet cell numbers). Comparisons between germ-free and conventional rats showed that transcriptional and serum metabolite differences were mediated by the microbiota and were not the direct result of diet composition. Altered transcriptomic and physiological responses may reflect the young host's attempts to maintain homeostasis as a consequence of exposure to a new collection of bacteria and their associated biochemistry.

scholarly journals Dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA alter the free oxylipin profile differently in male and female rat hearts

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Ferdouse ◽  
Shan Leng ◽  
Tanja Winter ◽  
Harold M. Aukema
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
American Institute ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractOxylipins are bioactive lipid mediators synthesised from PUFA. The most well-known oxylipins are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA), and many of them influence cardiac physiology in health and disease. Oxylipins are also formed from other n-3 and n-6 PUFA such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DHA and linoleic acid (LA), but fundamental data on the heart oxylipin profile, and the effect of diet and sex on this profile, are lacking. Therefore, weanling female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were given American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diets modified in oil composition to provide higher levels of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA and LA + ALA, compared with control diets. After 6 weeks, free oxylipins in rat hearts were increased primarily by their precursor PUFA, except for EPA oxylipins, which were increased not only by dietary EPA but also by dietary ALA or DHA. Dietary DHA had a greater effect than ALA or EPA on reducing ARA oxylipins. An exception to the dietary n-3 PUFA-lowering effects on ARA oxylipins was observed for several ARA-derived PG metabolites that were higher in rats given EPA diets. Higher dietary LA increased LA oxylipins, but it had no effect on ARA oxylipins. Overall, heart oxylipins were higher in female rats, but this depended on dietary treatment: the female oxylipin:male oxylipin ratio was higher in rats provided the ALA compared with the DHA diet, with other diet groups having ratios in between. In conclusion, individual PUFA and sex have unique and interactive effects on the rat heart free oxylipin profile.

scholarly journals Dietary Garcinol Attenuates Hepatic Pyruvate and Triglyceride Accumulation by Inhibiting P300/CBP-Associated Factor in Mid-to-Late Pregnant Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilei Yao ◽  
Tongxin Wang ◽  
Jun Xia ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Xinhong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT Background Increased hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis are characteristic of pregnancy. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of garcinol on the amelioration of hepatic pyruvate and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in mid-to-late pregnant rats. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats (aged 9 wk, n = 10/diet) were fed a basal diet (control) or that diet plus garcinol at 100 ppm (Low Gar), 300 ppm (Mid Gar), or 500 ppm (High Gar) for 14 d. The livers were processed for Western blotting analyses and measuring enzymatic activity and pyruvate and TG concentrations. Hepatocytes from other pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were transfected with P300/CBP associating factor (PCAF) short interfering (si)RNAs; hepatocytes from nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with overexpression of PCAF were treated with garcinol (5 μM). The activity and acetylation of upstream stimulatory factor (USF-1) and glycolytic enzymes were analyzed. Results Dietary garcinol significantly decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of hepatic and plasma TG (27.1–45.8%) and total cholesterol (25.3–49.5%), plasma free fatty acids (24.4–37.8%), and hepatic pyruvate (31.5–43.5%) and lactate (33.4–65.7%) in mid-to-late pregnant rats. Garcinol promoted (P < 0.05) antioxidant capacity in the liver and plasma by 27.4–32.1%. Garcinol downregulated (P < 0.05) lipid synthesis-related enzyme expression by 30.6–85.3% and decreased (P < 0.05) glycolytic enzyme activities by 22.5–74.6% and PCAF activity by 18.6–55.4%. Transfection of PCAF siRNAs to hepatocytes of pregnant rats decreased USF-1 and glycolytic enzyme activities by PCAF; garcinol treatment downregulated (P < 0.05) the acetylation and activities of USF-1 and glycolytic enzymes by 35.6–83.7%. Conclusions Garcinol attenuates hepatic pyruvate and TG accumulation in the liver of mid-to-late pregnant rats, which may be due to downregulating the acetylation of USF-1 and the glycolytic enzymes induced by PCAF in isolated hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolaemic effect of dietary inclusion of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase-producingLactobacillus plantarumstrains in Sprague–Dawley rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Sunita Grover ◽  
Virender Kumar Batish
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Probiotic Treatment

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-hypercholesterolaemic effects of two putative probiotic bile salt hydrolase (Bsh)-producingLactobacillusplantarumstrains, i.e. Lp91 and Lp21, in rats.L. plantarumLp91 exhibited excellent tolerance to low pH and high bile salt concentrations as well as showed potential Bsh activity, cholesterol assimilation and cholesterol co-precipitation ability along withL. plantarumLp21 and NCDO82 strains. Furthermore, the potential effect ofL. plantarumLp91 on plasma cholesterol level was evaluated in Sprague–Dawley rats. Five treatment groups of rats (n6) were fed experimental diets: normal diet, hypercholesterolaemic diet (HD), HD plusL. plantarumLp91 (HD91) at ≥ 1·0 × 108colony-forming units (cfu)/g, HD plus microencapsulatedL. plantarumLp91 (HDCap91) at ≥ 1·0 × 108 cfu/g and HD plusL. plantarumLp21 (HD21) at ≥ 1·0 × 108 cfu/g for 3 weeks. Feed intake and feed efficiency differed significantly among the five groups. After 21 d of dietary treatment, comparative analysis revealed 23·26, 15·71 and 15·01 % reduction in total cholesterol, 21·09, 18·77 and 18·17 % reduction in TAG, 38·13, 23·22 and 21·42 % reduction in LDL-cholesterol, and the corresponding HDL-cholesterol values increased at the rate of 18·94, 10·30 and 7·78 % in treated groups HD91, HDCap91 and HD21, respectively. Faecal excretion of cholic acid and faecal lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the probiotic treatment groups than in the control groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that the indigenousL. plantarumLp91 strain has the potential to be explored as a probiotic in the management of hypercholesterolaemia.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Rat Malignant Tumors of Fibrohistiocytic Origin: An Ultrastructural Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Greaves ◽  
J.-M. Martin ◽  
M.-T. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytomas ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The ultrastructural features of a spontaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma and three malignant histiocytomas in Sprague-Dawley rats are described. The ultrastructural features of the malignant histiocytomas (or histiocytic sarcomas) support origin from cells of the monocyte series. The histogenesis of more fibrous tumors (fibrous histiocytomas) remains uncertain.

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