scholarly journals The effect of the preceding day's protein intake on basal metabolic rates in young adults

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Soares ◽  
Jennifer Sequeira ◽  
P. S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Changes in basal metabolic rates (BMR), following alterations in the preceding day's dietary protein (8.6, 11.5 and 14.0% of energy) were studied in eight, young, healthy adults over 4d.2. Results showed a significant training effect, with BMR values 4.8 % lower on day 4 of the study period. Analysis of the results by ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between subjects and diets (P<0.005), a significant difference between subjects but no differences in BMR due to the protein content of the diets.3. Mean coefficient of variation (CV) for intra- and inter-individual differences in BMR from day-to-day was of the order of 4 and 9% respectively.4. Changes in protein content of the preceding day's diet do not influence variations in BMR which appear to be random in nature with a true CV of 3.8%.

The influence of dietary protein and caloric content on thyroid function and hepatic thyroxine 5′-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1526-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Eales ◽  
D. L. MacLatchy ◽  
D. A. Higgs ◽  
B. S. Dosanjh
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Substrate Affinity ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

The influence of dietary protein and caloric intake on thyroid function of immature rainbow trout (6.5 °C; 12 h L: 12 h D photocycle) fed a daily ration of 0.97% of body weight was studied. In experiment 1, trout fed four isocaloric diets (~ 3300 kcal of estimated metabolizable energy/kg; 1 cal = 4.1855 KJ) of identical digestible carbohydrate content (15.2%) but with varying percentages of lipid (7.5–17.6%) and protein (25.6–47.5%) exhibited negligible or modest changes in plasma L-thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) after 7 or 35 days. After 14 days, activity of hepatic 5′-monodeiodinase (5′D), which converts T4 to the active T3 form, was unaltered. However, at 38 days the functional level (Vmax) of 5′D was directly related to the level of protein intake. Substrate affinity (Km) was unchanged. In experiment 2, trout fed four isocaloric diets (~ 3575 kcal/kg) of similar lipid content (15.8%) but with varying percentages of digestible carbohydrate (3.6–54.2%) and protein (0.32–47.1%) generally showed unaltered plasma T4 after 7 or 35 days, but plasma T3 was depressed by the lowest dietary protein levels. Activity of 5′D was unaffected at 14 days, but at 38 days Vmax was directly related to the level of protein ingested; Km was not changed. Trout pair-fed diets of the highest protein content to achieve levels of protein intake equivalent to those of trout fed diets of lower protein content showed a depressed Vmax but no changes in Km or plasma T4 or T3 levels. We conclude that the level of protein intake in trout mainly determines the activity of 5′D, which is a more sensitive index of chronic thyroidal adjustment than plasma T4 or T3 levels. However, the amount of ingested protein relative to total available dietary energy and (or) the absolute intake levels of one or more nonprotein nutrients change 5′D activity, possibly by influencing the balance between protein synthesis and degradation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Per-Meal Protein Prescription and Nutrition Education with versus without Diet Coaching on Dietary Protein Intake and Muscle Health in Middle-Aged Women

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Kelley L. Jackson ◽  
Sareen S. Gropper ◽  
Dennis Hunt ◽  
Deborah D’Avolio ◽  
David Newman
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Chair Rise ◽  
The Impact

Sufficient dietary protein intake is vital to maintaining muscle health with aging. Yet protein intake among adults is often inadequate. This study’s main objective was to examine the impact of nutrition education (NE) and a per-meal protein prescription (PRx) with versus without diet coaching on protein intake. A secondary objective examined its effects on muscle health. Participants included 53 women, age 45–64 years. All participants received NE and PRx; those randomized to coached-group received 10-weeks of diet coaching. Assessments included: protein intake at baseline, weeks 4 and 12 and muscle health (muscle mass, grip strength, five-chair rise test, 4 mgait speed test). The Chi-square test examined percentages of participants meeting PRx between groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance assessed within group and intervention effects on protein intake and muscle health parameters. Protein intake (g/kg body weight) increased (p < 0.001): not-coached (n = 28) 0.8 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.3 and coached (n = 25) 1.0 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.3 with no significant difference between groups. A greater percentage of coached-group participants met (p = 0.04) breakfast (72%) and met (p < 0.001) three-meal (76%) PRx versus not-coached participants (25% and 53%, respectively). Participants in both groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) improved times for the five-chair rise test and 4 mgait speed test. Diet coaching in conjunction with a PRx and NE should be considered to assist individuals in improving protein intake through self-selection of protein-rich foods.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KUALITAS ABON NANGKA MUDA DENGAN SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TEMPE. KAJIAN DARI KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN TINGKAT KESUKAAN KONSUMEN

Heuristic ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Agustiyah Rosida ◽  
Richardus Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Know How ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

In recent days, a modern society especially those who live in town, trend to consumption more nutritious food with low in calorie and cholesterol free. Synthetic “abon” made from young jackfruit is one of good vegetable food which are have potentially prized to develop. The lack of protein, can be handled by protein fortification. Tempe is one of Indonesian traditional food with rich in protein can be considered as fortification agent. Research on tempe flour as fortification agent of young jackfruit “abon” has been done. The purpose of the research is to know how many tempe flour can be added to got optimum acceptability of the product. The experiment carried out in 3x2 factorial randomized block design. The first factor are 2,5 %, 5 %, and 7,5 % w/w of tempe flour, and the second factors are treatment of tempe before floured, that is steamed and not steamed. Variance analysis of protein content shows that 1) there is significant difference among the 3 level of first factor (P<0.01), either of the 2 level of the second factor (P<0.01). Combination of 7,5 % w/w and not steamed tempe flour give the best result with 9,886 % in protein content. 2) there is not significant interaction effect between the two factors analyzed against the protein content (P>0.05). 3) Sensory test of texture and flavor show no difference score among the treatments (P>0.05) while for the color of the product, the panelist give different score (P<0,01)Kata Kunci : abon nangka muda, fortifikasi, tepung tempe

The digestion of two diets of differing protein content but with similar capacities to sustain wool growth

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan ◽  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth

Measurements were made of the digestion in sheep of two diets of differing protein content but known to support similar levels of wool growth. When offered to the sheep at 500 g/day, the high protein (HP) diet provided 13.8 g nitrogen (N), while the low protein (LP) diet provided 5.5 g. With the HP diet, approximately 8.8 g N in forms other than ammonia passed daily through the pylorus; 6.8 g of this N was apparently digested in the intestines. The corresponding values for the LP diet were 8.1 and 6.2. The similarity in wool growth recorded with these diets, despite large differences in dietary protein intake, is consistent with the hypothesis that wool growth is limited by the quantity of amino acid N absorbed from the alimentary tract. The stomach was the site of 72–73 % of the organic matter digestion and more than 90% of the cellulose digestion that occurred in the whole alimentary tract. In addition, approximately 90% of the dietary soluble carbohydrate was apparently digested in the stomach. It was calculated, by making several assumptions, that the quantity of microbial crude protein synthesized in the rumen did not exceed 44–49 g/day, equivalent to 15–16 g/100 g organic matter digested in the rumen. The implications of this calculation in the protein nutrition of ruminants are discussed. The retention time of a soluble marker in the rumen was 15–18 hr, and rates of flow of digesta from the rumen and abomasum were comparatively low.

Measuring Compliance with Prescribed Exchanges in Capd and Ccpd Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Cycling ◽  
Food Consumed

Objective To measure compliance with prescribed exchanges in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) patients using inventories of home dialysis supplies; to determine the reliability of the ratio of measured to predicted creatinine (MIP) in predicting compliance with prescribed exchanges; to determine the effects of the ingestion of preformed creatine on the excretion of creatinine. Design A prospective analysis. Setting A university dialysis center. Patients Twenty patients on home peritoneal dialysis (PD). Measurements An inventory of supplies during two home visits over a 4 -8 week interval determined the number of PD exchanges performed. This number was divided by the number of exchanges prescribed for the period to determine the percent compliance. Three consecutive days of dialysate and urine were measured with all food consumed recorded during those days. MIP creatinine ratios and dietary protein intake (DPI) for each day were calculated. Results Of the patients tested, 8120 (40%) were found to be noncompliant with the prescribed number of exchanges based on the home visit inventories, performing a mean of 75% of their exchanges. There was no significant difference in the MIP creatinine ratios of compliant and noncompliant patients, nor were the MIP ratios distributed differently for compliant and noncompliant patients. The MIP ratios did not vary significantly over the 3 days. There was no correlation between the measured creatinine on a given day and the DPI for the same day. Conclusion Based on assessment of the patient's inventory, 40% of the patients studied were noncompliant with their prescribed exchanges, indicating this is a serious and common problem in PD patients. The MIP creatinine ratio is not a predictor of compliance in PD. We suggest the use of home visit inventories to assess compliance in PD patients.

scholarly journals A comparison of choice and phase feeding for growing–finishing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Nam ◽  
F. X. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Feeding Systems

A growing-finishing trial using 72 crossbred gilts (19.7 kg initially) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of choice feeding in the production of pigs. Six pens of three gilts were assigned to each of the following feeding systems: (1) conventional three-phase feeding (18–16–14% crude protein; P3), (2) one-phase feeding (16%; P1), (3) three-phase choice feeding (24–14, 22–12, 20–10%; C3) of two diets differing in protein level, and (4) one-phase choice feeding (24–10% throughout; CI). The three growth periods were 20–50, 50–70 and 70–105 kg live weight. All diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained the same energy level (13.7 MJ DE kg−1). Choice feeding systems (C1 and C3) during the grower period (20–50 kg) increased (P < 0.05) feed intake (1.52 vs. 1.33 kg d−1) and weight gain (801 vs. 731 g d−1) compared with those of phase feeding (P1 and P3). In the 50–105 kg growth phase, feeding systems had no effect on pig growth performance. Feed intake over the entire period (20–105 kg) was higher (P < 0.05) with choice feeding (2.55 kg d−1) than with phase feeding (2.27). Dietary protein intake increased (P < 0.05) by 18% in choice-fed pigs, and more dietary protein was required (P < 0.05) for weight gain from choice feeding than from phase feeding. There were no significant differences in the protein content of the diets selected by C1 and C3 pigs for any period or for the overall experiment. There were no significant effects of feeding system on carcass traits, except that carcass dressing percentage was highest (P < 0.05) for C3 pigs. These results suggest that choice-fed pigs consumed more dietary protein and required more protein for weight gain than pigs in a phase feeding system. Also, growing–finishing pigs do not have the ability to select a protein intake to meet their requirement for protein when they are provided a choice of diets differing in protein content. There was no advantage to using a three-phase choice feeding system rather than a singe-phase choice system. Key words: Choice feeding, protein selection, performance, carcass characteristics, pigs

scholarly journals Associations Among Dietary Protein Intake, Physical Activity, and Muscle Quality in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Chester Sokolowski ◽  
Simon Higgins ◽  
Megha Vishwanathan ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Richard Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Intake Patterns and Inadequate Protein Intake in Older Adults from Four Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gaytán-González ◽  
María de Jesús Ocampo-Alfaro ◽  
Francisco Torres-Naranjo ◽  
Roberto Gabriel González-Mendoza ◽  
Martha Gil-Barreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Recent Interest

Recent interest in protein intake per meal is observed in studies that have reported the protein intake patterns in different countries; however, comparisons of these data are lacking. We aimed to compare protein intake patterns and the percentage of inadequate protein intake (IPI) per day and meal in older adults from different countries. We acquired data of protein intake in older adults from four countries (Mexico, United States of America, Germany, and United Kingdom). We compared protein intake (per day and meal), IPI per day and meal, and the number of meals with an adequate protein content among countries. The IPI per day significantly differed among countries for <0.8 and <1.0 (both p < 0.001), but not for <1.2 g/kg/d (p = 0.135). IPI per meal (<30 g/meal) did not differ among countries at breakfast (p = 0.287) and lunch (p = 0.076) but did differ at dinner (p < 0.001). Conversely, IPI per meal (<0.4 g/kg/meal) significantly differed among countries at breakfast, lunch, and dinner (all p < 0.001). The percentage of participants that ate ≥30 g/meal or ≥0.4 g/kg/meal at zero, one, and two or three meals per day significantly differed among countries (all p < 0.05). IPI at breakfast and lunch (<30 g/meal) was a common trait in the analyzed samples and might represent an opportunity for nutritional interventions in older adults in different countries.

On the variation of urinary creatinine in buffalo calves and the effect of dietary protein intake on urinary creatinine, creatinine-nitrogen ratio and creatinine coefficient

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmila Chetal ◽  
Usha R. Mehra ◽  
K. Nath ◽  
S. K. Ranjhan
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

SUMMARYVariation in urinary creatinine in nine male and twelve female buffalo calves divided into three equal groups on diets containing three levels of dietary protein intake (low, medium and high) was estimated. The variation in urinary creatinine (% and total) was large from animal to animal and also from day to day (P < 0·01) in the same animal. It was not affected (P > 0·05) by the level of dietary protein. The creatinine-nitrogen ratio decreased (P < 0·01) with increase in the protein level of the ration, but the creatinine coefficient (creatinine per kg body weight) did not differ significantly (P > 0·05). The male and female animals responded similarly.It was concluded that urinary creatinine (% and total) and the creatinine coefficient cannot be used as an index either in nutrient balance studies or for evaluating ruminant nutrition in general. The creatinine-nitrogen ratio could also not provide a suitable yardstick to evaluate protein status of the animals because of the significant interaction of days × protein. The nitrogen balance is considered to be better for this purpose.

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